PAGE FOUR
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1951
_______________________________________________ I I
SL
Campaigning
WITH THE beginning of candidates' open
.:.houses tomorrow and the last intensive
efforts of Student Legislature campaigners
getting underway, the campus-at-large has
a chance to sit back and survey from a broad
perspective results of past electioneering.
In the Legislature's brief existence many,
often a majority, of SL members have
failed to devote enough time and interest
to the Legislature to make it an effective,
significant body. Too many of the candi-
dates seem to take the attitude that the
election involved is only a popularity con-
test. They put up multitudes of brilliant-
colored posters and appear before hun-
dreds of students, but fail to learn what
SL's important projects are and what the
entire purpose of the Legislature is.
When elected the candidates often fail to
contribute any new or meaningful ideas to a
Legislature that is in desperate need of more
active members if it is to secure the recogni-
tion and influence which is necessary for it
to continue functioning as the voice of
students.
Perhaps the greatest area of improvement
needed among those elected is a continuing
contact with constituents in order to inform
the campus-at-large with issues and prob-
lems faced by SL. If such a relationship had
been more fully promoted in the past, SL
would not be the brunt of as much scorn
and criticism as it is today, and the average
student would not, upn hearing of SL, ask
"Why have a Student. Legislature?" and
"Wat has SL ever done for me?"
As the only even half-representative body
of student opinion on campus, it is essential
that SL continue functioning, and that it
begin to act more dynamically and effec-
tively. Only through election of more quali-
fled candidates can any improvement in SL
take' place, and only through more careful
, attention to candidates' views and attitudes
will voters elect more qualified candidates.
-Dorothy Myers
DRAMA__
At Hill Auditorium
JOHN BROWN'S BODY, the epic poem by
Stephen Vincent Bent presented by the
University of Michigan Oratorical Asso-
ciation
DURING the two da's run of "John
Brown's Body" at Hill Auditorium, ap-
proximately ten thousand people watched
three well-known actors and a large speak-
ing, singing, and dancing chorus accom-
plish what has been called a unique piece of
stagecraft, a spellbinding trick of dramatic
recital.
Before the event is too far beyond the
horizon, some of the general and under-
standable enthusiasm for this "new" method
of dramatic presentation should be temper-
ed with some closer attention to what the
production of "John Brown" actually achiev-
ed. My own conclusion is very little.
However "epic," however glamorous,
however diverting in its dynamic tensions
of sight and sound, "John Brown's Body,"
as poetry is dull, soaringly sentimental, and
metaphorically inept. The dramatic re-
cital, adapted and directed by Charles
Laughton, and performed by Tyrone Pow.
er, Anne Baxter, and Raymond Massey,
did not really manage to conceal many of
its defects. Their earnestness and obvious
professional poise only served to make the
work seem offensively slick.
What defeats the poem from being a valid
epic are a number of things. Of first im-
portance 'is the sentimental and completely
wooden conception of all the heroes and
heroines from the foot soldier on up to Abra-
ham Lincoln. The characters are bathed in
the multiple legends of the War Between
the States and thus make meaningful in-
dividual impressions. Lee is allowed to be a
figure of marble, Lincoln a weary conglom-'
eration of all the past Abraham Lincolns
that have been c'onceived.
The Benet characters, Jack Ellyat from the
North and Clay Wingate from the South,
are men without personalities, forged on an
anvil where every stroke registered by cli-
mate and condition performs all the ap-
proved and predictable effects on the re-
ceiver. The heroines are even less tolerable.
The development of the plot, and the in-
terplay between plot and atmosphere, which
is the nucleus of any epic work, is completely
naive. Aristotle asks for a "dignified theme"
as an essential ingredient of the epic. "John
Brown's" naivete is.unfortunately never dig-
nified; it is simple, but self-consciously sim-
ple, constantly incorporating the ,melodra-
matic understatment and the naked fact,
almost in the manner of true-crime writer,
John Bartlow Martin.
