PA R FOUR
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 13, 1853
PAGE FOUR WEDNESDAY, APRIL 15, 1953
a I
Politics in a Bureau
A HIGHLY combustible mixture of politics
and science was brewed last week in
the test tubes of the National Bureau of
Standards by Secretary of Commerce, Sin-,
clair Weeks when he forced the resignation
of Bureau director, Dr. Allen V. Astin.
The dismissal, which caused over 30
Bureau scientists to threaten resignation
in protest, was based on charges by Weeks
that Dr. Astin was "not sufficiently ob-
jective" and lacked a "business point of
view" because his agency has repeatedly
refused to endorse a commercial product,
AD-X2, which, its manufacturers claim,
will lengthen the life of a storage bat-
tery.
The question of the storage battery came
up in 1949 when the New York City Better
Business Bureau asked the Federal Trade
Comission to have the, Bureau of Stand-
ards conduct a study on the battery addi-
tive because the New York bureau suspected
the AD-X2 manufacturer of false advertis-
ing (This is routine procedure for the
Trade Commission to send to the Bureau of
Standards for impartial scientific analysis
any article in commerce which is the object
of unfair and deceptive trade practices.)
However, there is much more involved
in this case than the question of whether
a certain battery additive is effective or
not. The integrity of the Government's
chief scientific research body has been
challenged, along with the basic concept
of the role of the federal government in
controlling and regulating commercial
practices.
For fifty years the Bureau of Standards
has done the bulk of the government's sci-
entific research in physics, chemistry, ma-
thematics and engineering and has proved
indispensable in the development of com-
plex war machinery. The Bureau has also
been, since " its inception, the guardian of
the standards of weights and measurements
on which industrial and scientific processes
depend and without which commerce and
industry would be rendered chaotic.
In the past the Bureau has been espec-
ially privileged in being one of the few
government bureaus free from political pres-
sures. In the case of Dr. Astin consideration
for a single pressure group was rated higher
than the position of both the Bureau and
the respected scientist.
It should be apparent to the Adminis-
tration that science and politics is an ex-
plosive -combination here and that the
Bureau will be seriously handicapped in
its research if it is not absolutely exempt
from political bias. It is the Bureau's
job to be impartial, and a "business point
of view" seems highly irrelevant to the
Bureau's primary scientific purpose.
Not only was political pressure introduced
to the Bureau, but its basic purpose was
questioned in the Astin dismissal. Secretary
Weeks himself said, in reference to the
case, "I do not see why a product should
be denied an opportunity in the market
place."
There is no point of view quite so
outdated as that which holds that the
Government should not be able to protect
the consumer and the ethical business
man against fraud and unethical compe-
tition. This is an invaluable function of
government which has evolved in the past
50 years and which must be maintained
in the general public interest.
As a result of the furor arising from Dr.
Astin's ouster, the Senate Small Business
Committee will hold hearings soon on the
case. It is hoped that the Committee will
recognize the implications of the scientist's
dismissal and make the proper recommenda-
tions to the government
-Aice Bogdonoff
i
*I.
BOOKS
+
-q
ALL THE YOUNG SUMMER DAYS by
Bernice Kavinoky-Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc.
ER VOICE was soft, gentle and low, an
excellent thing in a woman." Gentle-
ness, madame-a most worthy virtue! Pri-
thee, a bit of subtlety!
I Bernice Kavinoky had been taking
notes-in her Shakespeare class when King
Lear was being examined by a worthy
University professor of her day, she might
have benefited from some of the Bard's
sagacity.
Perhaps, however, she was too busy.win-
ning two major Hopwood awards in one
year-one in poetry, another in drama. Per-
haps being a house wife and mother, active
in theater work and writer of short stories,
one act plays and lyric poetry has kept her
pretty occupied in recent years.
For surely she has chosen to ignore the
virtue of subtlety almost completely in her
first novel, just released last week: "All The
Young Summer Days."
In an attempt to give depth to characters
"shehas not developed in any other way,
Miss Kavinoky persists in spelling out the
obvious in capital letters. Perhaps Miss Ka-
vinoky feels, as does this reviewer, such as-
siduous reiteration is necessary to prevent
the reader searching the book too deeply as
the characters and action would collapse
completely under close analysis.
