rAGE FOURt THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1953 Which Way *Will Kashm'ir Go? KASHMIR, THE "heaven of the Himala- yas" of the Victorian British. has been a bone of contention between Hindu India and Moslem Pakistan since the two coun- tries were partitioned six years ago. Before the partitioning both Kashmir and Pakis- tan were part of Great Britain's Indian em- pire. In 1947, after being invaded by Pakis- tan, Kashmir reuested accession to the new India although still retaining her own government. Since then Pakistan has nibbled away pieces of the former Indian state causing many Kashmiri to elect India as their champion. A status quo seemed to have been reach- ed early this year-there had been no new transfer of territory to Pakistan. Then in August the Indo-Pakistani con- flict over Kashmir came into world atten- tion again. Sheikh Abdullah, Kashmir's prime minister, was arrested and his gov- ernment overthrown by Bakshi Ghulam Ma- homed, for all intents and purposes an In- dian stooge. Since his rise to power, Bakshi has at- tempted to reform Abdullah's reforms. Us- ing food ration increases to gain the peo- ples' confidence. Bakshi's government has restored free trade, decreased prices, low- ered water rates and raised the wages of government servants. Sheikh .Abdullahs .government .had. .brought left-wing socialism and methods of nationalism that seemed radical to the politically inexperienced Kashmiri. The pre- sent denationalization program for Kashmir has the financial backing of India, although India claims no part in the government's overthrow. Immediately following Abdullah's arrest the prime ministers of Pakistan and India, Mohamnied Ali and Jawaharlal Nehru, met in New Delhi and agreed upon a plebiscite to determine the future of Kashmir where Indian and Pakistani troops are still facing each other across an uneasy cease-fire line enforced by the UN. There are two important points in the agreement: First, by April 30, 1954. India and Pakistan will choose an impartial plebiscite administrator. Secondly, they will decide on the number of troops to re- main in Kashmir during the voting. The first part of this agreement is a slap in the face to the United Nations which had already appointed Admiral Chester W. Nim- itz to act as the administrator. The two countries have not reached a decision con- cerning the number of military forces as yet. When the people of Kashmir are allow- ed to vote it seems likely that they will favor remaining with India since they have lived under a beneficial Indian-fi- nanced government. Along with her vital industries and re- sources, Kashmir's geographical importance as a guard of an approach to India from the northwest makes her future status, whether as part of India or Pakistan or as an inde- penent country, a vital matter to both the free world and the Iron Curtain countries. Janet Ford No Rooni For the Specialists AS MODERN WARFARE continues to branch into technical and scientific fields, the armed forces are faced with a ba- sic policy question of how to deal fairly with senior officers who have become specialists in these areas. The present policy for promoting offi- cers to the geieral and admiral ranks fa- vors those men who have a broad back- ground in various phases of military life and tends to disfavor those who have spe- cialized in any one phase. Thus, those officers who are now concentrating in the newer fields of guided missiles and ato- mic weapons may be at a disadvantage when they are considered for promotions in the higher ranks. After they have served a specified time in grade without promotion, they are automatically retir- ed, possibly at an early age and before their full usefulness to the country has been realized. Such is the case of Col. Bernt Balchen. Col. Balchen helped Admiral Byrd in his race to the North Pole, built air bases in Greenland during the war for use of planes ferrying across the Atlantic, and supplied the Norwegian underground via air under the nosesof the Nazi occupation forces. The Colonel was serving in Alaska when the Korean conflict erupted and his success there in continuing operations under ad- verse Arctic weather conditions led to his transfer to the Pentagon and subsequent assignment to develop an air base at Thule, Greenland-across the polar cap within striking distance of Soviet Russia. However, about a year ago Col. Balchen was returned to the Pentagon and since has had little to do with Arctic air operations. He is over the age and time in grade al- lowed for his rank and has been passed