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PAGE FOUR

T HE MICHIGAN DAILY'

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1953

I U H
I U


On East-West Crisis-
Conferences But No Pacts

RENEWED TALK of peace pacts, agree-
ments and non-aggression treaties should
hardly serve to alleviate America's fears of
a third world war. At no time in history have
such agreements proved effective in prevent-
ing wars or the use of unbelievably horrible
weapons. It is only logical that if a nation is
going to wage war, it will do so in the most
effective way possible. If the aggressor
deems it advantageous to make use of atom-
ic weapons, hydrogen bombs or other simi-
lar horrors, such weapons will be used. Na-
tions disdain the employment of certain
weapons only when they feel more vulnerable
than they believe their enemies to be.
Americans too easily slip into the com-
placent feeling that other peoples in the
world are as prone to keep promises as
our own country has been. But such hy-
potheses are not justified in any way.
Most people in the world have a far lower
standard of living than do we. In areas
where thousands of people live on a single
acre of land, in countries nearly devoid of
usable natural resources, the foremost goal
of life is mere survival. Any attempts of
ours to impose binding . promises upon
these superficially polite nations are not
realistic and only make America seem fool-
ish to foreign eyes.
A further difficulty of even aiming at
a peace pact agreement would be the dif-
ficulty of defining aggression. The Eastern
Bloc might easily agree, for instance, to in-
cluding financial aid to a foreign warring
country in the definition, but this inclusion
would mean that American aid to the French
in Indo-China or South Korea would be a
clear breach of the pact and would give
the Eastern Bloc an effective propaganda
measure to broadcast throughout the world.
It would be extremely difficult, on the oth-
er hand, for the Western nations to prove
that Russia was giving any sort of aid to
communist revolutions, due partly to the ef-
fectiveness of the bamboo and iron curtains
surrounding the vast communist empire and
partly to the seemingly internal nature of
communist-inspired revolutions and coups
d'etats.
This is not to say, however, that America

and the West nations should not seek some
agreement with communist-dominated coun-
tries. Any attempt to promote peace is worth
while provided that no agreements are
reached which would compromise the fun-
damental principles of the United States and
its allies. Because of the terrifying and bar-
baric quality of weapons invented here and
abroad since the last war, every attempt
possible should .be made to prevent the ad-
vent of another war, whether it be world-
wide or not. Indeed, if America entered into
a round-table discussion with our cold-war
enemies, with an open mind not committed
by an sub rosa discussions, many areas of
agreement might be secured on the German,
Austrian and Chinese problems. Conceivably
a sound compromise might be reached under
which the United States would recognize
Red China, both as a country on the map
and as one with a vote in the United Nations
in order to secure free open elections in Ger-
many and Austria which would unite each
of the countries. It is not likely, however,
that either the Republican Old Guard or
Southern Dixiecrats would ever agree to
seating Red China in the United Nations, no
matter how many gains were made in the
agreement.
Propaganda, however, would be the main
advantage of securing any peace pact at
all. A peace conference might well be a
step forward in renewing the strained
friendships of America's war-torn Euro-
pean allies, where neutralism and pacifism
is replacing nearly all former traces of ag-
gressiveness.
But propaganda is all that such a confer-
ence is likely to secure. Neither America nor
Russia has shown any significant signs fa-
vorable to reaching compromises on the ma-
jor problem which divide East and West.
It would be well to have a conference with
the East Block to see what agreements can
be reached at present on world-wide prob-
lems, but for Americans to assume that such
a conference should attempt to draft a peace
pact which would be forever binding on any
country is unwise and unrealistic.
-Dorothy Myers

