THE MICHIGAN DAILY WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1953 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ I m I- me : Formosa & The Seventh Fleet NEW PRESIDENT takes the oath of of- Our government will find that, inst flee and shortly after reads a dully Chiang assuming the preponderent sh ded speech to a joint session of Congress. the burden, the United States will be ce spoken, these words bring 150 million so. At the present time we cannot su ericans closer to a third world war. Chiange in any full scale military a without sacrificing our rearmament Via television and radio, President Ei- gawith uripo.a rihower tells the American public that gram in Europe. yh What is infinitely worse, though, has freed Chiang Hai-Shek to attack danger that Chiang will involve us e Chinese mainland. The United States third world war. venth Fleet no longer will shield the In the first place, any invasion of th iinese Communists from Nationalist nese mainland, no matter how' effectiv rtees. probably unite the xeonophobic C 'erhaps, it* would have been worthwhile people against - foreign-supportedf the President to have considered some With the feeling of nationalism stillo he basic implications of his "free Chiang" rampage, Chiang's attack will be view nciation before plunging the United an attempt to jeopardize the integr tes into a suicidal "get-tough" policy. China. It will not be seen as a liberatin neuver. The image of the corrupt an here are some of the problems which E roristic Chiang is still a reality to the hower overlooks:nsepoe. 'or years our press has ignorantly built e nyth around the fighting strength of If Chiang does succeeed in gaini Lang. An appraisal of the facts, however, foothold on the coast, he will be forc ald reveal that the Generalissimo has rely heavily on American reinforcemen ninally only 600,000 men under his com- sustain his troops against superiorn nd. Of those who are capable of fight- bers of Communist troops.' ,most have no combat experience. Many Our reinforcements can either tak them are old and disillusioned garrison form of guns, tanks and planes, or A irds who fled to Formosa several years can soldiers. The involvement of sucha k. The younger ones are green troops. ead of are of doing upport assault pro- is the in a e Chi- ve, will hinese forces. on the wed as ity of ig ma- d ter- e Chi- ng a ed to ants to num- ke the Ameri- all-out As a result it is impossible to tabulate the number of troops Chiang has who are capable and willing to fight. Chiang also is plagued by the fear pf wholesale deser- tions in the Nationalist ranks, as happened during the Chinese Civil war. Chiang's air force amounts to a mere 200 planes which may be used for immediate combat duty. lmost without exception, they are obsolete World War II models. Due to the Nationalists' problem in supplying these planes with fuel and ammunition it is difficult to predict for what period of time they can be kept in flight. Chiang's navy is composed entirely of small ships. And yet, according to President Eisenhower, the Nationalists will be con- cerned mainly with "commando raids." If this is the case, however, it becomes im- possible to see how Chiang will be able to constantly transport his troops back. and forth across a hundred miles of water for "spot" attacks. It Is obvious, then, that Chiang's army cannot sustain itself for any length of time without foreign aid. This help, nec- essarily must come from the United States in the form of economic and military as- sistance. assistance might be catastrophic. If we do find ourselves in a minor war with China, we must be ready to deal with Russia at the same time. The Russian gov- ernment has a military alliance with the Chinese Communists and it is possible that they would come to the aid of China if called upon to do so. The Administration simply passes this off as a "calculated risk." By some mystical process of logic, the new Administration claims that by keeping the Chinese Communists busy at home, they will not be able to adequately defend them- selves in Korea. However, it might be well to point out that the Communists are more able to fight another war in the Far East than we are at the present time. It is dif- ficult to exhaust the manpower of a country with 400 million people. With the stakes so high and the dan- ger so great, it is inconceivable that Pres- ident Eisenhower could have made such a drastic decision. Instead of our fleet "protecting" the Chi- nese mainland, the real fact of the matter is that we have been protecting ourselves from the possibilities of a new war by keep- ing Chiang totally inactive. We must con- tinue to do so, or face the consequences. -Mark Reader BOOK REVIEW: MATTER OF FACT By