The atmospheric qualities, an integral
ingredient of the performance, as pro-
vided by a well-trained voice group, runs
into 'the same difficulties. They duly regis-
ter the plink-plink of banjoes, the stirring
choruses of the battle songs, and the rum-
ble-rumble ol turbines in the contrived
Machine Age apotheosis; still, all it
amounts to icing on top of icing. When
you are reciting "Savannah-bandana"
rhymes, you do not need to garnish it with
VOICE OF THE FACULTY:
Mr. Magoo & Popular Arts-
A Psychologist's Viewpoint
The Old Master
XetteP4 TO THE EDITOR
The Daily welcomes communications from its readers on matters Of
geeral interest, and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer
and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words in length, defamatory or
Mlbes letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will
be eondensed, edited or withheld from publication at the discretion of the
editors.
t
(EDITOR'S NOTE: The following is a con-
densation of alecture given by Milton Rosen-
berg during last summer's symposium on The
Popular Arts. Mr. Rosenberg is an instructor in
the psychology department.)
By MILTON ROSENBERG
NOT MANYYEARS AGO we were singing
a popular tune whose reassuring refrain
was: "Wishing Will Make It So."
We might, perhaps, begin with the title
of the song mentioned above and see what
insights we can gain from it. Certainly,
the title is not itself insightful-it does
not clarfy, rather it'reassures by way of
deception, as do many items of mass en-
tertainment."
Wishing, in fact, will not make it so-at
least not' in the real world. But a little
further on in the song we are told-"wishes
are the dreams we dream when we're awake."
And here the poet (for when he wrote that
line the Tin Pan Alley man wrote with the
poet in him) shares with us a significant
truth.
It was the central proposition of Sigmund
Freud's theory of dreams that dreams are
wishes. But the 'wishes that show up in
dreams are such as the wisher himself can-
not openly tolerate. If the wisher will not
receive the wish with tolerance and hospi-
tality, the wish will cloak its frightening
features and present itself at the door of
the wisher's consciousness, so disguised and
so made over, that the wisher will let him
in-with at least the ordinary shows of cour-
tesy-and sometimes with the flourishes and
smiles of warm hospitality.
Such commonplace stuff is known to
everyone in this most psychological of
all possible worlds. I take time to labor
this lesson learned in the first course in
psychology because the rest of this article
will be based upon a further extension of
the contention that unconscious wishes
populate our day-dreams as well as our
night dreams. The extension is that un-
conscious wishes also populate the popular
arts. To put this another way, the popular
arts contain fantasy-constructions just as
do the dreams of the individual. And
just as the dreams of the individual may
be symbolically reduced and translated to
give us a picture of the wishes which the
wisher shuts away from himself, just so
the contents of popular art may be sym-
bolically reduced and translated to give
us a picture of the mass of individuals
which, by its patronage, makes popular
art popular.
My purpose in this article is to undertake
such an analysis as we examine just a few
examples of quantitatively popular art. The
objective of such a procedure is to develop,
in a speculative way, some generalizations
about the unconscious needs and fears of
typical' Americans. It should be possible
also to shed some light upon the society
which provided the experiences which shap-
ed these needs ad fears.
OUR FIRST EXAMPLE might be that
large group of American illustrators
whose most famous representatives are Nor-
man Rockwell and Stephan Dohanos. Their
technique is one of meticulous realism-
but a realism somehow pervaded by a certain
emotional rosy hue. One might almost label
this "tender realism." Somehow the people
who move across the popular magazine can-
vasses of Rockwell or Dohanos are always
loveable, loved and loving. The painting al-
ways seems to hint at a life full of friendship
and cameraderie, a life lived among people
who are all deeply tolerant of each other's
idiosyncracies, a life somehow built around
a few apparent truths havng to do with
the glory of country, the stability of home,
the maintenance of the parent-child rela-
tionship, the good-will of civil servants, and
the security found in humdrum predictabil-
ity. One very impressive regularity is that
this idealized version of the good democratic
life is, in the paintings of Iockwell, Do-
hanos and their confreres, almost always
presented in the setting of the small or
middle sized town. Similarly the magazine
stories which these painters often illustrate
are stories of the good, semi-rural life.
Yet the majority of our people live in
cities of over 100,000 population. And in
the larger cities one is often unusual in
knowing the family in the next apartment,
let alone all the people on the block.