over for promotion to brigadier general, prob- ably because he lacks the broad background sought in general officers. The Navy recently met the same prob- lem with Rear Admiral Hyman Rickover, + MUSIC Korean Delivery Truck r At Hill Auditorium... Roberta Peters, coloratura soprano; assist- ed by Warner Bass, pianist, and Samuel Pratt, flutist A COLORATURA soprano faces the same problem as does the skilled violinist. The violinist who has a superhuman tech- nical command of his instrument may chose between a work of Paganini showing off in- strumental technique and pyrotechnics with the personal creative expression of the com- poser non-existent, or he may chose a work of Bach where the technical difficulties in playing the music are only a means to the musical projection of the comporser's crea- tive expression. The coloratura may chose an aria such as the Bell Song from Lakme where the au- dience can marvel at florid. superhuman passages in the very upper-strata of vocal range, or she may chose the aria, Der Holle Rache, from Magic Flute, where these dif- ficult vocal melismas flow naturally as part of the melodic line the composer has se- lected to portray a particular mood. Miss Roberta Peters, youthful colora- tura of the Metropolitan Opera Company, did a little of both in last night's concert opening the seventy-fifth season of the University Musical Society. But the Bell Song was not included in her program, and there were a handful of plain, ordi- nary soprano arias to go with the aria from Magic Flute, and the incredibly dif- ficult Grossmachtige Prinzessin from Strauss' Ariadne auf Naxos. to give the program some musical interest as well as virtuostic. Including encores the evening contained more than twenty selections: none of them so slight technically as to be called breath- ers. Miss Peters' voice never seemed to show strain from the undertaking which be- speaks the strength of her vocal equip- ment. She also never seemed to flounder in executing difficult passages, which was not true of her accompanists, particularly Mr. Bass who would miss in scale passages or even get ahead of the singer sometimes. But then never did either accompanist get in the way of the singer, always playing with restraint to let us know that Miss Pe- ters was the whole show. The consequence, however, was that the whole show became too much; some of its parts could have been left off. One "Lo, Here the Gentle Lark" where singer and flut- ist show how well they can sound like birds, xylophones, or each other, is enough. The addition of "Sweet Bird" from Handel's Il Pensieroso, "The Alpine Shepherdess," Adam's Bravura Variations, and a few oth- ers, didn't prove the point any better. The high point of the concert was Miss Peter's singing of the Strauss aria. In this work she showed a quality which is much more impressive than the mere instrumental facility of other selections. This was the many tonal changes her voice could undergo while yet commanding the technical pas- sages. With a conversational emphasis upon the tones, she was table to vocally express the scorn and delights in love which the aria declares: a style demanded in proper sing- ing of Strauss. In antithesis to the Strauss, such songs as Scarlatti's Qual farfalletta amante and Caccini's Amarilli, mia bella, were sung with straight-forward tone in the bel canto tradition, although there was a lean- ing toward the dramatic and operatic in both, as she would punctuate certain tones giving them a theatrical emphasis. Such a singer is of the theater. Posture evidenced this as much as singing. She sang Mozart's Batti Batti from Don Giovanni as if the audience were Masetto; Debussy's Romance in a relaxed position leaning on the piano; and the Bravura Variations in a slightly bent position accentuating the fact this work required the utmost skill in pre- sentation. The coloratura by nature has some quality of shrillness. After awhile this becomes te- dious to the audience Though this was true of Miss Peters, her tone when soft compenstated for it. Now that we have had a discursive pro- gram, it would be nice if future singers this year were allowed to sing song cycles or works of greater scope. -Donald Harris t~ VyIIl' 000,- \\ 7, 13A tette/' TO THE EDITOR The Daily welcomes communications from Its readers on matters of general Interest, and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words In length, defamatory or libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will be condensed, edited or withheld from publication at the discretion of the editors. N