PAGE FOUR I'Aill, ivilkAfiiGAi"A' ii Aiilil The Defense Question (Continued from Page 1) It is necessary, then, to choose between a strategic Air Force acting as a deterrent and able to retaliate immediately-"if Russia at- tacks at breakfast time, we can hit back be- fore lunch," as one man in uniform ex- pressed it-and a team effort by the three services, or to find the proper integration of both strategies. * * * * THIS notion of combining the two propos- als would have us concentrate neither on one branch of the service nor on equality of three. Rather it would have us build a strong strategic Air Force and maintain strength in the Army and Navy at the same time, although this country cannot afford to build as strong an Air Force as it other- wise could if it also constructed a huge radar net and maintained strength in the Army and Navy. It can be boiled down to a matter of whether we should put all our eggs in one basket, or divide them equally among three. The other alternative, which seems to be favored by many of the military, is to find an intermediate distribution that would result in the greatest integrated and overall strength. This is the idea of com- bining the suggestions by both sides of the argument. Proponents of the Air Force argument em- phasize that the potential threat of a strong Air Force equipped with atomic bombs would be the surest deterrent to an attack. Sec- ondly, the devastation that could be inflict- ed by the strategic Air Force, the "Iron Fist" of the armed services, on an enemy would be enough to knock them out. The war would be short and other weapons would be un- neessary and obsolete. Thirdly, concentra- tion of military resources in the Air Force provides the most powerful course of action we can afford. Most of the military agreed that there is somne substance in these points, but they also noted that they are based on assumptions that are not necessarily true. Although this nation may now hold the edge over Russia in air and atomic power, the Soviet is con- stantly building its air force and atomic stockpile. If and when Russia surpasses us in these areas, she will no longer be fright- ened or deterred by the threat of American power. Secondly, the concept that a nation can be crushed by air power alone has never been proved. If the war dragged out be- yond two weeks or a month, air power alone would be insufficient. Thirdly, if our finances can provide us with an insurance against these possibilities, concentration in the Air Force is not the best strategy. Arguments for the "balanced force" with a giant radar net point out that home defenses are mandatory if we wish to stop a Soviet air attack. Secondly, we pannot risk placing our faith in a single weapon, but must be able to defend ourselves and Europe on all roads of attack, ground, sea, and air. Third- ly, a "balanced force" has always been the goal of our war economy measures, and has proved to.be attainable. These, too, some of the military reflected, have their weaknesses. Even the advocators of the "balanced force" admit that it is im- possible to build a radar screen or any other defense that would prevent Soviet bombers from reaching their targets. Secondly, though it is true that we cannot risk faith in an "absolute" weapon, it does not follow that all weapons are equally powerful. Thirdly, if we can improve our methods of the past while staying within our mone- tary resources, there is no sense in retain- ing an approach that may be ineffective in the changed conditions of modern war- fare. And, as has been pointed out by several, there are many other factors important to the problem-such as the difference in atti- tudes between the United States and Russia about the use of the atomic bomb; the pos- sibility of an international outlawing of the bomb, along with the greater probability of Russia's breaking any such unsanctionable law; the fact that the United States cannot hope to match the Soviet man for man on the ground; and the conspicuous truth that air and atomic power is the most potent. THE more factors that are introduced, how- ever, the more obvious it, becomes that the solution is not merely in a concentra- tion on the Air Force or equality of the three services. It simply is not that simple, as the military realizes. The answer, instead, as many of the military here have emphasized, is in the proper intertwining of all the wea- pons and power at our disposal. From the remarks of the military here, it seems that a basic assumption is that the advantages of one strategy offset the weaknesses of the other if the two are integrated. For instance, a strong Air Force with its deterrent effect could be combined with home defenses to which to turn in case Russia is not