Someone Strike
The Yankees Out
IT IS THE FIRST WEEK in October, 1954.
The New York Yankees have just won
their sixth straight World Series. Although
there are a few exuberant fans celebrating
in Manhattan bistros, a general pall has
fallen over the city.
Outside the gates of Yankee stadium,
a cluster of peanut vendors is seen.
First vendor: "Six straight years of post-j
season games. Men, this is too much over-a
time. We time. We gotta do something." #
Second vendor: "Penants, peanuts. Ltt's
strike."
Peanut vendors of the nation unite and
strike. They are joined by fellow sympa-
thizers, the popcorn vendors. The movie
industry relinquishes its last straw and
collapses.
Meanwhile, baseball statisticians are hold-
ing a hurried conference. Deciding that the
constant setting of new records by the Yan-
kees is demanding extra man hours, they
agree to delete the word Yankees from their
compilations.
Over in the baseball commissioners' office,
pandemonium has broken loose. In a mass
move, managers of other major league teams
have agreed to boycott the Yankees in the
next season of play. This is highly irregular.
Moreover, Ford Frick has just heard that
the options of three bottom-place teams plus
that of the Dodgers are being dropped. An
influx of new players in the Mexican league
is foreseen.
There is no joy in Manhattan. Subway
operators, worn out from the series rush,
are taking a holiday. Commerce and in-
dustry in the nation's largest city is stop-
ped. Dodger rooters have barricaded Brook-
lyn Bridge and traffic is hoplessly snarled.
This is no idle dream. Yesterday's affair
proves that it could happen here. The Yan-
kee monopoly must be busted.
-Diane Decker

Two Terrific Reports
(4MCI WS.t
JOHN q. PUBLIC ^
jj~lRA~t'Af~5(
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ette/P TO THE EDITOR
The Daily welcomes communications from Its readers on matters of
general interest, and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer
and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words In length, defamatory or
libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will
be condensed, edited or withheld from publication at the discretion of the
editors.

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ON THE
WASHINGTON
MERRY-GO-ROUND
WITH DREW PEARSON

f"'

Victory for Malang
h1 d I t Mut C Goncalee

J USTICE RECEIVED a severe setback in
South Africa last week when Prime
Minister Daniel F. Malan's Nationalist par-
ty won a majority vote in Parliament, vali-
dating a cut down of the voting rights of
persons with mixed blood.
Just two weeks ago Dr. Malan failed to
get a needed two-thirds vote which is re-
quired to make such action constitution-
al;, yesterday, in the bill's first reading,
his once invalidated attempt to smother
the voices of 50,000 succeeded. These non-
voting citizens of South Africa now have
the right to vote for only four Parliament
members, all of them white.
Perhaps part of the explanation for re-
newed Malan strength is the division of
opinion in the opposition United Party,
Within the party, two wings-the liberal
and progressive--are operating, the former
willing to compromise on the limited non-
white vote, the latter opposing squarely the
segregation of voters.
The white man in Africa, because he is in
a minority, definitely has a problem. He sees
a threat to his society because Africans are
awakening to their state of subjugation and
desire to become a speaking people. He has
a choice. He may open the doors of oppor-
tunity to the South Africans, and hope that
the resultant loyalty to a common society

will prevent the development of white-black
irreconcilability. Or he may attempt to
maintain white supremacy, which is the
answer of Dr. Malan.
There seems to be no solution to the prob-
lem by taking the latter step however, for
the South Africans who number 12,000,000
(only 2,500,000 of them white) have shown
signs that they will no longer be silent in
the political and economic problems of the
country.
The use of force which has so far been
the practice of Malan, will bring to the
forefront among non-whites those leaders
who also believe in violent methods as the
est way of achieving their ends.
Compromise with the Nationalist Malan
forces, which is being proposed by one wing
of the United party, does not seem to be a
wise move. The more progressive wing is
working not only to reverse the just-ap-
proved Malan bill, which takes away the
vote of mixed-bloods, but also to gain the
franchise for all of South Africa's citizens.
Along with an education program which
would teach South Africans the rights and
responsibilities of a voting people, the pro-
gressive faction's plan of action seems to be
the least expensive answer, and the most
just.
-Pat Roelofs