It would be foolish and false to maintain
that tenderness, friendship, neighborliness
and static content are not a part of the
American reality. But the world of Dohanos
and Rockwell is but one of the many known
social worlds. It is not in its simplicity and
one-sidedness at all true to life as most of
us are living it.
The power of the tender realists to evoke
in us pleasure somehow mixed with nostal-
gia is, I think, the key to their success and
persistence in the mass media. There was
a time when Americans lived in the country{
or small town-when life did in fact have
a kind of stability and static security that
is often lost in the shuffle of big industrial-
ized cities. As the American man moved to
the city he moved towards greater anony-
mity. The price he paid for his new inde-
pendence was a new isolation. Loneliness
became something of a mass problem and
One of the most effective devices in
American advertising is a theme which
the hucksters themselves have labeled
snob appeal. Its message is "Members of
the haut monde, people who really count,
buy our stuff-if you are of the better
people you will too!" Why does this mes-
sage sell carloads of Calvert whiskey,
Woodbury soap and DuMaurer cigarettes?
The great American culture goal of up-
ward mobilty has been invoked to account
for the effectiveness of this advertising
theme. But as we examine these ads in the
pages of the New Yorker magazine, say, we
notice that the snob heroes, the members
of that other world, are constantly becom-
ing less and less like people we have known.
They look different-the men unbelievably
dandy--the women bearing more than a
trace of underfed, wraithlike, consumptive
beauty-the situations in which we find
them more and more unreal. (For example
the one-eyed Hathaway shirt man is dis-
covered playing an oboe or puttering with
his butterfly collection.) They seem to have
become olympians living an unattainable
and unknown kind of super-existence.
Perhaps this olympian unreality of the
snob-heroes of huckster-land reflects an
unverbalized conviction that most of us can-
not easily rise to aristocracy-that our so-
ciety has reached a state of social freezing
which has invalidated the Horatio Alger
dream of rags to riches. Certainly other
hypotheses might be developed but space
does not permt a full interpretation.
*.* * *
ONE LAST EXAMPLE remains. It is the
cartoon built around the adventures of
that loveable senescent, daredevil-to-end-
all-daredevils, the very near-sighted Mr.
Magoo.
We all treasure high humor. It has be-
come something of a rarity in this age of
mechanized pre-tested yaks, bifs and su-
perbofolas. But we will not treasure Ma-
goo the less if we try to search out the
unconscious communication which lies be-
neath his inspired comedy.
In all of his cartoon experiences Magoo
is in a desperate situation. He is virtually
blind, pitifully weak and very small. He is
handicapped by a majestic inability to un-
derstand the dynamics of the world through
which he stumbles. Yet every time we en-
counter him he is face to face with malig-
nant and inimical forces of both the ani-
mate and inanimate order.
The reason that the joke of Magoo's im-
probable survival will continue to amuse us is
that behind the joke lies a reassurance that
we all need. As we watch him we all be-
come Magoo. Our own feebleness, our own
ineptitude, our own confusions are external-
ized for us in the dream-image of Mr. Magoo.
The fear of war, the fear of loss of identity,
the fear of boredom, the fear of isolation,
the fear of our impulses -- all these are
aroused in us as Magoo faces his more
concrete horrors.
But dreams, whether private or public,
are wish fulfilling, and it is Magoo's func-
tion to still our fears. This he does splen-
didly. If this monument to bumbling inep-
titude and incapacity always comes
through-not only having saved his skin,
but with some gain to show for the ex-
perience-why, then, we too may rest easy
.-the dangers we face are surmountable-
nothing can touch us anymore than it
does Magoo. With him we are inviolate.
Magoo's survival in the face of danger
is inexplicable. It seems to us a sheer gra-
tuity, totally unrelated to any source of
power in the man himself. Running through
all the Magoo cartoons there is, I believe, a
secret intimation that it is not fate that
has saved Magoo . . . but rather that he'
saved himself. Magoo has saved himself
and we may save ourselves by complete al-
legiance to a set of social values and moral
conceptions. The values Magoo lives by are
those of yesterday's self made man.