deterred, A powerful strategic Air Force could be teamed with and supplemented by ground troops and ships. And appropriations could be divided among the services to provide us with the most powerful combination of the two directions of strategy, by find- ing the right point on the continuum be- tween the two extremes. The tremendous importance of finding that point could not be more convincinglv MATTE R Or r'A -i ""hat Man With "e Corns Will Have To Go", t 1 t f4 f7 j Zcss lCOMOLOS BVS """} ps 4L ~ri8 , w ° W J lid By JOSEPH ALSOP KUALA LUMPUR, Malaya - Liu Chong- Fong is a slender, intelligent, rather tense Malayan Chinese who represents a not unimportant victory for the free world. Until six months ago, he was one of the few thousand jungle terrorists who are the spear- head of Communist imperialism here in Ma- laya. Now he has come back. His story tells a lot, about matter.s more important than Liu Chong-Fong. It was in 1948 when Liu's "life ended.," in his own sharp phrase. In those days he was a school teacher in the Malay state of Pahang. He was engaged to be married. And like many another young Chinese in- tellectual, he was amateurishly dabbling In Communism. One fine morning his cell leader came to him with the world, "the party has given the order to go to the jungle." The cell leader added that the jungle was his only refuge from execution by the British. Liu obeyed. Soon Liu and a helpless group of others like him were standing in a wild jungle clear- ing, getting their assignments from the ruthless Pahang party boss, Wu Teh. Liu and seven other "intellectuals," led by an aged party hack, Yen Ching-Lin, were or- dered to start the local underground press. They were established in a remote jungle hideout. Paper, ink, type, a primitive box press and their food were sent in to them by members of the Ming Yun, the covert Communist organization in Malaya. They began to publish their paper, "The Voice of the Masses," as a bi-weekly. It was a lonely business. The under- ground press was super secret. The eighth of the press were never visited, except by members of the Pahang state committee and by jungle couriers bringing their food, other supplies and supplementary orders. Yet in this utter isolation in the re- mote deep jungle, the regimented routine of Communist party life still sternly grip- ped its victims. Every morning the eight rose at six sharp and went to work at seven. For five, hours, they worked on "The Voice," or reprinted party directives needing wide cirulation, or joined in Marxist studies-mainly studies of the sacred works of "Father Mao." Lunch was at one. At two sharp, they began an- other four hours work in the fields of -yams and tapioca in their jungle clearing. And every evening after supper, they indulged in the grim pleasures of Socialist self criticisms in the early tropic dusk. At the end of the second year, how- ever, the British and Malayan froces be- gan driving deeper - and deeper into the jungle; and the eight of the press had to make their first move to a new hideout. And at the end of the third year, when Gen. Templer came to Malaya, "it began to be very bad." After that, the warnings came again and again, and the eight of the press again and again performed the back breaking task of manhandling their supplies and equipment to a new place of refuge. Now the eight could do little more than 'IMU4 At Barbour Gymnasium HOLIDAY DANCE PROGRAM by the Ballet and Modekn Dance Clubs THE DANCE department's annual Christ- mas program presented last Sunday in Barbour Gymnasium was distinguished by a variety of programming and a competent level of performance which is obviously the result of considerable preparation. By far the most ambitious and in some respects the most successful dance was the ballet of John Henry, composed by Don Harris, andchoreographed by Robin Squier. Mr. Harris' score seems to express not only the emotional pitch of John Henry's tragedy but also the relentlessness of his mechanical adversary. The music is well orchestrated, particularly the concluding chorale-like sec- tion for the winds. What is even more to be noticed is the singular danceability of the work, which seemed designed to support the movement on the stage. The dance itself was skillfully directed and, for the most part, well performed. James Stasheff, in the role of John Henry, displayed a natural talent for expression, although his characterization might have been a more vigorous one. Per- haps the most outstanding performance was that of Jennifer Allen as the wife, although all the dancers held to a uniformly high level of performance. Among the other dances, that choreog- raphed and danced by Jennifer Allen to one of the "Three Pieces in the Shape of a Pear," by