A

PAGE TWO

THE MICHIGAN DAILY

SATURDAY; MARCH 21, 1953



A Tax-cut
Or Defense
PRESIDENT EISENHOWER'S announce-
ment yesterday that the nation cannot
now afford to reduce its combat strength
could draw a triumphant "I told you so"
from many Democrats.
During the '52 election campaign, it was
pointed out that Republican promises of
large cuts in government spending (Ike
himself mentioned a possible $10 billion
budget cut) would be impossible to make
good without cutting into military appro-
priations, which represent about seven-
eighths of the whole budget.
The lesson that it is easier to talk big
before an election than after is a good one.
There are those, however, who would still
sacrifice national security for an unrealistic
plank in a party platform. The President is
certainly going to need all the support he
can get to resist such reckless proposals as
GOP Rep. Reed's meat-axe tax cut bill.
Rep. Reed said yesterday that Republican
leaders will have gained office under false
pretenses if they don't cut taxes.
It is said, however, that many of the
President's advisers favor not less, but
more defense spending. The gaping loop-
holes in our civil defense program and
General Van Fleet's complaint about the
lack of ammunition in Korea are just a
couple of reasons why more defense
spending may be' needed.
If the President has the courage to in-
sist that real security is more essential than
a tax cut, he should receive the support of
all citizens, Democratic or Republican, who
are sincerely interested in the national wel-
fare.
Jon Sobeloff
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily
are written by members of The Daily staff
and represent the views of the writer only.
This must be noted in all reprints.
NIGHT EDITOR; ALICE BOGDONOFF

..

CINEMA

P '1

Architecture Auditorium
THE GHOST GOES WEST, with Robert
Donat and Jean Parker.
W ITH A PLEASANT story, capable actors,
and the direction of Rene Claire, this
picture- is generally smooth and consistent.
But in failing to follow up vigorously its be-
ginning ideas, it misses the vitality and
sparkle of really good comedy.
The opening situation is promising
enough. A floppish seventeenth century
Scotch nobleman, who spends his time
trifling with sheperdesses, is called on by
his dying father to defend the family
honor. He fails miserably, getting killed in
the process. So, condemned to roam the
family. castle until he redeems himself, be
finds himself in the twentieth century in
the hands of a penniless descendant and a
millionaire American family.
Robert Donat, in the double role of ghost
and heir, gives a well-defined personality to
both. And despite the handicaps of a rather
stock part, Jean Parker manages to be
fairly lively as a carefree American playgirl.
However, after the acquisitive Ameri-

cans have bought the castle and started
shipping it to America, the picture goes
suddenly limp. The possibilities for satire
-good satire-are promising, but noth-
ing seems to happen. Only rather false
and timid gibes are attempted. For in-
stance, on being delivered with his -castle
at New York, the ghost gets in the middle
of a shooting fracas between gangsters
and policemen. Looking bewildered, he
declares "But I don't like America." This
surface approach to surface attitudes
vitiates most of the attempted satire. Ex-
cept on the level of superficial prejudices
which everyone knows about and is tired
of, nothing very much is done with the
contrast between tradition-clad Europe
and brash young America.
Fortunately, the love affair is worked out
with a light touch that keeps it interesting
throughout. Occasional clever devices,. like
the installation of a radio in the helm of an
ancestral suit of armor, help too. But the
total effect is one of polite and insipid parlor
conversation, when a sharp, witty repartee
is expected.
--Bob Holloway

"Down, Boy - Down"
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tette4 TO THE EDITOR
The Daily welcomes communications from its readers on matters of
general interest, and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer
and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words in length, defamatory or
libelous'letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good. taste will
be condensed, edited or withheld from publication at the discretion of the
editors.