A A ltion.. . To the Editor: A GradS peaks ., , To the Editor: "G;IVE US the child for 8 years AFTER FIVE years at the Uni- and it will be a Bolshevik versity, the thought of leav- forever." ing Ann Arbor was not a pleasant Thus Lenin emphasized the im- one. However, this past June I portnce he Cmmuistsplac intook the great leap into the "cold" portance the Communists place in (if that can be said of Washing- education as a means of gaining ton} world, When school opened control of a person or a people. . this September I couldn't quite In accordance with this belief believe I would not be back. How the Communist conspiracy has could I exist without Canterbury spread a network of thousands of Club, West Quad, S.L., football Reds and their fellow travelers games, concerts and lectures? So, through the schools and colleges as other loyal alumni have done, of America. I subscribed to The Michigan To expose this network and pre- Daily. The first issues mentioned vent it from carrying out its dead- all these places and events, and ly plan have been the objectives gloom pervaded my being. ' I ., 1!1 ON THE WAShINGTON M ERRY-GO-R OUND WITH DREW PEARSON += == == =x== =- == I i of committees of the Congress. If' we desire our country to remain free it seems only common sense that we should support their work. The Student Legislature has be- fore it a motion which criticizes the investigations into the Com- munist threat to our educational system. The motion states that "untold harm" is being done toj academic freedom by these in- quiries. The answer to this charge seems evident. The Communist aim is to eliminate academic freedom completely; the Kremlin's thought control permits no free discussion of popular and unpopular ideas. To allow the Communists to op erate within our schools is to help: eliminate academic freedom. The passage of the Academic Freedom Motion by the Student Legislature would aid the Com- Then came the Daily of Septem- ber 27, and the names of the ush- ers for the Concerts were publish- ed. I looked at the list for famil- iar names, and was most pleasant- ly shocked to find a most famliar one, namely, my own. Several days later there appeared the names of the ushers for the Lecture Series. Again, my name was there. Perhaps a kind friend felt my salary as a GS-7 in the Defense Departmentbwould enablehme to commute between Washington and Ann Arbor.eHowever, since my capacity in that Agency will shortly be shifted to one paying $80 a month, I'm afraid that in- surmountable obstacle (courses)s have been placed in my path, though by coincidence I will be in town for the first of the extra concerts. Thank you anyway. If all this is due to the fact that I hae nmesake at 1 ichigan" 4 1 PAATTf( oF rrACTl,,v By JOSEPH ALSOP HONG KONG-"Don't look too much at the agony." Such is the motto of the wisest of the little group of specialists who are charged with peering through this win- dow into China and assessing developments there. The reason for this warning is all too good. The Peking government is trying to imitate the Soviet Union's remarkable feat of pulling a backward country up by its bootstraps. But over-populated China has neither the empty spaces nor the sur- plus resources that Russia benefitted from. hence the feat is bound to be infinitely more difficult and painful. The agony has visibly begun. China's hundreds of millions of little people, who once welcomed the disciplined Communists as a relief from the disordered rapacity of the Nationalist regime, are learning that ef- ficient rapacity is even worse. Hunger and death will stalk the land this winter. Even the security forces might not have been strong enough if the strain in Korea had not ended. But if you can be cold-blooded enough to take your eyes off the agony, other things which alas possess much greater strategic importance come rapidly into view. These are the first stages of Communist China's national development program. Like the inaugurators of every new Chi- nese dynasty in several millennia of his- tory, the Communists have given their first attention to internal communications and public irrigation works: Great water conservancy and irrigation projects are already well advanced on the Huai and Yellow Rivers. The ruined irrigation sys- tem of the rice bowl of the middle Yang- tse has been repaired. Simultaneously, an immense program of road and railroad construction has been pushed forward with surprising rapidity. A whole series of vital road and rail links has been constructed between parts of China which used to be connected