Satie, deserves particular men- tion. Miss Allen, swathed in a shining green evening dress and sporting a pair of magenta gloves, gave a satiric and amus- ing characterization of a high-strung so- ciety lady. "Have a Good Time," a poem by W. H. Auden, was read by James Stasheff while Nan Thayer did a distinctive and original dance interpretation of it. Ex- cerpts from Skip Doppmann's Dance Suite, which was premiered at last year's Inter- Ar.k Fesi..were n..rmda rain- with hand copy the essential party directives to the othr groups of jungle fighters in Pahang. Worse still the jungle supply 'ystem broke down and food became very short. Discour- agement and even despair started to spread among the eight of the press. BUT THERE was a reign of terror in the jungle. It was death to talk of giving up. death even to be seen picking up one of Gen. Templer's air dropped surrender leaf- lets. Only the party's jungle couriers knew the jungle trails, and it was quite likely to be death to strike out towards civilization on one's own. For a while, moreover, terror was re-in- forced by hope. To the men in the jungle, who knew no better, the party leader swore that Communism was winning the Malayan war. Kuala Lumpur has fall- en, Singapore was menaced. Soon it would be Pahang's turn. Above all, "Father Mao" was coming', with all the power of Com- munist China, to bring to Malaya a new day. "Just hang on a little longer," said the party leaders, "and we of the jungle will soon be luxuriously sitting in the high seats of power." Liu ceased to credit these stories as the condition of the eight of the press grew worse and worse. Then he and another com- rade fell ill and were left behind in an aban- doned camp, with a small store of rice and one Dutch rifle. The comrade died. Al- though half delirious, Liu made up his mind to escape. This was his first independent decision in five years time. Whereas his account of the jungle life was short, factual and bare, his story of the escape was enthusiastic, vivid and detailed. It was as though, in this single action, he had become a man again-had been reborn as a human individual with a. free human mind. None'the less, the desper- ate wanderings and the desperate disap- pointments, the fearful privations and the occasional triumphs when the Dutch rifle killed a monkey or some other small game- all these merely added up to the inevitable experience of any man seeking to escape from the jungle without a thorough know- ledge of jungle geography. The novelty lay, rather, in the human drama between Liu and two other comrades whom he fell in with during his terrible journey. All three wished to surrender. Each sus- pected the intention of the others. But the terror in the jungle was still too strong. In two months of shared priva- tion, none dared to confess his plan to his comrades, lest they be party provocateurs who would execute the sentence of death on the spot. Even when they broke out of the jungle at last, they still made false excuses to each other. So they went sep- arately to give themselves up, and were honest with each other for the first time when they all met again in the same police station. Such is the story of Liu. Ponder it well, for it speaks volumes about the power and the character of the Communist imperialist drive in Asia. (Copyright, 1953, New York Herald Tribune, Inc.) one, although some of the individual dances would have profited from a more imagina- tive conception and higher standard of per- formance. As it was, they seemed somewhat over-cautious and colorless. -Anne Stevenson and Dave Tice **- At Hill Auditorium,.i. . CHICAGO SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA- Fritz Reiner, conductor, with Nan Mger- riman, contralto. SUNDAY NIGHT'S concert demonstrated that the Chicago Symphony Orchestra is not only one of the largest, but one of the most skilled in the country. The sound produced by this ensemble is something which one rarely hears equalled. In fact, there was almost too much sound. Except for the opening number, the Brandenburg Con- certo No. 3 by Bach, the program was de- voted to orchestral display pieces-works which make their effect by means of a rich, sumptuous orchestral sonority. By the time the end of the concert was reached, all this mass of sound tended to deaden the senses, and I found it difficult to listen attentively to the final number, Wagner's Overature to Tannhauser. Mr. Reiner's interpretation of the Bach work was most interesting. It tended to emphasize the contrast of the two move- ments, as the first movement was played rather slowly, and heavily (as if the play- ers were unwilling to quit each note and go on to tie next one), whereashthe second movement was taken at a dazzling pace, and with an extraordinary lightness of tone. The Iberia suite of Debussy, which followed, was played with a cleanness and transpairency which revealed the basic simplicity and economy of means with which Debussy obtained his effects. Mr. Reiner has, I believe a reputation as a Strauss interpreter, and the performance of Till Eulenspiegel was a magnificent one. Nan Merriman made an imnresiv nand H- -- -- .