With a tightly controlled structure (each
chapter or group of chapters is another
summer at the lake in the years from
1926 to 1933 with the exception of one
winter interlude) Miss Kavinoky has writ-
ten a novel about the Hellers and the
Adlers, summertime lakeside neighbors.
Michael Heller and the three youngest
Adler. children (Marion, Bea and Jon their
foster brother) play and play act together
with Marion always assuming the role of
princess to Bea's sometimes rebellious lady-
in-waiting. As part of an obsessive scheme
to control things and keep things as they
are, Marion takes it for granted that Mi-
chael will be her husband. One day, how-
ever, Bea appears in a blouse which falls se-
ductively off two shoulders and Michael dis-
covers Bea is (1) beautiful (2) well develop-
ed (3) the object of his love. He proposes.
Then 20-year old Michael tells 18-year old
Marion he is going to marry 17-year old
Bea whereupon 18-year old Marion flings
herself from his motorboat aiming right for
the propellor and entangling herself there-
In. Next chapter: "I knew she wouldn't let
me have him," says Bea.
4I was only kidding," says Michael to
Marion, swathed in bandages. "I will
marry you after all." He does. A few
chapters later Bea becomes lusty, bitter,
cynical, never too far from Michael and
his frigid wife. Jon keeps hanging around
too. He wants Marion all for himself, as
Books at the Library
Arfelli, Dante-THE FIFTH GENERA-
TION. New York, Scribner's, 1953.
Headstrom, Richard - THE LIVING
YEAR. New York, Ives Washburn, 1953.
Herbert, A. P. - WHY WATERLOO?
Garden City, Doubleday, 1953.
froyan, William - THE LAUGHING
MATTER. Garden City, Doubleday, 1953.
mother and child. As second best, if he
can't have her himself, he will go to any
measure to help her keep her husband
around the house, passing out abortive
capsules and holding people's heads under
water till they stop breathing.
With all the subtlety of a twenty-one gun
salute, it. is revealed that Michael's dis-
torted sense of loyalty and respbnsibility is
an outgrowth of the stronge sense of duty
he has for his wispy haired doctor mother
who has been deserted by her artist hus-
band for a younger woman. Michael knows
only two reasons to love: beauty and res-
ponsibility. For certainly Bea is little else
as a character but beautiful, although Miss
Kavinoky has given her some wonderful
lines of poetry to speak. The poetry too, too
obvious a gift.
If we are inclined to respect Michael at
first, for his loyalty to his mother, we
can perhaps pity him in his compulsive
decision to marry Marion. But as the
weak, shallow, superficial person he is,
we cannot pity him even in his horrible
final fate-encircled by dry virgins for
eternity.
The reader is continuously confronted
with inexplicable metamorphoses - with
children who are too old or too young or
adults who are not.
The minor characters-especially Jessie
and Dr. Heller-are well drawn but remain
static. They are exactly the same, don't age
or alter in the seven year period covered by
the novel.
The poetry that won Miss Kavinoky her
Hopwood is here however, often quite
beautiful even though occasionally start-
lingly incongruous. So is dramatic irony
that enhaneps several sections..
Miss Kavinoky is to be commended on
her excellent handling of a Jewish element.
The Adler's are Jewish, the Hellers TIight
or might not be, but hooray for the author,
she has chosen neither to exploit this Jew-
ishness to fight a cause, deliver a message
or as a source of conflict. It isn't often that
we find Jewish characters being treated as
people instead of martyrs to a literary cause.
-Gayle Greene
F WE ARE to play the game of co-exist-
ence with Communism successively, we
must know where and under what set of
conditions we have the best chance, and
where we have none. One thing is sure:
There can be no possible sharing of respon-
sibility between Communist and democratic
parties within the government of a country.
This has been tried all over Europe, east
and 'west; invariably it has ended in dis-
aster.
In the countries of eastern Europe, thanks
to the Red Army, the Communist leaders
throttled the democratic majorities. In west-
ern Europe the Communist Parties had to
be thrown out of the Governmentsbecause
they were a state within a state, with no
purpose other than sabotage. Incidentally,
this is the reason why there is no hope for
Germany to be peacefully reunited, any more
than there is for China or Korea. I
By contrast, we have learned that co-
existence between Communist and demo-
cratic governments, no matter how frus-
trating, can at times yield results. This was
the case when diplomatic negotiations with
Soviet Russia resulted in the lifting of the
Fresh Frosh
IN THE SPRING young men turn their
thoughts to many things. At Michigan,
young women turn their thoughts to win-
ning the annual Frosh Weekend.