only by coolie tracks over the hills and by air. Signifi- cantly, the Old Burma Road, the railroad from Yunnan province to the Indo-China border, and the road and rail approaches from Kwantung province to Indo-China, have all been repaired and in some cases greatly improved. Also significant are the military roads being pushed into the drab wastes of Chinhai and the wild mountains of Si- kang province (where the favorite hors d'oeurve of the half savage local tribes- people used to be -new born baby rats). These roads, plus the military roads that are being built into Tibet will put the Chinese in a position to look right down the throats of the Nepalese and the In- dians. Then, too, much work has already been done on the Chinese links of the two new- Trans-Asiatic railroads that the Soviets are building, to parallel the Trans-Siberian rail- 'road to the southwar's. Trains mav well he Mongolia within another two years. The link from Sinkiang province in Central Asia to Chungking at the headwaters of the Yangtse River navigation has got to cross the terrible Tien Shan mountains, and so will take longer; but a significant part of it is already built. While all this has been going on, the Com- munist regime has also been conducting an intensive geological survey of its huge land' area, in order to find new resources. By the typewriter as these words are written, is an announcement of results from Peking that sounds like all the optimistic prospec- tuses of all the optimistic mining compan- ies in history, rolled into one document. THE OFFICIAL claims need not be believ- ed. But it is also foolish to go on re- peating the old cliche, which was always phony, that "China has no natural re- sources except men." Oil, iron, coal in great quantities, copper, lead and other vital min- erals have either been newly discovered or are being extracted much more intensively from previously known sources. Finally, the actual work of industrializa- tion-lias also begun. Here th results are far less impressive, for the work is only just starting. Yet China is already self-suffi- cient in smaH arms and ammunition. The outlines of a textile industry like the Ja- panese industry in the old days can already be described. Manchuria is back into pro- duction on the heavy industrial side. In a decade or two, if all goes as the Peking leaders plan, China will have a very signi- ficant industry on the Russian model. The grand objective of all this gigantic effort, the transformation of China into a military industrial great power, will never be attained of course without end- less crises and famines and perhaps mas- sacres, upheavals in the lower ranks of leadership, shifts and changes of party line, and last but not least continuing aid from Russia. The grand objective will not be attained, either, without breaking and re-forming the basic patterns of Chinese life. It is just about 2,400 years since the Chinese legalists Han Fei-tse and the Lord Shang grimly developed their proto-Stalinism in the bloody chaos of the period of the warring states. It is just about 2,300 years since the real founder of the historic Chinese empire, the first Universal Emperor as he called himself, destroyed the old Chinese pattern of sacred feudalism and established the new pattern of the all-supreme state. The state the Chinese Communists are now establishing is not too unlike the design drawn by the Chin emperor and his legalist ministers, minus the Chinese fam- ily system that survived the destruction of sacred feudalism by the legalists. The Chinese family system is the pattern the W ASHINGTON-The most steadfast economizer in the Eisenhower? cabinet continues to be the man Ike leans on most heavily for ad- vice-Secretary of the Treasury George Humphrey. And Humphrey continues to argue that economy can come only from slicing large, generous hunks from the military budget. His views, revealed in a secret conference on the budget, give important insight into the kind of advice the President is getting from his most trusted adviser. "Mr. Dodge and I have appeared before the new Joint Chiefs of Staff," Secretary Humphrey told a secret meeting of the Senate Fi- nance Committee. "We have said, and I honestly believe, that there is no way a sufficient reduction in these (defense) expenditures can possibly be made by just cutting off fat, or just going along and fir- ing a stenographer there or a clerk here. The only way in the world where there is going to be anything accomplished is by a revision of these plans. "As I said in talking to Charlie Wilson, the