JOSEPH and STEWART ALSOP XASHINGTON-History is shaped, per- haps more than history ought to be shaped, by the personal character of a President of the United States, and by the' way he works. The case of President Dwight D. Eisenhower is particularly interesting, since Gen. Eisenhower is a military' man taking over the greatest civilian job in the world. This is a preliminary report on the way the new President is tackling his tre- mendous task. As everyone knows by now, the White House is already buzzing by 8:30 in the morning, when all members of the Presi- dent's staff (somewhat to the distress of some of them) are expected to arrive on the dot. What is not so well known is that the President may have been out of bed as much as three hours before the White House opens for business. By 8:30 he has breakfasted long before, read his newspapers and some essential docu- ments, and squared away for a hard- driving work day that may last twelve or even sixteen hours. The President's only relaxation these days consists of an occasional brief spell of his beloved paint- ing before an early bedtime. Understandably enough, exhaustion is already etched on the faces of some of the new President's White House subordinates. But Gen. Eisenhower himself seems in- capable of fatigue. It is probably just as well that the President has this enormous capacity for work, since he has a special quirk which one of his assistants des- cribes as "an auditory rather than visual intelligence." He learns far more readily through his ears than through his eyes. He likes to have his speeches, for example, read aloud to him, and he corrects and edits them by voice (most astutely-he hates un- necessary complications in style). This prac- tice of hearing rather than reading wherever possible is actually less time-consuming than might be supposed, since the Presi- dent's "auditory intelligence" is remark- ably quick. When he became President he had lit- tle more knowledge of the budget pro- cess than the ordinary citizen-which is precious little. Accordingly, he called in Budget Director Joseph Dodge to brief him and his staff. Dodge did a brilliant job. Even so, many staff members were utterly defeated by such mysteries as "obligational authority" and "unexpended balances." But Gen. Eisenhower instant- ly grasped the-essential-points, and wrote himself most of the part of his State of the Union message dealing with fiscal matters. This ability to go quickly to the heart of a complex subject is a central Eisenhower asset. Another Eisenhower asset is, of course, the famous charm, which leads the Presi- dent to put a very high value on personal contacts. Typical is his determination to eat a meal, over the next few months, with every Republican on Capitol Hill. This sort of thing leads to an extremely crowded schedule of appointments-too crowded, in the view of some of his subordinates. But although the President is accessible, he has no patience with people who waste his time. In the presence of time-wasters, Eisen- hower's cheerful briskness shades over in- to brusqueness, and a hint of the Eisen- hower temper begins to appear. Those who have been present on the rare occasions when the President has lost his temper say that this is a memorable experience. An- Eisenhower rage is truly towering. His face flushes a deep red, the jaw juts forward, and the usually genial blue eyes turn to ice, freezing the offender in his tracks.. No-one, in short, who enters the White House forgets for a moment who is Presi- dent of the United States. But although he is very much master in his own house, Eisenhower, like all Presidents, is already beginning to muster around him a sort of inner council of a few men on whom he re- lies very heavily. The key man on his staff, of course, is Sherman Adams. But Adams sees his job as ensuring that the President makes the decisions he must make, rather than influencing the nature of these deci- sions., At the moment, the men who most in- fluence the President's decisions are Bud- get Director Dodge, (a modest man, but one of the most powerful in Washington), Treasury Secretary George Humphrey, and Attorney General Herbert Brownell. As of today, neither of the two chief cabinet members can now be counted in the inner circle, although Secretary of State John Foster Dulles may join it on his return from abroad. So, ultimately, may Defense Secretary Charles E. Wil- son, when he masters his immensely dif- ficult assignment, although for the mo- ment Wilson is more in need of the President's advice than the other way around. Another candidate for the inner circle is obviously Admiral Arthur Radford. Rad- ford deeply impressed both Eisenhower and Wilson on the pre-inauguration Korea trip, and he may become Chief of Staff, in which case he will certainly have a profound in- fluence on nolicy. Yet excent for Radford I i . ., f ; 'l "This'll be th' next text for th' undergraduates taking this course, but I'll expect a little more work from those enrolled for graduate credit." DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN Conantrs Views on Education LITTLE MAN ON CAMPUS r ,r& /,I4 r'' t A: -4 1 ~ j * k~'~Y A"- / tea t CAMBRIDGE, MASS.