Great effort is expended by freshmen
coeds in their quest for victory. Competi-
tion this year is reaching a fever pitch.
Diag stunts, clever costumes, nifty beanies
and assorted music are part of the plans
being carried out by the competing sides.
Unfortunately,'some of the more exuber-
ant women have turned to wielding chalk as
an attention winning device Proud engi-
neers have found tleir sacred engineering
arch becoming a prize billboard for chalk
written messages imploring all to attend
the gala events this weekend.
It becomes increasingly difficult to cri-
ticize high school students who mark up
public buildings when a. segment of the
University community resorts to the same
thing.
--Eric Vetter
It Can't
'r .
Happen Here
" AM VERY SORRY that you failed to
meet your 10 a.m. appointment on Tues-
day morning March 17, 1953. However, be-
cause you did miss the meeting you are re-
quired to write a 1,000 word theme on the
subject, Ways of Improving the Men's Resi-
dence Halls. This theme must be in Presi-
dent Elliot's office by Friday noon, April 3,
1953, or you will have to be dismissed from
school."
This is a copy of a cruel letter received
by a student who missed a meeting called
by Michigan Normal College authorities
to discuss scholastic standing and behav-
ior of residents in the men's dormitories.
A copy of this letter recently found its
way into the Normal News.
Fortunately, ours is a University of discre-
tion It is the policy of the University to
allow each student the utmost freedom of
action in matters relating to his conduct.
It can't happen here-or can it?
-Larry Sukeni
DREW PEARSON:
Washington
Merry-Go-Round -
WASHINGTON-Probably the most im-
portant backstage feud in Washington
is between two auto tycoons who are bat-
tling over the nation's mobilization policy.
They are General Motors' ex-boss Charlie
Wilson, who quit the auto business to be-
come Secretary of Defense, and Studebaker's
present boss Harold Vance, who was offered
the job of Defense Mobilizer but couldn't
afford to give up his Studebaker ties. How-
ever, he agreed to serve as a special consult-
ant.
These two captains of industry have
clashed behind the scenes over broaden-
ing the country's production base. Wilson
has found that he can save an estimated
billion dollars out of his budget by stop-
ping the construction of defense plants.
Vance has warned this would cost more
in the long run, might even jeopardize the
nation's future security.
Both men have tried to keep their dis-
pute out of the papers. However, Wilson ar-
gues privately that he would rather stock-
pile planes and tanks than defense plants
and machine tools. He claims that more
money has been spent on industrial mobili-
zation than weapons of war since the Kor-
ean outbreak.
"A number of plants have been built that
shouldn't have been built," he keeps re-
peating in closed-door conferences. "I don't
agree with (ex-Secretary of Defense) Lov-
ett's theory that you need two plants to
produce a thousand tanks when one plant
could do the job."
He also wants to strike $500 million
out of the budget for stockpiling machine
tools.
"I see no reason to stockpile machine
tools," Wilson declares flatly.
* * *
SAFETY FROM ATTACK
HOWEVER, VANCE takes the long-range
view that the more plants we have, the
greater output will be in case of all-out war.
He warns that we should not store too many
production eggs in one basket, should scat-
ter as many plants as possible around the
country. This would make it more diffi-
cult for Russia to cripple defense produc-
tion by surprise attack.
Vance also claims it would be cheaper
in the long run to stockpile machine tools,
than .try to stockpile the planes and tanks
that the tools produce. When the stock-
piled planes and tanks become obsolete,
Vance points out, they would have to be
scrapped. It would be more economical,
he argues, to keep the machine tools .on
hand and simply redesign them to keep
up with modern improvements.
Most of Wilson's military experts agree
(Continued from Page 2) l
Preliminary Report on the Student(
Bobk Exchange Survey."
The University Extension Service an-
nounces the following courses: Person-
al-Use Typing. This intensive six-week1
course presents the basic principles of
touch typewriting for personal use and
is designed for those who wish to learnf
the keyboard and the use of the touch
system. A brief introduction is given
to simple manuscript and letter writ-1
ing. Six weeks. $5.00. Instructor: Phyl-
lis A. Caulfield. Number of registrations
is limited, but there are still openings
for several students. The course be-
gins Wed., Apr. 15, at 7 p.m., in RoomI
276 of the School of Business Admin-
istration.