day has gone by when we can put a little more chromium on a lamp or a bumper and get by with it. What we have to have is a brand new Chevrolet that will do twice as much and cost half as much." "Having your new Chiefs of Staff, they will be able to carry out the policies of the President in full harmony," observed Chair- man Gene Millikin, Colorado Republican. "They have been so instructed, sir," spoke up budget director Dodge. D Might I inject this?" broke in Sen. Ed Martin, Pehnsylvania Re- publican. "I have been a military man all my life, and I have advo- cated large appropriations for the defense side, but I am more fear- ful of internal financial collapse, as you mentioned a moment ago, than I am of outward aggression." BYRD ARGUES rTHE CLOSED-DOOR meeting started heating up when Secretary Humphrey and Sen. Harry Byrd of Virginia, both loud economy advocates, clashed. Byrd wanted to know about the $81,000,000,000 in unexpended balances that the government owes. Humphrey explain- ed that the money was already committed, and the government could- u't get out of paying it. "It's like the man who sends his wife out to furnish his house and supply all his goods, all on the basis of C.O.D.," the Secretary of the Treasury argued. "As these goods begin to be de- livered, these ,CO.D. items begin to come in, all those things which were bought months before, and he has to dig down in his pocket and pay those C.O.D.s." "If the situation is as serious as you say, I think the President of the United States is the only man who can control it," Byrd argued. "In my opinion, he has to step in here and do it. He can withhold these expenditures. He can impound them. He can do as Mr. Dodge knows, he can stop the payment of money, and that is what you haveI to do now until we straighten out this fiscal situation so somebodya can understand it.' BYRD HEATS UP munist conspiracy to end academ- please forgive me. That is reason ic freedom in America. enough for sympathies! --George Denison -Alan Berson '53 DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN (Continued from Page 2) Roger Williams Guild. Meet at the Guild House Friday evening at 8 o'clock to go on a "Buried Treasure Norway," Fri., Oct. 9, 210 Angell Hall' Hunt." Refreshments afterwards at the at 3 p.m. Chairman, K. C. McMurry. Guild House. Wear old clothes, The Young Friends Group will hoId a supper meeting at the Dunham home, Carillon Recital. Sidney Giles, As- 1911 Austin, from 6:30 to 8:00 tomor- sistant University Carillonneur, will row evening. Please phone Ann Winder continue his series of fall programs at 3-1780 today if you plan to come. at 7:15 Thursday evening, Oct. 8. The recital will include works by M. van Newman Club Fiesta will be held den Gheyn, Staf Nees, Anton Dvorak, Fri., Oct. 9, from 8 to 12. South Ameri- and a group of folk songs. Other pro- can dancing lessons will be given front ,grams will be played on Thursday 8 to 9 to those who are interested. Re- evenings through October. freshments and entertainment will be --- -provided. Everyone is welcome. Events Today International Center Weekly Tea will be held Thurs., Oct. 8, from 4:30 to La p'tite causette meets today 6 at the International Center. from 3:30 to 5:00 p.m. in the wingof the north room of the Michigan Union Christian Science Organization. Tes- cafeteria. timony meeting Thurs., Oct. 8, at 7:30, ---l CFireside Room, Lane Hall. All are wel- Colee Conferen come. ,.I steering Committee wilt hold a meet- ing at 4 p.m. In Dean Robertson's of- fice in Angell Hall. Young Republicans. General meet-! ing today at 7:30 p.m. in the Union. Enrollment of new members. Speaker: David W. Kendall, Republican Nationalj Committeeman for Michigan. Visitors welcome. Attention All Students Interested in Marketing. The U. of M. Student Mar- keting;club of the American Marketing; The Congregational-Disciples Guild. Supper hike Fri., Oct. 9. Meet at Guild House at 5:05 p.m. Episcopal Student Foundation. Tea from 4 to 6 at Canterbury House, Fri., Oct. 9. Episcopal Student Foundation, Fri- day Lecture Series. Third Lecture in series, The Rt. Rev. Dudley B. McNeil, Bishop of Western Michigan, speaking oan terbury Hsetia an HeisHVralon Association wvil meet today at 3 p.m. -- --- - -'' "WELL SENATOR, I hate to disagree with you on that," objected in 130 Business Administration Build- ing. Humphrey, "but it just seems to me that when you say the ing. Plans for valuable programs, pro- Oc1Epi0 CidStudent Foundation. Sat. President can stop the payment of the money, that it is not a prac- jects, and field