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Student Apathy ...
To' the Editor:
MR. ROBERT CARR said some-
thing that was important
enough in his letter to be repeat-
ed at least again today. (Students
are getting so apathetic around
here they probably don't even read
the letters to the Editor everyday
any more.) Among a lot of other
things, Mr. Carr said, "Perhaps
... the 'apathy' (same old Stu-
dent Apathy we keep reading
about in the Daily) is a rebellion
to both organized futility and Uni-
versity paternalism over the stu-
dent body . ..
Take the Student Legislature
i

DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN


MATTER OF FACT
.y JOSEPH and STEWART ALSOP

ON THE
WASHINGTON
MERRY-GO-HOUND
WITH DREW PEARSON

11


WASHINGTON-This is the conclusion of
a series of reports on the urgent prob-
lem of American air defense. The complex
facts already set forth may be simply sum-
marized. We have no air defense today. In
two years' time, we shall be nakedly ex-
posed to air-atomic destruction by the
Kremlin.

COMMUNIST INROADS:
Middle East Turmoil

By WILLIAM L. RYAN
AP Foreign Affairs Analyst
A YOUNG ARAB leader is lionized by Com-
munists on an all-expenses paid trip to
Vienna .. .
A Moslem priest is lured behind the Iron
Curtain as a peace delegate and finds the
red carpet rolled out for him .,..
A university student with powerful fam-
ily connections is flattered as an advance-
guard intellectual ...
The young Arab returns to the Middle
East and soon finds himself a cog in the
Communist organization within his trade
union. The mullah preaches, that religion is
tespected in the Communist world, that
Communism is not incompatible with Islam.
The university student's connections get him
a job with a key government ministry, and
either through flattery or blackmail he is
induced to take orders from a Communist
contact.
This is the way Moscow's agents work
in their patient, long-range program in
the vast, sandy, poverty-stricken Middle
East. The stakes are (1) domination of a
hundred million people, (2) control of
strategic approaches to three continents,
and (3) access to the world's greatest oil
reserves.
Joseph Stalin's death will mean no pause
in the Red program. The word went out
immediately from the new master, Georgi
Malenkov. There will be no relaxation of
Soviet "interest" in the "workers of capi-
talist and colonial countries."
This interest centers on youth. The slow,
steady drive has been spreading infection
among young people-students, intellectuals
and workers. An extensive tour, all the way
from Kenya colony in East Africa to Iran
on the USSR's borders in Asia, makes these
conclusions inescapable:
1) Soviet agents in many guises, aim-
ing their heaviest artillery at the young
educated groups, have achieved notable
gains which have perpnitted Communists
and usable fellow travelers to penetrate
high places.
2) Soviet propaganda hits first at the in-
tellectuals, then at labor, then at religion,
preying upon youthful ideals of social jus-
tice, upon the embitterment of mass poverty
and upon the ancient and modern prejudices
and conflicts in which the whole area
abounds.
3) The Communists have successfully
penetrated virtually all nationalist move-
ments, some to a greater degree than others,
in the current surge of African and Mid-
dle East nationalisms. They use these pas-
sions as a tool for keeping backward na-
tions in a state of turmoil, and to whip up
hatreds for western nations.
Communist success in penetrating the
universities of the Middle East, both
among the faculties and the student bod-
ies, is admitted by most persons in au-
thority. The penetration has been ex-
tremely strong in Egypt and the Sudan,
and is increasing noticeably in the other
Arab countries.
Many a student of good family, sold a
Communist bill of goods, will turn up at a