Summer Field Course in Gardening.-
"Gardening Taught in Gardens." Eight
noteworthy gardens in the Ann Arborf
area will be open to students through;
the courtesy of their owners. The
course provides examples of superiorI
plant selection, skilled culture, andI
models of good home landscape de-1
velopment. Eight weeks. $6.00. Instruc-
tor: Ruth Mosher Place. The first ses-1
sion of the class will be held Wednes-1
day evening, April 15, at 7:30. in Roomi
176 of the School of Business Admin-
istration.
Concerts
Organ Program Cancelled. The Thurs-
day afternoon program by organ stu-
dents, previously announced for 4:15,I
April 16, in Hill Auditorium, has been'
cancelled. However, the evening pro-
gram will be presented as scheduled,
at 8:30.
Recital of Organ Music, under the
direction of Robert Noehren, University
Organist, 8:30 Thursday evening, April
16, in Hill Auditorium. The program
will include works by Buxthude, Bach,
Franck, Lubeck, and Walther, played by
Bertha Hagrty, :Phillip Steinhaus,
Kathleen Bond, Esther McGlothlin, Jane
Townsend, Lois Batchelor, and John
McCreary. The general public will be
admitted without charge.
Carillon Recital. The first of a series
of spring carillon recitals will be play-
ed by Percival Price, University Caril-
lonneur, at 7:15 Thursday evening,
April 16. The program is as follows: The
Bells by William Byrd; three 18th cen-
tury songs, Where E're You Walk,
Plaisir d'amour, and The Lass With
the Delicate Air; Sonata 5 by I. J.
Pleyel; carillon compositions by Uni-
versity students Wilson Sawyer, Jane
Stone Bertagna, and Karl Magnuson;
three Irish folk songs, The Girl I Left
Behind Me, The Londonderry Air, and
The Harp That Once Thro' Tara's Halls.
Events Today
U. of M. Research Club will again
have as its guests the Women's Re-
search Club and the Science Research
Club tonight at 8 p.m., Rackham
Amphitheater. The general subject wil
he The Impact of Atomic Energy on
Research. There will be three papers:
Dr. Henry Gomberg (Science Research
Club), "The Nature of the Physical
Problems"; Dr. Muriel Meyers (Wo-
men's Research Club) "Isotopes in
Medicine"; and Dean E. Blythe Stason
(Research Club) "Legal Aspects of Re-
search in Atomic Energy."
The American Chemical Society, Uni-
versity of Michigan Section, will spon-
sor a talk by Dr. E. W. R. Steac'e, Pres-
ident, National Research Council of
Canada. He will talk on "Free Radical
Reactions," in 1300 Chemistry Build-
ing, at 8 p.m.
Trhe Undergraduate Botany Club
meets at 7:30 p.m. in 1139 Natural
Science Building. Dr. E. E. Steiner, of
the Botany Department, will talk. Ev-
eryone Invited.
Board of Representatives. Meeting to-
day at 4 p.m. in the League.
Literary College Conference. Import-
ant Steering Committee meeting, 3 p.m.,
1010 Angell Hall.
Roger Williams Guild. Midweek Chat
at the Guild house today from 4:30 to
5:45. Baptists drop in anytime for a
bit of refreshment.
The W.A.A. Folk and Square Club
will meet from 8 to 10 p.m. in the
w.A.B. Everyone welcome.
Delta Sigma Pi will meet at 7 p.m.
tonight at 927 Forest.
Russky Chorus. There will be a meet-
ing of the Russky Chorus at 7:30 in
the Bell Tower, ninth floor. Those en-
rolled in Russian classes are invited
to attend.
16, at 7:30 pAn. in Room 3-A of the
Michigan Union. Mr. J. W. Braithwaite,
of the Marquardt Aircraft Corp., will
speak on "The Development of Ram
Jet Power." Refreshments will be served.
American Societysfor Public Admin-
istration Social Seminar will meet
Thurs., Apr. 16, 7:30 p.m., West Con-
ference Room, Rackham Building. Pro-
fessor Wallace S. Sayre will speak on
"Some Political Aspects of Administra-
tion." Informal coffee hour will follow.
