PAGE.,FOUR THE MICHIGAN DAILY FRIDAY, MAY 22, 1953 Big Three Conference NEWS THAT the Western Big Three pow- ers-Great Britain, the United States and France-will meet in June has struck a hopeful note in the muddled situation in which the Allies now find themselves. Relations between these three countries have been increasingly strained during the past year.Bitter attacks against top members of Britain's government have even taken place on Capitol Hill recently, over problems which may well be resolv- ed when Eisenhower, Churchill and a new French Premier confer. Most important of these problems is a consideration of what policy the Allies will take now that the Russians have, on the surface, released some of the pressure of the Cold War. This conference may even pave the way for a Big Four meeting next fall with Malenkov, but before such a meet- ing, the Allies should formulate a common policy on as many points as possible. Exchange of prisoners in Korea should be included as a "must" item in the agenda of the conference, since Britain and France have often failed to understand America's opposition to forceable repatriation of Chi- nese and Korean POW's. America, in turn, has failed to under- stand the problem that Europe faces in being forced into a dollar shortage be- cause we have refused to trade ot any large scale with them. Perhaps the Big Three powers can agree on a more lib- eral reciprocal trade policy which is neces- sary if Europe is to maintain some sem- blance of economic stability. The three countries might well adopt a compromise plan under which the United States would lower its present high tariffs and other trade barriers if France and Britain would agree to further the European Defense Community. Although it is overly optimistic to hope for complete resolution of all problems be- tween the Allied powers, the conference it- self should certainly help to knit the Allies into the common front that is necessitated by the Cold War, and to unite all three in preparation for a fall meeting with Malen- kov. It is most important, however, that in the present conference the United States take the position of a leader of the Allies, rather than a dictator of them. Only if such a tone is adopted by Eisenhower can the United States hope for any agreement be- tween the Allies. -Dorothy Myers mUSIC 'HEPERFORMANCE last night of the University Choirs was magnificent. It was a triumph for the performers and their director, Maynard Klein, and a significant and excitin gexperience for the audience. Tennyson has the character Ulysses speak of all experience as an arch through which gleams the untraveled world. At risk of stretching the allusion, each piece performed last night formed one such arch, each arch fitting into the next, all with the same beau- ty of contour. It finally formed an enormous vault over the listener-and an overwhelm- ing one. The first half of the program consisted of an interesting alternation between. six- teenth century and twentieth century re- ligious works. The Renaissance composers selected were Victoria, Isaac and Wert, while Kodaly, Poulenc, Bartok, Hindemith and Stavinsky represented the twentieth century choral tradition. Particularly well done were the first and third motements of Stravinsky's "Symphonie de Psaumes." This three movement symphony for chor- us and orchestra Stravinsky has spoken of as being a demonstration of his use of the thesis "art for art'i sake." His appli- cation of this being that one should learn to love music for itself--to judge it on a higher plane and realize its in- trinsie value, not to seek in it any emo- tions." This is interesting but he seems to present his -own antithesis and leave room for dispute when he chose for his text Psalms 38, 39 and 150 which indeed encourage an emotional source and re- sponse in their demands to praise the Lord and exalt Him. The choir projected wonderfully the strength of the first movement as well as the changing intensities of the last move- ment. The lack of orchestra was hardly felt with Mr. Doppmann's effective condensa- tion to pianistic means of the instrumental colors. The Mozart "Requiem" occupied the sec- opld half of the program. Here the four soloists-Ruth Orr, Mary Roosa, Charles Green, and Robert Kerns--full choir, Mary Hatchins, accompanist and Mr. Klein began a steady crescendo toward perfection from the start. The beautifully matched ensemble of the soloists in the "Recordare" movement and the choir's performance of the "Hostias" movement was especially indicative of the SCIENTIFIC HUCKSTERS: Advertising & Sociology .. oLetterj to Ike &citore. DURING THE past decade, advertisers have