creased its pressure throughout the Mid-
East in the past year.
In the field of religion they have used
the services of embittered or ambitious
sheikhs and mullahs to further Soviet pro-
paganda. They have used the Soviet Un-
ion's anti-Zionism with telling effect in
the Arab world.
In the field of nationalism, they have call-
ed for united fronts against what they term
"American-British imperialism." They have
joined honest nationalist movements and
made significant headway in some cases to-
ward pointing such movements in the di-
rection of the chaos they seek.
All this has been done with small forces.
That factor has led many in authority to
discount the importance of the Red drive in
this strategic part of the world. Yet the
Communists never have needed or wanted
unwieldly, undisciplined large numbers. A
small core is sufficient to assert influence
among vast masses of under-schooled, un-
der-fed, under-clothed people.
The immediate goal is not the capture
of governments. The whole pattern of
Communist activity, abetted by Soviet
and satellite nation's agents, suggests the
primary aim is to create turmoil, to keep
the area in constant ferment, to neutra-
lize it and later to assert Soviet influence
over it.
In virtually all Mid-East nations, the
Communist Party is illegal and under-
ground. But in an area where virtually all
political parties are surpressed, the Com-
munists have succeeded in many places in
achieving alliances, joining dissident groups
to work against the established authority.
In Iran, on the eastern flank of the West's
civilization, Communism is strong and bet-
ter organized than any other political group.
In Arab lands-Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan
-the party is still in the conspiratorial
stage, but extremely active on a small scale.
In Syria, it has managed to keep con-
stant pressure on such groups as the Syr-
ian trade union federation. The federa-
tion has resisted the attacks of the WFTU
and its Communist agents.
In Lebanon, the party is extremely active,
and is making a concerted attempt to in-
filtrate the ranks of university students,
with some success. It is also heavily ex-
ploiting the issue of thb Arab refugees from
Israel, and, as in all the Arab world, it is
playing strongly on the Soviet anti-Zionist
movement.
Communist sympathies, born of frustra-
tion and bitterness, abound among the near-
ly one million refugees from Israel camped
in Arab countries. One Arab leader asserts
that almost any refugee is a potential Com-
munist. The plight of the refugees repre-
sents a cancer in the heart of the Middle
East, open to easy exploitation. Communist
agents are extremely active among them,
often drawing recruits. Some Arab leaders
go so far as to say the refugee problem is
the key to the Middle East's future.
In exploiting differences between Arabs
and the West, the Communists have not
overlooked the Moslem religion. At the
present time two prominent sheikhs, Mo-

The longer you reflect upon these facts,
the more you must become convinced that
' one of the great American failures of
these difficult post-war years, has been
the failure to grasp the meaning of the
atomic bomb in Soviet hands.
From start to finish, wishfulness and
self-deception have reigned unchallenged.
The Soviets were never expected to produce
an atomic bomb as soon as September, 1949.
When they touched off their atomic ex-
plosion, the whole government, from Presi-
dent Truman down, soothingly promised
that the Soviet bomb really did not make
much difference. To this very day, the So-
viet bomb has not been taken into account
in American military planning or strategy
or policy-making.
Each of the services has sought to use
the bomb to strengthen its own traditional
pattern. None has seriously considered how
the bomib might break up that pattern.
The Navy is spending untold sums on
giant carriers to serve as bomb-launching
platforms. But the Navy has no known
answer to the fearful effect of water-
exploded atomic bombs on carrier task
forces. In Exercise Mainbrace, only a few
score hostile bomber sorties were permit-
ted. Only the smallest percentage of
R.A.F. bombers got through.
The Army endlessly boasts of its atomic
cannon. But it says nothing about the ef-
fect of atomic bombs on ground force plan-
ning. President Eisenhower's own plans for
the NATO defense of Western Europe
squarely depends on the West European
ports to supply the armies in the field. Yet
all those ports are hardly defended in the
air, and all are within easy range of the
Soviet twin-engined jet bombers, capable
of delivering atomic bombs, which are now
stationed in East Germany.
The Air Force is strong on atomic striking
power, and keeps repeating that "offense
is the best defense." Hence air defense has
consistently been given a low priority. And
now come the scientists of Project Lincoln
and the Summer Study Group, with their
warning that the United States, including
the bases of the Strategic Air Command,
may be "devastated" by air-atomic attack
within two years.
The plain truth is that the uniformed
services have blandly gone on behaving as
though the American atomic monopoly
had never been broken. So has the civil-
ian leadership. The civilian leaders have
done everything to conceal from our peo-
ple the great change in their situation.
They have done nothing to edcate the
country about the problem to be solved or
the danger to be overcome. And so the
first reports of the need for a huge air
defense program are greeted with incre-
dulity and alarm.
The first truth to be recognized, if we
are now to be honest with ourselves, is
that the Soviet atomic bomb has altered
the familiar face of our world.
The second truth to be recognized, which
is also important, is that the Soviet atomic
bomb symbolizes an even larger process.
The great changes wrought by the collapse
of the American atomic monopoly were not
the first such changes and will not be the
last.
By any proper test, the news that the
brilliant scientists of Project Lincoln and
the Summer Study Group have now de-
signed an effective air defense, ought to be
greeted as the best news heard in a long
time. The need for a truly effective air
defense has long been glaringly obvious.
But until the Project Lincoln-Summer
Study Group scientists reported their
findings, an effective air defense seemed
to be a technical impossibility. The Am-
erican government has been shown how
to meet a crying need, and there should
be rejoicing, instead of long faces, at the