In comic guise he is American individual-
ism in its purest moral form. With a dir-
ectness that verges on quixotism he wants.
what he wants when he wants it and he
goes after it and gets it. And ultimately it
is this belief in himself -- this standing
squarely for something - that keeps him
whole and secure in the face of dangers
which - because of his faith rather than
his myopia -- are not visibly real.
So the underlying serious and uncon-
scious message of these cartoons is simply
this-to stand securely in an insecure
world a man must stand for something.
I do not believe that the artists behind Mr.
Magoo are suggesting that we should stand
as he does for primitive rugged individual-
ism. For Magoo after all is treated by
them with ridicule as well as love. What
they are saying to us and with us is that
individual man finds his psychological
salvation and fulfillment in committment
to purposes and truths that encompass
more than himself.
As they resonate within us this all-too-
often unconscious insight, the men who
have made Magoo render us the invaluable
service of moral illumination. Whether it
r 7
f a
NO FINALS?-The final exam schedule was discussed by several
campus groups last week, and numerods suggestions were made--
including a proposal to get rid of finals for seniors altogether. A
special committee studying the exam schedule situation made an
"unofficial recommendation" that representatives of students and
faculty get together to talk over abolishing finals for the staid seniors.
There were lots of other ideas about how to resolve the conflict
between the need for enough study time and the desire to give grad-
uates a meaningful diploma at commencement. Among the proposals
kicked around by Student Legislature and Senior Board were:
1) Stay with the status quo-keeping a short exam period and
no "dead weekend" before exams to allow seniors on the scholastic
lower border to know if they were really graduating by commencement
time.
2) Go back to the old style longer exam period, and let
borderline seniors enjoy guessing if they had made it while listen-
ing to commencement speeches.
3) Reschedule the school year. Proponents of this scheme visual-
ized both time for study and success in the search for senior certainty.
Start earlier in September, have a longer Chritmas vacation and a
shorter spring recess and there'll be plenty of time at the end of the
semester, they suggested.
4) Hold finals two weeks before the end of the term, with the
last week a comprehensive review.
5) ave the faculty turn seniors',,,ades in before finals, and
give anyone in danger of flunking an early exam.
With all the suggestions floating around and a referendum on
the fall elections ballot, there appeared to be a good chance that
some solution might develop. But everyone had missed one obvious
answer-no finals for anyone.
PLUMBERS SADDENED SATISFIED-Local plumbers wandered
unhappily around the streets Wednesday muttering about a possible
Gargoyle banning. Friday, Garg finally reared its ugly head. Plumb-
ers were satisfied.
* * * *
FAIR PLAY-A breathless former SL member rounded up 600
signatures and handed in a petition before a midnight deadline Wed-
nesday. His action put a referendum asking "are you in favor of dis--
tributing a sticker of the 'fair play the Wolverine way' type to Ann
Arbor merchants?" on the Nov. 11-12 ballot. .
Earlier Wednesday, University officials and SL members met with
a representative from the local Chamber of Commerce and decided
they preferred a committee to hear discrimination complaints and
discuss them with the businessmen involved.
RADULOVICH--Charles Lockwood, attorney for University stu-
dent Milo Radulovich, Monday wired Air Force Secretary Talbot
claiming Air Force procedure entitled him to 20 days to submit a
review brief. The 20 days are up today, but Talbot announced no
action on the "security risk" case last week. In Detroit, union leaders
were taking an interest in the case, and a "Radulovich Defense Coin-
mittee" was being formed.
BUCKET DRIVE-Twenty strategically placed buckets snared
$500 for the World T.niversity Service drive to aid needy students in
foreign lands, especially southeast Asia.
* * * *
HOMECOMIgTG-Sleepy students put the finishing touches to 95
homecoming displays yesterday morning. About 43,000 alumni and
visitors poured into Ann Arbor, arriving in approximately 20,000 cars.
Local police had their hands full. Small boys had their hands full, too.
It was Halloween, but there wasn't nearly time enough to soap all
those car windows.
-Jon Sobeloff
The Missing .997 ..