MATTER OF FACT
By STEWART ALSOP
WASHINGTON-In the last few months,
as has happened periodically since the
war, there has been a rising under-current
of nervousness about the national economic
future. It is therefore interesting that our
European allies have been officially assured
that no really serious economic setback is
expected by the Eisenhower administration.
The Europeans have also been assured that
the Administration will take immediate and
vigorous measures to deal with the threat
of a depression, if such a threat develops.
These assurances were conveyed to the
Europeans by Dr. Gabriel Hauge, special
economic adviser to President Eisenhow-
er. The President sent Hauge to Europe
to represent the United States at a recent
meeting of the Organization for European
Economic Cooperation. Hauge soon dis-
covered that the Europeans are a good
deal more worried about the danger of
an American depression than about the
danger of 'Soviet aggression.
This is natural enough. The British re-
member all too vividly how a rather slight
fall-off in the American economy in 1949,
which most Americans hardly noticed, came
close to bankrupting Britain, The other
Europeans are almost equally aware of how
disastrous an American depression would be
to them. Thus Hauge found himself being
treated as a sort of trans-oceanic oracle.
Hauge was endlessly bombarded by three
questions, which were repeatedly asked him
in one form or another. These questions
were.
Is there going to be a depression in the
United States?
Is administration economic policy increas-
ing this danger?
If a depression threatens, what does the
Administration propose to do about it?
In view of Hauge's position on the
White House staff, what he had to say in
answer to these questions should interest
Americans at least as much as the Euro-
peans. According to reliable report, Hau-
ge's answers-necessarily somewhat hed-
ged about, as in the case of all economic
oracles-may be listed about as follows:
1. At some point before the end of 1954,
there is likely to be some sort of "readjust-
ment"-for which read a downward dip in
the economy. This may be accompanied by
a temporary increase in unemployment-as
was the case in 1949-but it should not be
serious. Moreover, Hauge told the anxious
Europeans, the best guess is that by the end
of 1954, the economy will again have reach-
ed a new high. In short, the economy will
continue to grow, although the over-all
rate of growth is likely to be somewhat
slower than in recent war-stimulated years.
2. On the second point, Hauge assured
the Europeans that the Eisenhower admin-
istration firmly believes in an expanding
economy, and will do everything it can to
promote it. Equally, the Eisenhower ad-
ministration does not believe in taxation by
creeping inflation. But the Administration
has no intention of fighting inflation after
inflation is already dead.
3. The Administration has no inten-
tion whatsoever of standing idly by, if the
disaster of a depression threatens. This
assurance caused a sigh of relief among
the Europeans, many of whom had viewed
a Republican administration as a rever-