--:.-.-..... v 4 1 ::2 -- .-- r' ;, =-:..- : .. - i k '4 d+ v : #' r. , .. -i . t x ('OMMITTEf Od r'IUD .NtLttttG THE WEATHER v PT. Cr ette4 TO THE EDITOR The daily welcomes communications from its readers on matters.f general interest, and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words in length, defamatory or libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will be condensed, edited or withheld from publication at the discretion of the editors. ON THE WASHINGTON MEHRY-G0-ROUND WITH DREW PEARSON Iaidoo Writes .. . To the Editor: SINCE my return to London l"Ast July, after an absence of four and a half years in the United States. I visited Europe. On these travels I spoke to Ger- mans, Scandinavians, Italians, French and Swiss of all walks of life, political affiliations and be- liefs-nobody hides his views here. The most alarming feature of the discussions with them was the marked increase (as compared to my previous trip in 1948) in anti- American sentiments. Not uncommon in Europe are painted signs on walls and pylons; 'Ami-Go home." Apparently the Continentals ar- gue that: 1. The Marshall Plan Aid used as a ruse to flood American con- sumer goods (Coca Cola and Chew- ing gum not excepted) into the European countries. 2. Unfair trade restrictions. 3. Atlantic Pact and NATO Or- ganizations as encroachments upon their national sovereignties and drain upon their economies. What amazes me most is they do not fear an impending war as much as they fear American for- eign policies which, they claim, "blind to facts." Much stronger are the opinions of foreign students in London. These African, Asian and West In- dian Negroes who' are literally pouring into this country since after the war are highly critical of what they regard as "American imperial designs, chauvinism and arrogance." They believe that the old empires, Britain, France, Hol- land and Spain, are falling apart but America is taking their place. Some of the oft repeated questions are, "What about the Rosenbergs? Mcarthyism, and Paul Robeson's passport?" It is my fervant hope that my former colleagues at the Universi- ty are not aiding McCarthyism, but rather helping to preserve the few remaining vestiges of academ- ic freedoms in the U.S. --L. V. Naidoo. (1953) Dr. Lamont ..e . DR. Corliss Lamont, Columbia University lecturer in philos- ophy, outspoken critic of guilt by association, et cetra, like many Academic Freedomeers believes that the United States is in dead- ly peril of losing its fine tradition of civil rights. Speaking before a meeting of a Student Committee for Academic Freedom (Dec. 3), he did a slightly less than brilliant job of rebuking the current trends which are abridging our civil liberties. Re- ferring specifically to Congression- al investigating committees Dr. Lamont asserted that "if the in- quiries are continued as they have been, the country will slide into some form of fascism." "Men are called guilty who have done no more than belong to a committee . . . Guilt is personal. The fact that a man belongs to a committee does not matter," he added. Dr. Lamont knows of what he speaks for if my memory does not fail me, he speaks from first- hand experience. However, in the question and answer period following his lec- ture Dr. Lamont was challenged, An impetuous freshman blandly read from the May 15, 1953 issue of "Counterattack" which quoted Dr. Lamont as saying at a dinner in 1934, "We will use violence if necessary to reach the Socialist goal . . . the capitalist class will not allow demorcatic procedures." Far from being at a loss for a re- ply, Dr. Lamont categorically stat- ed that he could not recall ever having made such a statement. To be sure, this was a smear and nothing more-exactly the sort of thing he attributed to the "abridg- ers" of civil liberties and academ- ic freedom. To repulse this flagrant attack on his good name, Dr. Lamont, re- sourceful champion of Academic Freedom, insinuated in no un- certain terms that the freshman was affiliated with Senator Jen- ner's notorious Internal Subcom- mittee. The freshman, forgetting his right to invoke the Fifth Amendment, later flatly denied Dr. Lamont's accusation. Yes, Academic Freedomeers, this unprovoked attack on Dr. Laimont suggests the grave taskg you face in combatting present investiga- tory trends which