-(M-"If the battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton, it may well be that the ide- ological struggle with communism in the next fifty years will be won on the playing fields of the public high schools of the United States." These are the words of Dr. James Bry- ant Conant, retiring president of Harvard University, written before his designa- tion as United States High Commissioner to Western Germany. As a basis of national unity, he pleads for the strengthening and improvement of the free, tax-supported, locally controlled Am- erican public school, in his new book: "Edu- cation and Liberty-the Role of the Schools in a Modern Democracy." Dr. Conant's views on private and public school education--expressed in 1952 before an educators' meeting in Boston-were laid before the Senate Foreign Relations Com- mittee by opponents of his appointment as high commissioner. His views at the Bos- ton meeting-interpreted by some as an at- tack on Roman Catholic parochial schools-- are re-stated more fully in his book. He writes: "I know of no one today who wishes to suppress private schools. * * * Putting the idea into effect would involve such dras- tic state action as to, be repugnant to our fundamental ideas of liberty." "But," he adds, "unwillingness even to consider advocating state or national ac- tion to suppress private schools is quite a different matter from being indifferent to their expansion. It is certainly a very dif- ferent thing from acquiescing in the use of tax money directly or indirectly for the support of private schools. * * * A dual sys- tem= serves and helps to maintain group cleavages, the absence of a dual system does the reverse. 'This is particularly true of secondary schools. * * * I would plead with those who insist as a matter of con- science on sending their children to denomi- national schools that they might limit their insistence on this type of education to the elementary years." -Among other things, Dr. Conant "regrets" a trend toward private education "in some of our Western cities, in particular . . . for sons and daughters of the well-to-do." The founding of independent schools, he sug- gests, "is a challenge to those connected with public education." He says that the education-pattern evolved in the United States in the last three-quarters of a century "has provided a great engine of democracy which has served this nation of many creeds." "Without it," he writes, "I doubt whether so many different national cultures brought Concerning himself especially with high school and college education, Dr. Conant examines the whole field of education in English-speaking countries. And he pro- poses an increase in the number of two- year colleges In this country able to award bachelors' degrees in general studies. He concludes that "in spite of the in- adequacies of many of our high school programs and the undeveloped nature of our two-year community colleges, we have made great progress in the last twen- ty-five years in our attempt to provide adequate schools for all American youth." "For the future," he writes, "we must en- deavor to combine the British concern for training the 'natural aristocracy of talents' with the American insistence on general education for all future citizens. If we can do that, then our industrialized society will prosper and at the same time the neces- sary degree of instruction will be provided for all people so that in their hands (in Thomas Jefferson's words) "Our liberties1 will remain secure." Dr. Conant proposes a ten-point program that includes actual contraction of the four- year programs in universities. He would transform "all the present four-year col- leges into institutions with high academic standards and arrange the curricula with the thought that a majority of students in these colleges will go on to professional training after two, three or four years, de- pending on the ability and drive of the in- dividual." In urging that we popularize the two- year local college for general education, he suggests that: "We endeavor to create a climate of opin- ion in which the length of education be- yond (age) 18 is not considered the hall- mark of respectability." He urges "far more scholarships for high school graduates." He advocates continuing experimentation with "general education at every level for the future manual worker, the future sales- man or executive, and the most highly spe- cialized university graduate." But throughout, he is especially concern- ed with adhering "to the principle of a com- prehensive high school with a common core of studies and differentiated special pro- grams." "But in so doing," he says, "we (should) make far more effort to identify the gift- ed youth and give him or her more rigor- ous academic training in languages and mathematics." At the last, he says, "the answer to the question, 'can we achieve national unity through our nublic schools and still retain (Continued from giage 2) at 8 a.m. in 140 Business Administration Building. Persons who as yet have not made application for this examination may do so by calling Mr. George Rich- ardson at Woodward 28890 in Detroit. For further information, contact the .Bureau of Appointments, 3528 Adminis- tration Building, Ext. 371. Lectures Emlyn Williams Tickets on Sale To- day. Tickets for the dramatic program to be given Monday night by Emlyn Williams, noted British actor, go on sale today at the box office, Hill Audi- torium. Mr. Williams will impersonate the famous author, Charles Dickens, and will present a solo theatrical per- formance of scenes from Dickens' nov- els. The program is presented as the fifth number on the 1952-53 . Lecture Course. Box office hours are 10-1, 2-5. Sigma Xi Lecture, open to the public. "Food for the Future: The Trend of Crop Production and Some Problems in Plant Physiology," A. Geoffrey Nor- man, Professor of Botany and Research Biochemist in the Michigan Memorial -Phoenix Project, Wed., Feb. 11, 8 p.m., Rackham Amphitheater. Visiting Lecturer in Wood Technol- ogy. Mr. Gordon L. Freedman, President, Freedman Artcraft Engineering Corpor- ation, will meet with wood technology and other interested students at 7:30 p.m., Feb. 11 2039 Natural Science, to discuss the control of products quality in the wood industry. Academic Notices Philosophy 63, Philosophical Bases of Communism, Fascism, and Democracy, will meet in Angel Hall, Auditorium A. Psychology 145, Learning and Memory, will meet Mon., Wed., and Fri. at 2 p.m. in 3427 Mason Hal. Seminar in Engineering Mechanics. The first meeting of the spring semester will be on Wed., Feb. 18, at 3:30 p.m., 101 West Engineering Building. Political Science 2, American Political Institutions, will meet in Angell Hall, Auditorium B. Interdisciplinary Seminar in the The- ory of Growth (Economics 353) will meet in full session on Thursday from 4:30 to 6, beginning Feb. 12. It will meet in the West Conference Room of the Rackham Building, with the excep- tion of March 26 and April 23, when it will meet in 24444 Mason Hall. The dis- cussion for Thurs., Feb. 12, will be "Introduction to the General Theory of Growth," Professor Boulding. Course 402, the Interdisciplinary Sem- inar on the Applications of Mathemat- ics to the Social Sciences, will meet on Thurs., Feb. 12, at 4 p.m., in 3409 Ma- son Hall. Mr. Leonid Hurwicz of the Economics Department, University of Minnesota, will speak on "Problems of a priori. Information in Decision-Mak- ing Under Uncertainty." English 226. Members will meet in Professor Reinhard's office on Wed. at 3 p.m. This notice supersedes all oth- ers. The University Extension Service an- nounces the following courses opening tonight in its adult education program in Ann Arbor. Registration may be made between 6:30 and 9:45 p.m. Monday in 165 School of Business Administra- tion, Monroe at Tappan. Elementary General Psychology. In- troduction to the principles of psychol- ogy with a survey of motivation, emo- tion, perception ability, and personal- ity. (Psychology 31, two hours under- graduate credit). Instructor: Dr. Eliza- beth M. Douvan. Sixteen weeks, $18. 7;30 p.m., 31 Business Administration Build- ing. Great Books I. This University of Michigan Great Books course is an in- troduction to and an analysis of books 'that have affected Western civilization. Selections are made from many periods ' of history and types of writing, their literary merits as well as their signifi- cance for Western thought and action being discussed. Section I, open to be- ginners, 'starts tonight and will meet on alternate Wednesdays; Section II, open to those who have had Section I, will begin on Wed., Feb. 18, and meet on alternate weeks. Instructor: John E. Bingley. Eight sessions, $8. 7:30 p.m., 69 Business Administration Building. Introduction to Literature of Music. Brings to the layman a practical meth- ers and vegetables, woody and herbace- ous perennials, lawn care, spring prun- ing, weed control, summer mulching, moisture supply, and conservation, and soil conditioning. Instructor: Ruth Mosher Place. Eight weeks, $6. 