eagerly dug into the reservoir of psychological and sociological research in order to find more effective methods for in- creasing sales. To meet the demand, some scientists have become the hirelings of the merchandising hucksters. Recently there appeared an article in The Nation which attempted to explain the advertisers' interest in social-scien- tific data. The theory behind this rela- tively new demand for psychological in- vestigastion in marketing research is that by obtaining a better understanding of human behavior and attitudes, business- men will be able to launch more effective advertising campaigns. Thus, top advertising agencies have in- vested huge sums in applied research on the assumption that the social scientist can provide very useful assistance in devising and developing sales-promotion techniques. The Psychological Corporation in New York. and Social Research, Inc., in Chicago are two applied social science outfits that have conducted marketing research in almost every field of selling and for almost every type of product. An example of how psychological and so- ciological knowledge has been used to in- crease sales is shown by a campaign to pro- mote gum-chewing in an Eastern Pennsyl- vania coal-mining area. The Institute of Psychoanalysis was consulted, and supplied three reasons for why people chew gum; 1) for oral comfort 2) for release of ten- sion 3) to express symbollic hostility and aggression. The advertising company took over from there, and worked out a series of comic-strip ads emphasizing how frustra- tion and tension can be relieved by chewing gum. A minimuM of words were used in the comic strips in order to reach a not too literate public. The results of the campaign showed a. marked increase in the sale of chewing gum~ consequently, the campaign was expanded to other markets. Certainly the data supplied by the In- stitute of Psychoanalysis enabled chewing gum manufacturers to make higher pro- fits, but in so doing they helped to shroud the real cause of the peoples' frustration. Instead of attacking the problem at the social or economic level, and thereby at- tempting to get at the basic causes of frustration and anxiety in this mining town, a panacaea-chewing gum-was of- fered. The above illustration is a typical case of how mass problems, which can only be rec- tified by dealing in terms of cause and ef- fect, are dealt with on the absurd level of advertising. The obvious results are that no attemp is made to comprehend and seek a lasting solution to the adverse situations, and at the same time. the people are wan- tonly exploited and duped. The social scientist's role in so-called "scientific advertising" is of fundamental importance, because he is the expert that supplies the advertisers with experience and skill in determining human desires, needs and motivations. Therefore, if some psycho- logists and sociologists continue to devote their energies to developing methods for in- creasing the effectiveness of cigarette ads, aspirin ads, patent medicine ads, etc., they are in effect working to manipulate legiti- mate consumer desires. Social scientists have, in the past, shown evidence of being interested in lo- cating the origins of irrational patterns of human behavior, and in suggesing changes that would result in more rational public behavior and thinking. They have not divorced themselves from the social scene, or the problems therein. Yet, each year moroe psychologists and sociologists are devoting their energies to collecting data for marketing research agencies. Why is this so? Is the academic work of the universities dull and uninteresting? Or are the profits which can be made in marketing research so great as to tempt many underpaid instructors? Perhaps these are all influencing factors. However, a more fundamental reason might be that the social sciences are not receiving sufficient funds to do the type of theoretical work that goes on in universities. Recently the natural sciences have been re- ceiving the bulk of most research endow- ments from foundations, industry, and the federal government. Only a relatively small percentage of most major grants are allo- cated to the social sciences. Consequently, the social scientist fre- quently does not have the funds to do ba- sic research, and turns to high-paid work in applied fields such as advertising. Thus, it should be obvious that the social sciences are confronted with a serious and urgent problem; finding a solution will not be easy. Whether the problem can be solved by giving basic social scientific research more support is a case for investigation. Yet, ultimately it will be up to the psychologist