circumscribe civil liberties by smeer and in- nuendo. You must raise your voices in united protest against the investigating committees, for they are ,the very elements which slander the eminence of such r sourceful academicians as Dr. Cor- liss Lamont. -Norman Deae r WASHINGTON - Folks up in New Hampshire have been mystified as to how a modestly paid chief of police of Hanover, N.H., popula- tion 5,000, was able to go on an expensive junket to Europe recently- all at government expense. The answer is: "powerful friends in high places." They include: Senator Bridges of New Hampshire, head of the Senate com- mittee that appropriates money for government; Sherman Adams, ex-Governor of New Hampshire and the most powerful man in the White house next to Ike; Scott McLeod, also of New Hamp- shire, the most powerful man in the State Department next to Dulles. When you have these men on your side, a $2,500, vacation in Eu- rope at government expense is easy. Officially other State Department officials say that Police Chief Andrew Ferguson was sent to Europe to guard a courier who in turn carried valuable papers. Unofficially and privately, State Department officials admit that Police Chief Ferguson was about as necessary as a smoky chimney. The regular State Department courier was quite able to protect himself. He had done so before in the past. He was not going to Iron Curtain countries, but to such friendly countries as France and Germany. Fur- thermore, if a guard has been necessary, regular State Department personnel were available. However, it was explained that Police Chief Ferguson initiated the idea of going to Europe. And when such powerful friends as assistant president Sherman Adams, Senator Bridges, and Scott McLeod backed him up, the State Department yielded. State Department officials said privately that Ferguson had done past favors for Messrs. Adams, Bridges, and McLeod-they didn't know what. Cost of Ferguson's trip to the taxpayers was estimated as $2,500. This doesn't include side trips he took to England and Scotland at his own expense. -IRKED LABOR- THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT has just dropped the AFL, CIO, and Negro representatives from the Treasury Savings Bonds Di- vision-which isn't making organized labor any happier. It's the job of these organized labor representatives inside the Treasury to persuade labor to by bonds through monthly pay roll deductions and the big unions have helped sell about $156 million annually. A total of 8,000,000 employees have signed to buy savings bonds by having a certain amount deducted from their pay checks. However, the Treasury has just dropped Lloyd Murdock, AF of L savings bonds representative; W. A. Murphy, CIO representative; and L. L. Foster, the Negro representative. Actually, the three men were not fired. They wee dropped for reasons of economy. The Treasury is also correct in arguing that the sale of these savings bonds is expensive compared with the huge sums bought up by the banks. However, labor leaders have taken pride in the fact that 8,000,000 employees felt they had a stake in their govern- ment to the extent of buying bonds. They are piqued at being left out in the cold. Remarked AFL chief George Meany to labor associates: "The pro- gram is a good one and I'm sorry labor isn't wanted in it." George Lynch, head of the pattern makers was less diplomatic: "If the Eisenhower-Jenner-McCarthy-Velde axis wants noth- ing further to do with organized labor," he wrote the Treasury, "the pattern makers will observe it to the nth degree. Please destroy the plates of the pattern makers." Note-The plates he referred to are the mailing address plates of union members to which the Treasury sent its savings bond letters. -DEFENSE DEADLINE-- THE DEADLINE is up today when the powerful National Security Council must decide how much to cut national defense. Two months ago the Security Council listened to Admiral Arthur Radford, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, argue for keeping the conventional weapons system and old methods of war- fare despite the new atomic age, and despite the terrific expense. They were not impressed. "Is this a preview of the 'new look'?" asked secretary of the Treas- ury Humphrey, referring to the Joint Chiefs' long-overdue promise to overhaul methods of defense. "It represents a 'limited look," replied Radford, admitting that no new strategy actually was involved. But Defense Department Comtroller W. J. McNeil, who sat along- side Radford at the secret session, estimated that his program would cost about $43 billion. This raised Secretary Humphrey right out of his chair. "Can't substantial sums be saved by strict economy in the non-combat and support areas?" demanded