7:30 p.m., 176 Business Administration Building. Writing Workshop. Designed for stu- dents who wish to write fiction, poetry, essays, or drama, and who wish to dis- cuss the problems associated with writ- ing in any of these forms. Personal conferences for special problems of in- dividual students may be arranged. Instructor: Prof. Donald R. Pearce. Sixteen weeks, $18. 7:30 p.m., 171 Busi- ness Administration Building. Concerts Concert. The Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra, Antal Dorati, Conductor, will be presented in Hill Auditorium, Thurs- day evening, Feb. 12, at 8:30, in the seventh concert in the Choral Union Series. Mr. Dorati and the orchestra will play the following program: Mo- zart's "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik"; De- bussy's "La Mer," and the Brahms Symphony No. 1. A limited number of tickets' are available at the offices of the University Musical Society in Burton Tower daily; and on the night of the concert after 7 o'clock in the Hill Auditorium box office. May Festival season tickets are avail- able at the offices of the University Musical Society in Burton Memorial Tower at $11.00, $9.00 and $8.00 each (6 concerts). By purchasing season tickets a considerable saving is made over the individual concert ticket prices. Faculty Concert. Arlene Sollenberger, contralto, will present a song recital at 8:30 Wednesday evening, Feb. 11, in Lydia Mendelssohn Theater. Mabel Rhead Field, Professor- Emeritus of Pi- ano, will appear with Miss Sollenberger. The program will open with works by Handel and Brahms. After intermission Miss Sollenberger will sing Bloch's "Poemes d' Automne," and a group of English songs by Carey, Ferrata, Quilter and Ilgenfritz. The program will be open to the general public without charge. Events Today Technic -Tryout Meeting. All those in- terested in working on the staff of the Michigan Technic, the Engineering Col- lege magazine, are invited to attend a tryout meeting Wed., Feb. 11, 7:30 p.m., in the Technic office, 205 west Engineering Annex. Roger Williams Guild. 7 p.m., High School Room, Dr. G. Merrill Lenox speaks on "Responsibility of the Church in Human Rights" as our second speak- er in our series on Human Rights. For those who can come at 6:30, there will be a potluck supper in the same room. Motion Picture. Twenty-seven min- ute film, "Protozoa" shown Mon. through Fri. at 10:30, 12:30, 3, and 4 o'clock, 4th floor, University Museums Building. (Continued on Page 6) Sixty-Third Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Editorial Staff Crawford Young.... Managing Editor Barnes Connable.......... City Editor Cal Samra............Editorial Director Zander Hollander.......Feature Edtor Sid Klaus.........Associate City Editor Harland Britz.........Associate Editor Donna Hendeman.....Associate Editor Ed Whipple...............Sports Editor John Jenks.,....Associate Sports Editor Dick Sewell.....Associate Sports Editor Lorraine Butler.......Women's Editor Mary Jane Mills, Assoc. Women's Editor Business Staff Al Green.............Business Manager Milt Goetz.......Advertising Manager Diane Johnston.... Assoc. Business Mgr. Judy Loehnberg....... Finance Manager Harlean Hankin .... Circulation Manager ON THE WASHINGTON M1ERRY-GO-lOUND WITH DREW PEARSON by Dick Bibler (EDITOR'S NOTE-Drew Pearson is now on a trip to Berlin and Paris to check on crucial developments there and report on the progress bf John Foster Dulles in unifying our Allies.) BERIN-The most important question in the world today is what's happening behind the iron curtain? What's the reason for the purges, the indirect attacks on cer- tain Russian leaders, the wave of anti-Semitism, the flood of political refugees daily streaming across the border at Berlin? Upon the answer to this puzzle depends the answer to the ques- tion of peace or war and here in Berlin, the only place where there is a gap in the iron curtain, is the best place to get it. My own diagnosis from talking to those who have been behind the iron curtain and to intelligence experts follows: 1-Some parts of the over-expanded Soviet Union are gorged from too much conquest and are on the brink of revolution today, various other areas in the Soviet orbit are seething with unrest, and the Red leaders in the Kremlin need scapegoats. Hence the purges and the pogroms. 