Members and all interested persons are
cordially invited.
Michigan Crib, Pre-Law Society, in-
vites all interested students, faculty
members, and the general public to
hear Mr. Edmond F. Devine speak on
"Politics and Law" on Thurs., Apr. 16,
at 8 p.m. in Room 3-D of the Michigan
Union. Mr. DeVine is Prosecutor of
Washtenaw County and Lecturer on
Criminal Law in the U. of M. Law
School.
Phi Beta Kappa. Initiation Banquet,
Mon., Apr. 20, Michigan Union, at 6:45
p.m. Dr. Lyman L. Bryson, Columbia
University, and Director of the CBS
program Invitation to Learning, will be
the speaker. Reservations should be
made at the office of the Secretary,
Hazel M. Losh, Observatory, by Friday
afternoon. Members of other Chapters
are invited.
Michigan Student Christian Convo-
cation, East Lansing, Sat., Apr. 18. Bus
will leave Lane Hall at 7:30 a.m. Make
reservations at Lane Hall before Thurs-
day evening.
International Center Weekly Tea for
foreign students and American friends
Thurs., Apr. 16, from 4:30 to 6 p.m.
Ukrainian Students' Club. Meeting
Thurs., Apr. 16, at 7 p.m. in the Made-
lon Pound House (1024 Hill St.) Guests
are welcome.
Kappa Phi. Supper meeting Thursday
at 5:15. Election of officers will be
held, so it is important that all mem-
bers and pledges be present.
Roger Williams Guild. Yoke Fellow-
ship meets at 7 a.m. Thursday in the
Prayer Room of the First Baptist
Church. All Baptist students are in-
vited to attend.
La Petite Causette will meet tomor-
row from 3:30 to 5:00 p.m. in the North
Cafeteria of the Michigan Union. All
interested students are invited.
Christian Science Organization. Tes-
timonial meeting Thurs., Apr. 16, at
7:30 Fireside Room, Lane Hall.
Alpha Phi Omega will meet on Thurs.,
Apr. 16, at 7 p.m. in the Michigan Un-
ion. All members are expected to at-
tend.
T etteT
TO THE EDITOR
~;v ~Rai
~PIY
--Herblockc
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
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MATT0 R OF AC
By JOSEPH and STEWART ALSOP
WASHINGTON-"I speak my piece; and then it's up to them." This
is the way President Eisenhower has defined his 'relations with
Congress to a recent visitor. All those around the President bear wit-
ness to his determination to "cooperate with Congress." This is a
laudable intention-but only so long as Congress is equally deter-
mined to cooperate with the President.
The existing relationship between Congress and the Presi-
dent presents, in fact, a curious anomaly.- Every sign suggests
that the President's popularity with the voters is immense, and
that he has a big potential majority in Congress for any legisla-
tion the Administration really wants. Yet the Administration
has not yet made up its collective mind just what it really does
want. And thus the Congressional reactionaries are seizing the
legislative ball and starting to run with it.
Take one specific example. On April 7th, the President "spoke
his piece" when he asked Congress to extend for one year the reci-
procal trade agreements act, which expires on June 12th. As the
President said in his message, this is a matter of crucial importance,
since it will determine the- Administration's whole future economic
policy. There is no doubt that the President himself adheres strongly
to the increasingly influential wing of the Republican party which
favors freer world trade.
Yet the Republicans who hanker for the era of the Smoot-Hawley
tariff are still very powerful in Congress, and they are also repre-
sented in the Administration. In the past, when a tariff act was
about to expire, Democratic administrations have sent their own
legislation to Congress early, in order to batter down the protect-
ionist opposition. This time, true to the Presidential theory of
"leaving it up to them," no administration bill was submitted.
In this case, "them" turned out to be the Republican mem-
hers of the House Ways and Means Committee, by and large as
Smoot-Hawley-minded a body as there is on Capitol Hill. No
word having come from the White House, on March 30th Rep.
Richard Simpson, with the powerful support of Committee Chair-
man Dan Reed, introduced his own bill. This bill, which will be
the point of departure for Congressional consideration of trade
policy, is a remarkable piece of work.