the man who is faced with the dilemma of reducing taxes and balancing the budget. Finally it was agreed that the military would take a new look at their proposed "new look" and report later. The deadline is up today. Note-The Security Council meanwhile has viewed estimates of Soviet military power, including the new Russian hydrogen apparatus, and has come to the sobering conclusion that Russia is not far behind us in the atomic-hydrogen race. This makes the defense budget prob- lem all the more difficult. -WASHINGTON PIPELINE- TAX CHIEF Coleman Andrews has ordered all ta agents to drop their investigations for two and a half months, beginning January t I I t IDAILY OFFICIAL BULLETI N f (Continued from Page 2) Hillel: Class in beginning Hebrew -- 17:30 p.m. hibit Hall, College of Architecture and Design. Eveits Today The Graduate history Club will meet tonight at 8 p.m. in Clements Library. Prof. Wilcox of the History Depart- ment will speak on "Pursuing a Topic Through Manuscripts" with special ref- erence to his recent work with the Clinton papers. Refreshments will be served. Graduate students and faculty are invited to attend. Kindai Nihon Kenkyu Kal. Discussion of Family Life in Japan and America. 8 p.m., West Conference Room, Rack- ham Building. Refreshments. Christmas party featuring Japanese records after the meeting at the Old German Res- taurant, 120 W. Washington. All inter- ested invited. Forum. Confusion, Chaos or Coopera- tion-The Liberal Arts and Modern Ed- ucational Practices. Professors Eggert- sen, Ketcham, Ogden, and Thrall will appear on a panel moderated by Pro- fessor Milbolland under the sponsor- ship of Phi Delta Kappa, professional fraternity for men in education this afternoonaat 3 p.m. in Auditorium B, Mason Hall. All are cordially invited. U. of M. Law School Student Bar As- sociation presents a panel discussion on the Opportunities in the Practice of Law Today, this evening, 7:30 p.m., 120 Hutchins Hall. The panel, compos- ed of John Dykema, Richard Gushee, Robert Straub, and James Crippen, will discuss the opportunities for lawyers in government service, a corporation, private practice, and practice with a large legal firm. All interested persons are cordially invited. The Deutscher Verein will have its Christmas party tonight. Members are to meet in the basement of Tappan Hall by 7. After caroling, the group will go to Ypsilanti for the party. Those with cars are asked to drive. All women who attend have been granted 12:30 permission. Pick up permission slipsrat German office in Tappan Hall before Tuesday at 5. Museum Movie. "Giant of the North" (Alaska in color), free movie shown daily at 3 p.m. daily, including Sat. and Sun. and at 12:30 Wed., 4th floor movie alcove Museums Building, Dec. 15-22. La Tertulia of the Sociedad Hispan- ica will meet today at 3:30 p.m. in the north wing of the Union cafeteria. Fac- ulty members will be present. All mem- bers are urged to attend. The Congregational-Disciples Guild. Teat at Guild House, 4:30-6:00 p.m. Coming Events Episcopal Student Foundation. Stu- dent Breakfast following 7 a.m. ser- vice of Holy Communion, Wed., Dec. 16, Canterbury House. A Christmas Vespers Service will be held tomorrow, Wed., Dec. 16, in the Student Chapel of the First Presby- terian Church. The service will begin at 5:10. Everyone is invited to attend. Sigma Alpha Eta is having a student- staff Christmas party Wed., Dec. 16, At 7:30 in the Women's League. All mem- bers and friends are invited to join in the fun. You won't want to miss it. Chess Club of the U. of M. meets Wed., D". 1'6 at 7:30 p.m. in the Mich- igan Union. All chess players welcome. Roger Williams Guild. Weekly Tea and Chat Wednesday afternoon, 4:30 to 6:00. SRA Cloth-a-Child Drive. There will be a packing party Wed., Dec. 16, from 3 to 5 p.m., Lane Hall. All help needed. A Caroling Party for all who attend- ed Freshman the Rendezvous will be held Wed., Dec. 16, 7:30 p.m. Lane Hall. Sixty-Fourth Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Editorial Staff Harry Lunn............Managing Editor Eric Vetter ................City Editor Virginia Voss........Editorial Director Mike Wolff........Associate City Editor Alice B. Silver.. Assoc. Editorial Director Diane Decker. ........ Associate Editor Helene Simon........... Associate Editor Ivan Kaye................Sports Editor Paul Greenberg....Assoc. Sports Editor Marilyn Campbell......Women's Editor Kathy Zeisler.... Assoc. Women's Editor Don Campbell.......Head Photographer Business Staff Thomas Treeger.....Business Manager William Kaufman Advertising Manager Harlean Hankin.... Assoc. Business Mgr. William Sel den........ Finance Manager James Sharp,.....Circulation Manager Telephone NO 23-24-1 +l r V