2-On the face of things, Russia is a long way from war and is in no position, to wage it. However, dictators sometimes start war to divert attention from their own failures. That Is the greatest danger in Europe today. To understand what is happening in the Soviet Union you have to remember that there are only about 40,000,000 Russians in the U.S.S.R. and the over-all policy of the Kremlin is to operate and to control the other parts of the Soviet Zones-from Mongolia to Czech- oslovakia and from Turkestan to Poland-for the sole benefit of these 40,000,000 Russians. SEETHING REBELLION THUS, WHILE THE forty millions around Moscow have never had it so good, the other diverse and nationally minded millions-who are expected to raise more crops, to build more factories, to lay more railroad lines and to support the Soviet war machine-are restless and rebellious. That is why a new word has been coined and added to the already long list of isms and for which one can now be tried for treason-nationalism. That ism was among the charges made against Vladimir Clementis and some of the other Czech leaders. They put Czechoslovakia ahead of the Soviet Union. Deputy Premier Rudolf Slansky, on the other hand, was convicted of leftism. He carried the doctrine of Communism too far to the left. Today the greatest danger spot for revolt in the far-flung Soviet orbit is Poland. There peasants are seething over crop quo- tas and collective farms. The revolt in Poland ranges from pro- ducers sending poor seed to collective farms, for which nine state agricultural farm directors were found guilty, to just plain refusing to make grain deliveries. Peasants have become so rebellious that Soviet officials eve enlisted several hundred priests to encourage crop deliveries. Sabo- tage of Polish railroads continues and, in general, the nation is clos- er to emulating Tito's Yugoslavia than any other land ruled by the Reds. In fact, Allied observers are a little worried for fear that the Polish revolt might come prematurely and be stamped out so severely and ruthlessly that restlessness would be discouraged in other parts of the Soviet empire for years to come. Other areas in which this restlessness is most apparent today are the Ukraine, Czechoslovakia, Georgia (the birthplace of Stalin), Ar- menia and Turkestan. RUSSIAN PURGES F YOU LOOK back into Russian history it is fairly easy to see the reason for the current purges and the wave of anti-Semitism, Probably the worst campaign against the Jews took place in 1905 after the great Russian drought of that year when Prime Minister Sergei Whitte and Czar Alexander needed scapegoats to blame for the wide- spread starvation. Again it is important to remember that in 1914 the Russian military, fearful of unrest at home, wanted war. That was why.the Russian military attache in Belgrade was in contact with the little gang of Serb assassins who bombed Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo thereby touching off World War I. That was also why Rus- sia wasted hardly a minute before coming to Serbia's defense by de- claring war against the Austro-Hungarian empire. Unrest was ram- pant in Russia and the little groups of generals around the Czar ieed ed a war to keep their shaky empire together. That is the biggest danger inside Russia today. STALIN'S RECORD COUPLED WITH this danger is the fact that Joe Stalin is the most suspicious man in the world: Though Harry Truman once paid tribute to Uncle Joe as a man he could get along with, history on the other hand points to the probability that Stalin is the most ruth- less and blood-thirsty man ever to rule a world power and that he, more than anyone else, is responsible for the Soviet Unions unending wave of purges. It was Stalin who plotted to put himself rather than Trotsky or one of those much closer to Lenin in Lenin's shoes. It was Stalin who later manipulated the murder of Trotsky in Mexico. It was Stalin. who carried out the purge trials of the 'thirties in which Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky an other top Russian mili- tary leaders were shot. It was Stalin who put Maxim Litvinov in the doghouse when he became too friendly to the United States, and Stalin who recalled Ambassador Troyanovsky from-Washing- ton when he got on intimate bridge-playing terms with U.S. Senators. And it is Stalin who has either maneuvered or condoned the present wave of anti-Semitism and the purge trials in Czecho- slovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary and Poland. Stalin is smart enough to know that his restless empire, havin bitten off far more territory than the Czars did and having suffered acute indigestion, is in no condition to wage war. But Stalin is an old man. He has little time left to live. Will his successors share the same view or will they do what the generals around the Czar did in 1914-throw the world into war in order to cement their cracking.empire? That is the biggest question to which every European chancery would like to have the answer. (Copyright, 1953, by the Bell Syndicate) "Gosh, Those New Atomic Weapons Are Fantastic" --°" : ; 4+