and sociologist to do a little ethical "social searching." and consider the implications of doing such applied work. It does not take a vivid imagination to see that advertising is only one of the fields which can utilize the discoveries and applicaitons of the social scientist to manipulate and mold thought. Political demagogues might be the next to seek the services of scientists who could show them how to persuade, cajole, arouse and exploit most effectively. -Eugene Abravanel From Ed Sullivan To the Editor: "Care To Look Over Our Line, Friend?" YOUR MAY 13th issue isn't a very pleasant acknowledge- ment of either the money or1 ,hought that was invested in my selection of your Glee Club as the first Big Ten representative on the show. I picked pretty good com-'HTA pany for them, Rex Harrison and, Lili Palmer in the first TV appear- ance of the late G.B. Shaw's ma- erial, Billy De Wolfe, Ben Hogan, the Gae Foster Roxyettes, etc. It has been proved, by audience: reaction from all over the land that Glee Clubs, no matter how. excellent, should do two numbers in our format. West Point, Prince- ton, U. of Pennsylvania, Tuskegee,' Fisk University and other schools. have scored solidly as a result. The national reaction to U. of Mi-i, - chigan was fine except on your ";t ~. campus, or perhaps within the rL confines of your office. All of 7 ..., these other schools winced when I n ' cut them to two numbers, on their' first date, but each of them learn- ed we were correct in so limiting them and are annual visitors to the program. Notre Dame, I think, has made three or four visits to the show and Dan Pedtke, their: "s director, will tell you that al-I though he first dissented, he's a hearty believer now that it's well ity to bring this to Miss Miller's to leave an audience wanting attention, I am more. --Arthur Ryan Michigan did the Victors' Song President, and their very strong Shad Rack. Delta Kappa Epsilon The mail from towns and cities * * throughout the country was splen- ITen Years? . did. With raves for your soloist Russ Christopher. To the Editor: But not only do I believe I know E a trifle more about show-business TEN CYEARS ago The General than you guys-I think that 32 Mills Company published an years as a newspaperman quali- ad with a picture of a German fies me to suggest that a college radio announcer. The copy un- newspaper should have called me der the picture read something for the other side of the story you like this, Tune him in . . . who have distorted. Failing in that, caresSure it's enemy popag don't you agree that there existed da. But a free country can take some sort of ethical compulsion to it in doses as big as they send send th~e victim a copy of the at- and no harm done. Right beside tack? Don't you agree that there I us is the antidote . . . the facts." now exists another compulsion, Yes, ten years ago it was no that of squaring the damage done crime to express your ideas; it was to the show and to me with your no crime to read or listen to what' S - Je V, 3 " I Irf wrong; they are just shown one side. Have the students and citi- zens of America deteriorated so in ten years that they are no long- er to be allowed to administer the antidote of facts themselves? Not only has our right to listen been taken away but now some people, very small and ignorant people, are trying to deprive us of our right to read "controver- sial" literature. It's time that this sort of thing stopped or we shall soon have a country such as is described in Huxley's Brave New World where the people think only what they are told to think. Ten years ago it was said, "Sure it's enemy propaganda. But a free country can take it in doses as big as they can send and no harm done. Right beside us is the anti- dote . . . the facts." Does ten years change all that? -Fred Gannon * * * I am a graduating senior (whose name was among the correctly spelled on "that important page") from Bus. Ad. School. I have se- cured a position with a large firm in New York City but now I find out that GM or Paw Paw National Bank is my fate. What do you sug- gest I do? Shall Icome' down from the "plush 9th floor lounge of the coldly efficient Bus. Ad. building" without using the elevator or stairs? It all seems so hopeless now.,- I am a music student, "emanat- ing nervous tension," whose friends, unfortunately, are not all from Music School. Do you think there is any other way for me to reach Julliard standards? But my immediate problem is, tow do I get to the Betsy Ross Shop? I am a sophomore who would like to know how to make the big switch from Lit School to Bus Ad? How can I invade the select crowd that frequent that