In the first place, it strips the President himself of his power to
review recommendations of the Tariff Committee, casting him in the
role of messenger boy for Congress. It increases the membership of
the Tariff Commission, the obvious intention being to pack the com-
mission with reliable protectionists. And it provides juicy bonanzas
for powerful special interests.
It provides, for example, steep sliding scale duties on lead and
zinc. This provision is reportedly a triumph for one of the Presi-
dent's own appointees-Assistant Secretary of the Interior Felix
Wormser. Wormser was formerly an official of the country's big-
gest lead and zinc smelting companys, and president of the Ameri-
can Lead Institute, which has long clamored for this kind of tariff
protection.
Another provision sets a low ceiling on oil imports. This has
the backing of a powerful coalition, including John L. Lewis's
mine union, the National Coal Association (which collected in
the last three months of 1952 about a third of a million dollars
to press this legislation) and the independent oil producers. The
interest of the coal men is obvious, since fuel oil is competitive
with coal as a source of power.
The chief interest of the oil producers is to prevent any possible
threat to the oil price structure, now largely protected by state regu-
latory commissions. This legislation would steeply increase the cost
of power to American consumers in many localities. It would create
economic chaos in such friendly, oil-producing countries as Vene-
zuela. And it would destroy American export markets worth hun-
dreds of millions, and even billions of dollars
But the point is not whether this is good or bad legislation.
I
4
f
M
The point is that it is the worst
possible start for the adminis-
tration's foreign economic pro-
gram. Moreover, this bad start
could very easily have been
avoided, if the Administration
had simply sent its own legisla-
tion to The Hill in good time.
This is only the most recent ex-
ample of the Administration's
tendency to leave a legislative
vacuum, into which the Con-
gressional reactionaries delight-
edly rush.
ti
The explanation seems simple
enough. When President Eisen-
hower took office, he was instant-
ly confronted with an endless ser-
ies of complicated and crucial
issues. Even among his own ap-
pointees, there was no agreement
on these issues, as the part played
in the tariff episode by Felix
Wormser suggests. It was far too
much to expect that the President
would instantly take firm and fi-
nal positions on all these matters,
many of them unfamiliar to him.
Indeed, he would have been wrong
to do so. In this situation, some
faltering was inevitable. But the
sooner this period of decision-
forming and self-education ends,
and the sooner the President de-
cides that his own party in Con-
gress has an equal duty to get
along with him, the better for all
concerned.
(Copyright, 1953, N.Y. Her. Trib., Inc.)
Sixty-Third Year
Edited and managed by students of
the University of Michigan under the
authority of the Board in Control of
Student Publications.
Editorial Staff
Crawford Young.......Managing Editor
Barnes Connable............City Editor
Cal Samra..........Editorial Director
Zander Hollander...;....Feature Editor
Sid Klaus.......Associate City Editor
Harland Britz........Associate Editor
Donna Hendleman......Associate Editor
Ed Whipple................Sports Editor
John Jenke.....Associate Sports Editor
Dick Seell......Associate Sports Editor
Lorraine Butler.......Women's Editor
Mary Jane Mills, Assoc. Women's Editor
Don Campbeli.....Chief Photographer
Business Staff
Al Green.......... ..Business Manager
Milt Goetz.......Advertising Manager
Diane Johnston....Assoc. Business Mgr.
Judy Loehnberg...Finance Manager
Harlean Hankin...Circulation Manager
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V
I
IProtest .. .
To the Editor:
MANY OF your readers, I trust,
will have been dismayed to
discover, on returning from vaca-
tion, that the Orpheum is now
functioning only on week-ends,
Friday through Sunday. Further-
more, the powers that be have de-
cided to close the theater for the
summer even earlier than usual
this year. The effect of these de-
cisions on the local film-goers diet
is obvious.
The official Butterfield Party
Line is that their distributors can-
not supply a sufficiency of the
type of film the Orpheum usually
runs. This is so transparent a
falsehood that no further com-
ment is needed except, perhaps, a
disbelieving grunt. Since the Or-
pheum makes money, there re-
mains only one plausible explana-
tion.
The other three theaters in Ann
Arbor (all part of the Butterfield
chain) are operating on too slim
a margin of profit to suit the
owners, if not actually in the
red. Perhaps the corporation be-
lieves that by closing the Orph-
eum, its customers will be forced
to attend the other movie houses,
7 d
o V, V
I