WASHINGTON-The public hasn't heard much about Harvey "Doc"
Higley, new boss of the Veterans Administration, but the nation'sY
20,219,000 veterans can be thankful he's their new administrator.
The 61-year-old Wisconsin manufacturer has all the basic quali-
ties required by the gigantic job-integrity, intelligence, and a deept
conviction that "people are more important than anybody."
"Here at the V.A.," says Higley, "we deal directly with the
most important thing in the world. We deal with people. The
Post Office Department handles letters, the Treasury works with
money, and the State Department negotiates diplomacy. In that
sense, the V.A. is bigger than all of them-we deal in people."
And when Higley says "we," he means himself and his 167,000
employees.
"I don't have any big changes in mind," says Higley. "I've got a
highly trained, competent outfit. I've brought in only one new man.
The V.A. is like a watch factory. You just can't change personnel and
expect to get the job done.
"The public has the wrong impression of government workers,"t
claims the Wisconsin Republican. "I've found them devoted to their1
jobs although they're frequently underpaid. I only wish the American1
public appreciated what a great group of people they've got workingt
for them."c
The agency Higley bosses is a giant among government bur-
eaus. Its annual budget is $4,250,000,000. It operates 114,000j
hospital beds, supervises the affairs of 316,000 incompetents and
minors, mails out 65,000,000 checks a year valued at more than
$5,000,000,000, handles $43,000,000,000 in G.I. insurance, has guar-
anteed or insured loans to 3,500,000 vets, and has contributed toj
the education and training of more than 7,000,000 vets.
The most difficult and distressing problem of this whole compli-
cated job, Higley indicates, is the V.A. mental patients.-
"They're good and brave boys," he says. "We're doing everything
we can for them. But when I talk to the psychiatric patients, I see:
the full responsibility of my job-and, frankly, it frightens me."
Higley, a World War I vetean who lost a son in World War II,
was formerly chairman of the board of the Ansul Chemical Co.,
Marinette, Wis. He was appointed V.A. administrator with the back-
ing of all the major veterans organizations.
SUBSIDIZING COAL SHIPMENTS
JOHN L. LEWIS is privately sounding out government officials on a]
plan to put rusting American merchant vessels back on the seven
seas. He also proposes some stiff competition with iron curtain coun-
tries.
Briefly, the United Mine Workers chief wants to use idle liberty
ships to transport coal to Europe and Asia under a three-cornered
deal between the UMW, the coal industry and the government.
A considerable quantity of coal burned in Western Europe and
Southeast Asia comes from Communist mines in Poland and
Czechoslovakia where cheap labor permits Red producers to un-
dersell free world competitors. Communist coal is also cheaper
because of high charter rates on overseas coal shipments, due to
insurance by Lloyd's of London.
However, Lewis proposes that insurance rates be reduced by a
two-fold surety system whereby the government would insure the
liberty ships and the mine workers and the coal industry together
would insure the coal cargoes.
"If the government can insure banks," says Lewis, "there's no
reason why, on a smaller scale, the government cannot partly insure
an enterprise that would boost our export trade and provide more
work for coal miners, seamen, and railroad workers getting the coal
to the seaports.
"I am confident free Europe would prefer to do business with
us, rather than the Communists, particularly if we can meet the
price of or undersell coal from behind the Iron Curtain. Italy
must import practically all its coal so must parts of Southeast
Asia. We can do business in this market to the mutual advantage
of all concerned, provided the government will lease us the liberty
ships and agree to partially defray the insurance costs of the
operations.''
Lewis estimates that the United States could sell an additional
50,000,000 tons of coal annually under his plan-10 per cent of our
current national production. The export plan, he says, would pro-
vide an extra day's employment for 350,000 soft coal miners, many of
whom are now working only three days a week.
BRAINS VS. BRAWN
IT HASN'T erupted into the open, but the armed services are feuding
furiously again over which service should get more brains and less'
brawn.
The Air Force contends that it takes a higher IQ to operate
the complicated gadgets in the airplane business than to scramble
over an obstacle course or shoot a rifle in the Infantry. There-
fore, it wants the brainiest men from the new draftees. The Navy
maintains that ships and submarines also require a high men-
tality, while the Army absolutely refuses to be stuck with all
the dunces and dopes.
The issue was supposed to have been settled on April 2, 1951, when
the Defense Department ruled that the Navy and Air Force would
have to take their share of the mental misfits. Thereafter, all new
recruits were processed through intelligence tests, and the three ser-
vices were given an equal ration of brains and boneheads.
However, the Air Force now complains that it can't get enough!
skilled technicians, that it could use some of the brainy boys who
are using their feet more than their heads in'the Army. On paper the
Air Force has enough manpower. But it claims so many are un-
qualified that it is 40 per cent short of skilled workers in the strategic
air command alone. Other commands are even worse off.