structure on the corner of Monroe and Tap- pan? What can I do with my old Lit School acquaintances, and must I forsake my Ed School roommate? If so, does anyone need an extra red and white bedspread 84" by 72"? I, dear Ensian editor, am one of the few who have no problem. I have decided, rather than grad- uate with such horrible memories into an even worse future, I am leaving. I am going east, so I can remember my alma mater with a fond feeling, like the eastern law students. All kidding aside, we sincerely feel that the stupidly sardonic re- marks accompanying the spreads on the individual schools and col- loges, were in extremely poor taste and not of the caliber that should be found in a University yearbook, which is read by so many people all over the country. If the purpose of those caustic comments was to discourage po- tential students, you might very well have succeeded. If the purpose was to make a pleasant remem- brance for the graduating class, you failed. -Eleanor Klein, '53BAd Gloria Mohnar, '54SM Roberta Licht, '55LS&A Marilyn Walsh, '55LS&A * * * Another View .. . To the Editor: CONGRATULATIONS to the sportswriter Dick Lewis for his stimulating column of Michi- gan's perennial 2nd place track team. He has expressed the senti- ments of many of us. Here's hop- ing he keeps writing in the same honest and candid manner.' -Bill Gradner * * * Critics . . To the Editor: R E: May Festival Reviews "Reviewers are usually people who would have been poets, his- torians, biographers, (musicians,) if they could: they have tried their talents at one or the other, and have failed; therefore they turn critics.'-Samuel Taylor Col- eridge, Lectures: Shakespeare and Milton -Elizabeth Andrews *'* * Corrections .. To the Editor: WITH respect to your article on offshore oils, Texas was not admitted to the Union by the treaty of Guadalup - Hildago. Moreover, I have yet to hear of such animals as "presential ap- probation." "a 228-116," or Senator "Norse." Incidentally, you might have taken the extra i'e" out of preceeded" and reinserted it in the word "vetos," which appears three lines above. e Why not at least try to be ac- curate now and then, especially on the front page. -G. Edgar Gross I a A 'A why Point Four Deserves $115 Million IN ITS TWO years of operation Truman's Point-Four Program has given aid to 35 ba6kward nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This aid consists of teaching-not giving. Under the present active criticism of our foreign policy, its inconsistency and its "protectionist tariffs," any pro- gram that offers to our allies the oppor- tunity to help themselves is of vital im- portance. A program designed to prove to these peo- ple that they can become financially inde- pendent and to show them how to achieve this goal is infinitely valuable. This is es- pecially true when the areas under consider- ation are Communist "fringe areas," as are the large majority of Point Four countries. Recently a request was placed before Con- gress to authorize nearly 115 million dollars for the next fiscal year to continue this pro- gram. Currently there is some danger that the present 'economy-minded Congress will deny, or at least reduce the amount of the proposed appropriation. The dangers that would result from this move are obvious. First, the United States cannot hope to support a large part of the world indefinitely. What we can hope to do, however, is to teach those nations that have the necessary resources how to become self-sufficient and independent. Point Four does this--successfully. The success of the program can be meas- ured partially by the actively growing Com- munist opposition to it. At first merely the butt of Red ridicule, recent Communist at- tacks on it have become increasingly more violent. Communism cannot stand up under the equality of attitude fostered by such a plan. Nations that are economically independent or that have hopes for independence are less likely to succumb to Communist doc- trines than those which have no alterna- tive but to accept that which is extended to them. In the presentation of this alternative lies the real value of the program. Point Four stresses public health methods, the three "R's" and ways of increasing food produc- tion. And when this has been done, people of the Point Four nations are taught to take over the activities initiated by the Ameri- cans. It cannot be denied that Point Four has made mistakes-many of them. It has supplied equipment that has proved useless in view of the fact that the ne- cessary technical knowledge was lacking. In providing the unnecessary it has often overlooked the essentials. But it is still a young