To the Editor:
H AS ANYONE seen a Republican
around campus? That is the
question the Young Republicans
are currently faced with as atten-
dance at club meetings has just
about reached its low point. Yet
just one year ago more than 6.500
students in a Daily poll voiced sup-
port for the Republican party.
What then can be the cause of the
dismal fact that, less than .003 of
that number have appeared at Y.R.
meetings? Could it be that Repub-
licans have fled the Michigan cam-
pus? This seems unlikely judging
from conversations heard at din-
ing tables, on the diag, and in
classrooms. Obviously Republican
sentiment is still strong on campus,
but those echoing the views of the
G.O.P. fail to realize that the logi-
cal place to air them is at a Y.R.
meeting. Unless Republicans on
campus take an interest in their
club, their only representative body
may soon face the same fate as
the Young Progressives and dis-
appear from campus.
It doesn't matter what kind of
view you entertain to join the
Y.R.'s. I personally would like to
see new members who believe in
FEPC, free trade, and social wel-
fare legislation. However, all views
are welcomed in the club. About
the only general belief we feel all
members should have is adherence
to the principles of the Consti-
tution-which should exclude no
one, except perhaps Bolsheviks and
McCarthyites.
-George David Zuckerman
* * *
Discrimination Sticker
To the Editor:
THE STICKER campaign was
initiated by the Human Rela-
tions Committee of Student Legis-
lature last year. Stickers with the
slogan "Fair Play the Wolverine
Way" were to be displayed in those
Ann Arbor stores which don't prac-
tice discrimination. Theoretically,
the plan hoped to eliminate dis-
criminatory practices for students
would patronize only those stores
which displayed this sticker.
A general lack of preparation
was evident when the project was
presented for SL approval: legal
obstacles, reaction of local mer-
chants, and estimates of cost had
not been fully investigated. The
Legislature felt unable to appro-
priate funds to a project so in-
adequately formulated.
Two weeks ago the Committee,
none of whose members were on
last year's Committee, again dis-
cussed the possibilities of the pro-
ject.
A meeting last Wednesday with
members of the Board of Com-
merce and thehAdministration re-
vealed their genuine concern with
the problem of local discrimina-
tion; however they felt that stick-
ers were not the most effective
solution. They suggested an alter-
native plan: the establishment of
an anti-discrimination board com-
posed of members of the Chamber
of Commerce and the Human Re-
lations committee which would
handle each case of discrimination
and attempt, by discussion, to work
out the problem with the indi-
vidual establishment concerned.
Unfortunately, any future deci-
sions the Committee or the SL
makes will be complicated by the
confusion about the sticker refer-
endum which "SL saw jammed on
the referendum ballot."
This referendum cannot possibly
secure student opinion on the real
questiono involved: What is the
most effective means of eliminat-
ing discrimination in Ann Arbor
stores? Had the originators of the
referendum been genuinely inter-
ested in this question, they would
have included the alternative pro-
posal.
Constructive criticism of SL and
its projects is necessary and valid.
But when it is based on unreliable
and inaccurate facts, the criticism
becomes not only meaningless, but
dangerous.
I hope this letter will clarify the
facts surrounding the sticker cam-
paign and the inadequacies of the
referendum concerning it.
--Robin Renfrew
Chairman
Human Relations Committee
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
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(Continued from Page 2)
Hillel Foundation activities for the
week-end:
Sun., Nov. 1-10:30, Council Meeting;
5:00, Hillel Chorus; 6:00," Supper Club;
8:00, IZFA Speaker; 8:00-10:30, Graduate
Mixer-All graduate students and sen-
ior girls are invited.
Gamma Delta, Lutheran Student
Club: Supper-program, 6 p.m. Topic:
"The Work of a Lutheran Deaconess."
Westminster Guild. 9:45-10:45 a.m.,
.Homecoming Breakfast for Alumni and
Students, at the Church. 6:45 p.m.
Film: "All That I Have."
Roger Williams Guild. Student Class
continues its discussion series with
"What Students Believe About Jesus,"
9:45 a.m. Evening program at Guild
House, 6:45 p.m. The Protestant Coun-
selor for Foreign Students, will speak
on "Worldwide Friendships."