John Mars hall . ,.
To the Editor:
IT IS VERY evident that Miss
Ford has had very few history
courses for I doubt that Prof. Peek
made the statement that John
Marshall wasn't even a lawyer.
The Daily should stick to re-
cording history not rewriting it.
-Robert Frey
Lawyers Club
**M *M
Art Exhibit . .
To the Editor:
YOUR ART CRITIC, writing in
Sunday's issue, appears to be
under a misapprehension about the
conditions under which the Eski-
mo stone carvings currently being
shown in the Museum of Art's
Alumni Memorial Hall exhibit were
produced. These works were col-
lected from the scattertd semi-
nomads dwelling in the Canadian
Eastern Arctic, on the shores of
Hudson Bay and on Baffin Island
-not in Alaska: into these barren
wastes the concepts of aesthetic
purpose, mass production and
tourist consumption have not yet
penetrated.
James A. Houston, the young
painter who collected these works
under a subsidy from the Canadi-
an government, will doubtless
make this clearer in his illustrated
University lecture, "Eskimo Stone
Carvers," to be given this Thurs-
day afternoon in Auditorium B,
Angell Hall.
--Jean Paul Slusser
Director, Museum of Art
'. * *
LYL & the Atty. General
To the Editor:
ON APRIL 23, the Attorney Gen-
eral petitioned the "Subvers-
ive Activities Control Board" to
order the Labor Youth League and
eleven other organizations to "reg-
ister" under the McCarran Act.
This is the first time in our his-
tory that a youth organization has
been subjected to direct political
persecution and youth leaders
threatened with political impris-
onment.
In Section 2, the McCarran Act
justifies itself by referring to "sab-
atage," "espionage," "terrorism,"
infiltration," "treachery," and oth-
er lurid crimes. However, we are
not accused of any of these acts.
Rather, the crux of the case
against us is that we are guilty
of certain thoughts. The thoughts
we have, asserts the Attorney Gen-
eral, are the result of Communist
domination. Consequently the LYL
is a "Communist Front."
It doesn't seem to matter that
hundreds of other organizations
also have the same thoughts. For
instance, we are charged with hav-
ing urged a cease-fire in Korea. It
doesn't matter whether the major-
ity of Americans agreed with this
idea, or that history proved it to
be a realistic policy.
We are charged with advocating
the defeat of UMT. It doesn't mat-
ter that a majority of Congress
also opposed UMT.
We are charged with opposition
to the arrest of Roosevelt Ward.
It doesn't matter that all nine jus-
tices of the Supreme Court agreed
and ordered Ward to be released.
The only thing that matters is:
we are uncompromisingly against
everything that McCarthyism

stands for, and the McCarthyites
are out to destroy every organiza-
tion and individual that opposes
their policies.
Through the McCarran Act, the
ideas of McCarthy, Jenner, Velde,
Clardy, etc., are being set up as
the criteria by which legality of
thought and action are to be
judged. Any deviation from these
standards is labelled as the crime
of "Communist thinking." The
thing which is actually being made
a crime,,however, is opposition to
McCarthyism.
The implications of this case
are so far-reaching as to endan-
ger every organization which does
not conform to McCarthyite think-
ing. We participate in the McCar-
ran Board proceedings only under
protest. Because of the unprece-
dented and alarming nature of
the case, we feel the need of all
possible expression of opinion and
advice.
-Mike Sharpe, Chairman
Labor Youth League
Interpreting The News

By J. M. ROBERTS Jr.
Associated Press News Analyst
LEADING Frenchmen are telling
American authorities that their
country will not be able to carry
the economic burden of the Euro-
pean Defense Community unless
she can export more goods either
to the United States or to the
Communist satellites in Eastern
Europe.
No matter how hard the French
tug at their own bootstraps, they
say, the United States is going to
have to change some of its own
trade policies or its policy toward
East-West trade in Europe.
The United States and Brit-
ain already have given France
guarantees that she will not be
caught out alone against a re-
armed Germany which Paris
fears is the tail which may
eventually try to wag the Euro-
pean dog. Britain is preparing
to go even farther with arrange-
ments for cooperation with
EDC.
Now France is emphasizing that
the whole Western defense pro-
gram must rest on an economic
base which requires coordination
just as much as the military.
The idea of a world economic
conference is being revived. It
mostly boils down to a continua-
tion 9f the European campaign
to get the United States to move
toward freer trade. 'The matter
is being considered carefully, and
there is a tendency among admin-
istration leaders to do something.
Congress seems to, lean the other
way, being subject to the insistent
demands of specific industries for
continued, and even increased,
tariff protection.
The Europeans make a great
deal of noise about the need for
other-American-markets if the
United States continues its pol-
icy against trade with the East.
They imply that they are mak-
ing great sacrifices to cooper-
ate with this policy and are en-
titled to greater consideration.
This is only partially true. Trade
with what is now the Communist
sphere wouldn't be what it used
to be even if there were no cold
war restrictions.
AL BULLETINI
Roger Williams Guild. Yoke Fellow-
ship meets in the Church Prayer Room
Thurdaykmorning at 7 a.m. Devotions
and breakfa'st.
Sixty-Fourth Year
Edited and managed by students of
the University of Michigan under the
authority of the Board in Control of
Student Publications.
Editorial Staff
Harry Lunn.........Managing Editor
Eric Vetter. .......City Editor
Virginia Voss........ Editorial Director
Mike Wolff......Associate City Editor
Alice B. Silver. Assoc. Editorial Director
Diane Decker. ........ Associate Editor
Helene Simon .......... Associate Editor
Ivan Kaye...............Sports Editor
Paul Greenberg... . Assoc. Sports Editor
Marilyn Campbell.Women's Editor
Kathy Zeisler.. Assoc. Women's Editor
Don Campbell......Head Photographer
Business Staff
Thomas Treeger......Business Manager
William Kaufman Advertising Manager
Harlean Hankin .Assoc. Business Mgr.
William Seiden......Finance Manager
James Sharp.....Circulation Manager
Telephone 23-24-1
Member