organization and it s learning. The declared objective of Point Four ac- cording to Jonathan B. Bingham, Deputy Administrator of Point Four in the State Department prior to its transfer to Mutual Securities Director Harold E. Stassen is "to work ourselves out of a job." While there is even the most remote pos- sibility that this objective can be reached, the Administration, which has placed so much stress on economy, cannot afford to reduce even slightly the amount of money to be allotted to Point Four. -Fran Sheldon campus circulation? You might point out, f'rinstance, that I've made a deliberate effort to incorporate colleges and uni- versity groups in the program, for the past five years. This fall I'm adding Georgia Tech, to represent the south, and I'm now working on a Coast university to give that area representation. Georgia Tech will do two numbers or a medley within the same time limits. Other top TV shows haven't shown an equal eagerness to spend money along these lines but I always have felt that whatever support we can extend is well worthwhile, al- though glee clubs are difficult to photograph excitingly. I thoroughly understand your. loyalty to any group representing University of Michigan. But I do feel strongly that the treatment! handed our show wasn't justified and I amdhopeful that you will be so persuaded. -Ed Sullivan (EDITOR'S NOTE: Mr. Sullivan is referring to the half page advertis- ment which appeared in the May 13 issue of The Daily. It should be noted that the intentions of the Glee Club were purely along promotional lines. The advertisement was placed as an encouragement to the students to attend the Spring concert of the Glee club and not, as Mr. Sullivan infers, an attack directed at "Toast of The Town" or him personally.) * * * Deeke Pinning . . To The Editor: AFTER MUCH hesitancy, the brothers of Delta Kappa Ep- silon have requested me to write concerning Miss Miller's interest- ing article describing the activities of various and sundry fraternities on campus in regards to pinning. Through some oversight or misun- derstanding, our fraternity was unmentioned. We feel that our actions are worth a comment and more than passing notice. When a brother is pinned in the "Deke" house, or anywhere else. the Dekes notify the happy girl by Western Union telegraph, suggest- ing a suitable night for the assignation. On the then ap- pointed night, the brothers march lock-step to the residence, singing that rousing "Deke Marching Song." At the door, we announce ourselves with a friendly "Dekes On The Rooftops" and await the appearance of the annointed. We burn no crosses, nor any other gaudy symbol, for ours is a somber ritual, as former audiences will 'at- tent. When the lady in question appears, we sing softly "I Can Tell", an old DKE love song, to acknowledge her arrival. As president, it is then my duty to step forward and welcome her Into the brotherhood with a friendly handshake and short you wished. We had at least thisI much freedom ten years ago, but' do the people of Ann Arbor and the students of our great univer- sity realize what has happened sincethen? Firstathat institution of free learning and open minds, The University of Michigan,* has denied its students the right toI hear "controversial" men speak. The people of Ann Arbor and the students of Michigan are no long- er allowed to hear both sides of the story. They are no longer al- lowed to choose between right and f' ii, I: 'Ens ian . . To the Editor: WE HAVE just read our 1953 Ensian and with trembling hands we write you, hoping that you can tell us the names of those who prescribed our horrible fates in that "brown and green" mon- ster, so we can ask their advice concerning our "inevitable" fu- tures. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN ,a 4" A (Continued from page 2) of the Land and Freshwater Mollusk Fauna of the Bahamas, with a List of the Species Occurring on Cat and Lit- tle San Salvador Islands," Fri., May 22, 2089 Natural Science Building, at 1 p.m. Chairman, F. E. Eggleton. Doctoral Examination for Guilford Lawson Spencer. II, Mathematics: the- sis: "The Compressible Flow about a Pointed Body of Revolution of Curved Profile with Attached Shock Wave," Fri., May 22, West Council Room, Rack- ham Building, at 2 p.m. Chairman, C. L. Doiph. ' Doctoral Examination for John Bil- heimer Cornell, Anthropology; thesis: "Matsunagi: The Life and Social Organ- ization of a Japanese Mountain Commu- nity," Fri., May 22, 3024 Museums Build- ing, at 3:30 p.m. Chairman, R. K. Beardsley. Doctoral Examination for Leon Abra- ham Hargreaves, Jr., Forestry; thesis: "The Georgia Forestry