trips will be made. terbury House following the game, for tical thing." Alsoehio g movie,to astudemportance students and their parents. "Then you see no possibility of reducing expenditures from the freshments will be served. present level?" demanded Byrd,.Happa Phi. There will be an infor- "Now wait a minute!" snapped Humphrey. "I didn't say that!" mal rushing picnic at 5:15 p.m. at the "Wait a minute! Let me finish!" bristled the Virginia Sen- Methodist Church for all actives and ator. "Under the Eisenhower budget, you are going to spend this rushees. _____ 4IjhflI year exactly the same as Mr. Truman spent under the Truman The Poetry Staff of Generation will budget last year." hold a general meeting for all inter- "That is, right," acknowledged Humphrey, simmering down. Generation Ofice, Student Publica- "How are you going to get these cuts made and get reductions?" tions Building. Byrd flashed. "We are going to get them made. We have started already," pro- The Congregational-Disciples Guild, IMid-Week meditation, Douglas Chapel,,- mised the Secretary of the Treasury. He went on to explain that 5 to 5:30 p.m. future appropriations had been cut $13,000,000,000 and that ex-Presi- IU. ofetM. Sailing Club, Inc. will hold - dent Truman's estimate of expenditures had been whittled down. a eeting at 7 is evin n "You will spend the same money you spent last year," inter- West Engineering Building. Arrange- rupted Byrd. "I have your figures right here that you gave me. cnnati rtransportati n to dhwilb Sixty-Fourth Year You are going to spend 574,000,000,000 this year, and you spent completed. Edited and managed by students of 574,000,000,000 last year . ... what I pay attention to is what was the University of Michigan under the actually expended. I don't judge by some erroneous estimate Mr. Junior Girls Play. Mass meeting to- authority of the Board in Control of night, 7:30 p.m., at the League. A pre- Student Publications. Truman made, or somebody else made." view of the play and information on __uden __Pubica____. "There isn't anybody in God's world who can come in here and tryouts and committee will be given. cancel orders that have been standing for two or three years," shot All junior girls are urged to attend. Editorial Staf back Humphrey. Later he reassured Byrd: "We may not be heavy Industrial Relations Club will hold Harry Lunn.........Managing 'Editor enough to hold the lid down, but you have both Mr. Dodge and me its first meeting of the year this even- Eric Vetter..............City Editor, ing at 7:30 in the Student Lounge of Virginia Voss........ Editorial Director sittingMonRit.''.CItheBusiness Administration Building Mike Wolff... Associate City Editor RE TAX REDUCTIODr. John Riegel, Alice B. Silver.. Assoc. Editorial Director rUHE TREASURY SECRETARY also revealed that he expects fur- author and educator in the field of DHeene simo .... Asociate Editor I ~~~~~~~~~personnel relations, will be guest speak- HeeeSmn....AscaeEio ther tax reductions, even after the excess-profits tax dies and er, due to the illness of Mr. Meyer Ivan Kaye..............Sports Editor income taxes are reduced at the end of this year. Ryder. Everyone invited. Paul Greenberg. ... Assoc. Sports Editor _______Marilyn Campbell .. Women's, Editor "If the new tax law is to make further reductions," he said, alpha Phi Omega. There will be an Kathy Zeisler.. Assoc. Women's Editor "and personally-I don't see how it can help but make some further executive committee meeting tonight at Don Campbell......Head Photographer reductions-" 7:30 in Club 600, South Quadrangle. "Mr. Secretary," interrupted Senator Kerr, "do you meanbeyond rhe open meeting has been postponed Business, Staff those ta " untilOct.1Thomas Treeger......Business Manager "'The new tax bill, supposedly a revision bill, will necessarily Hillel Foundation presents Music-for- H elliam Kaufman Advertisin Manager All, classical music on a Hi Fi sound HalleanmHanidn. .Ac.. BuinessManger have tax-reduction features which might amount to a couple billion system tonight at s p.m. Everyone is Wiiam Seiden. Finance Manager dollars, is that correct?" suggested chairman Millikin. welcome. James Sharp.... Circulation Manager "That's right," agreed Humphrey. "I don't see how it can helpSI t~ Be i. aha'i uent Discussion Group will Telephone 23-24.1 to be sis. meet tonight at 8 p.m. in Lane Hall .__ "Our own staff also miscaRlculated." confessed M~lillikin -meekly. Tonic for this week's inter-racial andI -J f Communists are breaking. 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