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CURRENs T mOV IES

A t the Michigan .. .
INFERNO, a 3-D film with Robert Ryan
and Rhonda Fleming
CONSIDERING the low level of all previous
stereoscopic ventures, this effort is on
the encouraging side. It shows, if nothing
else, that Hollywood is not going to con-
tinue to throw things at its audiences. There
is an incidental rock slide and a flung lan-
tern which they could not resist, but one
did not get the idea that they had built for
a half hour strictly for the purpose of the
effect.
Indeed, for a change, it is quite
possible to look past the gimmicks to a
reasonably diverting adventure story in
which a rugged business executive on a
desert mining expedition is thrown off a
horse and left to die by his wife and her
friend. The executive, well played by Rob-
ert Ryan, is not a likeable gentleman, but
proves a determined one in his quest to
stay alive while his wife and rival are
sweating out the search for him at a
nearby resort.
The triangle situation thus produced, while
not exactly unconventional, proceeds in fair-
ly plausible fashion until very close to the
end, and there are several peaks of physical
suspense as Ryan, with a broken leg, grap-

corded through "thought narration," an or-
dinarily uncomfortable device which comes
off fairly well in this film. At least, the
irony of the hero's thoughts give the man-
against-nature situation a touch of color.
Technically, the camera goes about its
business with a minimum of pretentious-
ness. The stereoscopic lens catches the
expanse of the desert well and, except
for a few spots where the print was worn,
the visual effort seeemed less extreme than
is usually required. Maybe this was because
the story had some natural as well as ar-
tifical depth.
Which reminds me of a situation which
Jack Benny has done:
Benny: (On entering theater where 3-D
movie is showing) Usher, oh usher, can you
find us some seats?
Usher: I can't. I'm in the movie.
--Bill Wiegand
THE FIERCE VITALITY of the Germans,
more than any other factor, can con-
tribute to galvanize the will to live of the
other European peoples-or else once more,
for the last time, run amuck and destroy
both Europe and Germany. At present the
contrast is sharp between Germany's
strength, which since the last election has
become the political strength of the Ger-

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I DAILY OFFICI.
(Continued from Page 2)
to interest others in it on Wednesday
evening, call Grey Austin at Lane Hall
today.
The Congregational-Disciples Guild.
Tea at Guild House today from 4:30 to
6 p.m.
Episcopal Student Foundation. Tea
from 4 to 6 at Canterbury House.
Students for Democratic Action will
hold their first meeting of the year
this evening a 7:30 p.m., Room 3-B,
Union. Speaker and important business
are on the agenda.
"La Tertulia" of the Sociedad His-
panica will meet at 3:30 p.m. at the in-
ternational Center. Refreshments will
be served, Very informal. All are wel-
come.
Square and Folk Dancing. New rec-
ords, new dances, a variety of callers.
Everyone welcome. Lane Hall, 7:30-10:00
p.m.
Coming Events
Meet the Press. Find out "What It's
Like to Be a Newsman in Calcutta,
Baghdad, Amsterdam, Athens, and Par-
is"-an informal program in observance
of National Newspaper Week, 8 to 10
p.m., Wed., Oct. 7, 1447 Mason Hall.
Sponsored by the' Department of
Journalism, especially for freshmen
and other new students on the cam-
pus to become acquainted with De-
partment facilities, staff members, and
Journalism students-such as the five
foreign editors and newsmen on the
panel discussion Exhibits, tours, and
refreshments.

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