Commission-Ob- jectives, Organization, Policies, and Pro- cedures," Fri., May 22, 2045 Natural Sci- ence Building, at 8. a.m. Chairman, S. W. Allen. Doctoral Examination for Homer D. Swander English: thesis: "The Design of Cymbeline," Fri., May 22,,414 Mason Hail, at 8:i5 pin. Chairman, John Ar- thos. Doctoral Examination for Sanford Marion Helm, Musicology; thesis: "Carl Friedrich Abel, Symphonist: A Bio- graphical, Stylistic, and Bibliographi- cal Study," Sat., May 23, East Council Room, Rackham Building, at 10 a.m. Chairman, Hans David. Doctoral Examination for Dale Maur- ice Riepe, Philosophy; thesis: "Early Indian Philosophical Naturalism," Sat., May 23, 2208 Angell Hall, at 10 a.m. Chairman, William Frankena. Doctoral Examination for Leo Thomas Hendrick, English Language and Lit- erature; thesis: "Henry James: The Late and Early Styles," Sat., May 23, East Council Room, Rackham Build- ing, at 2 p.m. Chairman, J. L. Davis' Doctoral Examination for Lloyd Big- gle, Jr., Musicology; thesis: "The Masses of Antoine Brumel," Sat., May 23, West Council Room, Rackhamn Building, at 4 pi. Chairman, Louise E. Cuyler.- Begian, Conductor, Hillsdale High School Orchestra, Robert Lint, Con- ductor, and Lincoln High School Or- chestra, Ferndale, Mildred Bachell , Conductor. The program will include works by Chausson, Tschaikowsky, Mo- zart, Vaughan Williams, and Britten, and will be open to the general public without charge. Student Recital. Dolores Lowry, so- prano, will be heard at 8:30 Sunday evening, May 24, in Auditorium A, Angell Hall, singing a program in par- tial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Music. It will include works by Mozart, Handel, Debussy, Foudrain, Verdi, Brahms, Strauss, Rachmaninoff, Paul Creston, and Roger Quilter. Miss Lowry is a pupil of Harold Haugh, and her re- cital will be open to the general public. Student Recital. Kathleen Bond, or- ganist, will present a program of com- positions by Sweelinck, Bach, Franck, Vierne, and Reger, at 8:30 Monday evening, May 25, in Hill Auditorium, in partial fulfillment of the require- ments for the degree of Bachelor of Music. Miss Bond is a pupil of Robert Noehren, and her program will be open to the public.' Events Today Sociedad Hispanica. Annual picnic at Fresh Air Camp. We meet at flagpole at 5:30 p.m. and go by car. Arroz con pollo and salad will be the menu. En- tertainment and dancing. All welcome. Tickets being sold in R.L. Building until noon Friday. Great Books Seminar sponsored by the graduate group of the First Pres- byterian Church meets this evening at 8 p.m. at the Student Center. Shirley McCormick will review "The Big Change." Social hour. Pi Sigma Alpha. New members may pick up their certificates and keys today from 8 a.m. until 5 p.m. and to- morrow from 8 until noon from Miss Gieske in the Political Science Office 4601 Mason Hall. Wesley Foundation. Senior Banquet 6:15 p.m., Social Hall of the Methodist Church. Motion Pictures, auspices of Univer- sity Museums, "Glacier Park Studies' (color) and "Highland Holiday" (color) 7:30 p.m. Kellogg Auditorium. No ad. missionchre 4 'A 4 A CURR ZENMOVIES t Sixty-Third Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under them authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Editorial Staff Crawtord Young.......Managing Editor Barnes Counable............City Editor Cal Samra. ...........Editorial Director Zander Hollander........Feature Editor Sid Klaus. ......Associate City Editor Harland Britz. .......Associate Editor Donna Hendleman......Associate Editor Ed Whipple.............. Sports Editor John Jenke......Associate Sports Editor Dick Sewell...Associate Sports Editor Lorraine Butler . Women's Editor Mary Jane Mills, Assoc. Women's Editor Don Campbell. Chief Photographer A rchitectlure A uditoriumn HOW GREEN WAS MY VALLEY, with Wal- ter Pidgeon and Roddy MacDowell 1HE REMEMBRANCES of an old man, packing up to leave the Welsh valley where he was born, are the materials of this picture. The verisimilitude thus obtained has its good and bad points: tenderness and clar- ity of detail are mixed with a tendency to boy gets his feet badly frozen, Pidgeon brings his Treasure Island and the will to walk again. Not so convincing is the preacher's embattled attitude against his bleak, hell- fire-conscious congregation. One is never. sure whether he is to be taken as the prophet of a new era or simply as the scourge of his several holier-than-thou parishioners. He is made to stand for all kinds of vaguely relig- ious virtue, and consequently often seems Business Staff Al Green. ..........Business Manager Milt Goetz.......Advertising Manager Diane Johnston....Assoc. Business Mgr. A '4