Unitarian Student Group. 7:30 p.m.,
Unitarian Church.. Discussion on "In
Search of Liberal Idealogy." Election of
officers--all members please attend.
Those needing or able to offer transpor-
tation, meet at Lane Hall, 7:15.
Evangelical and Reformed Guild. 7
p.m., Bethlehem Church Gym. Guild
Fellowship Night Party. Theme:. Hal-
loween-come dressed for active fun.
Wesleyan Guild. 9:30 a.m., Student
Seminar-topic: "God: He Made Us
But Not Our Mess," 5:30 p.m., Fellow-
ship Supper. 6:45 p m., Worship and
Program: International Night. A pan-
el of three students, a German, a Chi-
nese, and an American will speak on:
"The Christian Perspective on the
World Situation." 7:30 p.m., Fireside
Forum in Youth Room. Panel discus-
sion: "Ethical Problems Involved in
Aid to India."
Lutheran student Club. 7 p.m., Prof.
WilliamrAlston, Philosophy Depart-
ment, will speak on Scientific Methods
in the Christian Faith."
Episcopal student Foundation. 8 and
9 a.m., Holy Communion Service fol-
lowed by breakfast at Canterbury
House. 6 p.m., Student Supper Club.
Coffee Hour following eight o'clock
Evensong.
Michigan Christian Fellowship. Dr.
Herbert Mekeel, pastor of First Presby-
terian Church of Schenectady, New
York, will speak on the subject "Wor-
thy To Be Lord," 4 p.m., Lane Hall. All
students invited.
Congregational - Disciples Guild. 7
p.m., meeting in Mayflower Room, Con-
gregational Church for a student pan-
el discussion on "Gods of the Cam-
pus."
Coming Events
Museum Movie. "Let's Look at Ani-
mais" (Adantationsl and "Two Little
Deutscher Verein. Tues., Nov,. 3 71 0
p.m., Rooms 3-K and L, Union. A Fulj-
bright student from Germany, will
speak of his experiences as a prisoner
in Russia during the last war. After
the talk, there will be a discussion pe-
riod and refreshments, followed by
German songs. Everyone is invited.
The Kaffee Stude of the Deutscher
Verein will'meet Mon., Nov. 2, 3:15 p.m.
in the tap-room, Urz6n. Mr. E. Dab-
ringhaus and Mr. W'.Dyck of the Ger-
man department wil,,be present to wel-
come all who come. Everyone is invited.
International Students Association.
First meeting of the House of Repre-
sentatives, Thurs., Nov. 5, 7:30 p.m.,
Room 3-S, Union. The representatives
are -urged to attend this meeting in
view of the importance q. the business
which is to be transacted, All general
members are invited to'send any pro-
posals which they wish to be discussed
in c/o Executive Secretary, ISA, P.O.
Box 2096, Ann Arbor, before November
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WASHINGTON-Earl Warren, who used to look out of his office
on Sacramento's palm-tree-studded capital square, now sits in
the marbled Supreme Court Buildng looking out on somewhat drabber
surroundings, the tired fall foliage of Washington. Across the capitol
plaza from the Supreme Court Building is the Congress whose laws
he, as Chief Justice of the United States, will have to interpret and
sometimes rule invalid. But his office is in the rear of the Supreme
Court Building, and he looks out on a row of motley buildings, neither
colonial nor modern, erected during Washington's growing pains.
The new Chief Justice, however, doesn't have much time to
look at the scenery. Suddenly appointed to the nation's highest
bench, he finds the other justices have had all summer to study
briefs and writs of certiorari. So he is spending every minute
catching up. Seldom does he get to bed before I a.m. Seldom
does he go out to dinner.
*, * * *
NORTH KOREAN PILOT REPORTS
F THERE WAS EVER any doubt about the use of the Russian air
force in Korea, the North Korean pilot who stole a Russian Mig
and flew it over to the UN has now dispelled it.
This column has now seen a copy of pilot No Kum-Sok's revealing
report. Its publication won't particularly disturb the Pentagon, but
should seriously disturb the Russians; for it shows in great detail how
Sixty-Fourth Year
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Helene Simon...........Associate Editor
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