WASHINGTON-This column has obtained a copy of the drastic,
secret order from Undersecretary of Defense Roger Kyes to the
secretaries of the Army, Navy, and Air Force ordering the heaviest
military budget cuts since the end of the war.
While the order shows a sincere effort to balance the over-all
national budget, the cut of $4,300,000,000 comes when the United
States had only 75 jet planes in Europe against Russia's 8,000 at
the time the U.S. jet was shot down over Germany; and at a
time when other planes have been menaced in other areas.
Most significant part of the drastic order is that budget cuts are
based on the assumption "that combat will continue at not less than
the present rate" for the next two years. In other words, the White
House takes a pessimistic view of the Korean fighting-despite certain
hopes and statements made last fall.
The Truman defense budget, which Secretary of Defense Wil-
son recently said he could not cut, called for $45.5 billion of
military spending for the fiscal year 1954. That's the year begin-
ning July 1. The National Security Council, on an order from
budget director Joe Dodge, now proposes to reduce this to $41.2
billion. The heads of the Army, Navy and Air Force are given
only three weeks in which to make this cut. Furthermore the se-
cret order discusses the "expenditures" budget, not the appropria-
tions to be passed by Congress. In other words, the memo dis-
cussed actual cuts in military spending.
Here is the top-secret order, dated March 9, 1953, sent by deputy
secretary Kyes to the secretaries of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
DEADLINE: MARCH 24
"AT THE National Security Council meeting on 4 March 1953 it was
agreed that there would be an exploration and appraisal of the
effect of approaching a balanced budget by fiscal year 1954 and
achieving a balanced budget in fiscal year 1955. As part of this
study, the Department of Defense was directed to submit to the
council by 24 March 1953 a statement as to (1) revisions in the pro-
grams which would be necessary to reduce them to certain specified
expenditure levels, and (2) the effect of these revisions in relation
to currently approved national security policies and objectives.
. "As a basis for this study, the director of the bureau of the
budget proposed, and the'council agreed, that certain assumed
total expenditure limits should be assigned the executive depart-
ments and agencies. For the Department of Defense, the amount
allocated on an expenditure basis is $41.2 billion for fiscal year
1954 and $34.6 billion for fiscal year 1955. There was also an
allocation made for the Mutual Security Program, and the posi-
tion which was subsequently sub-allocated for military assistance
on an expenditure basis is $4.3 billion for fiscal year 1954 and
$3.1 billion for fiscal year 1955.
"It is requested that each of the military departments prepare a
statement, supported by a detailed cost category statement, indicating
the forces that could be maintained with these expenditures, taking
into account the following assumptions: (A) That basic units and
combat strength be maintained wherever possible, and reductions
first applied to overhead personnel and the less necessary projects
with, however, proper emphasis placed on modernization of equip-
ment; (B) That the uncollected balance in the ordnance procurement
account of the army management fund shall remain during the suc-
ceeding two fiscal years at the same level as 30 June 1953; (C) That
expenditures will be made of unspent working funds administered by
other agencies; (D) That combat will continue at not less than the
present rate during the two-year period under consideration; (E)
That full consideration will be given to the effect of funds which would
be spent during the period involved under the military assistance
program and forces achieved as a result of our combined efforts with
our allies.
* * *. *
WIDE-OPEN INSTRUCTIONS
"THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF are requested to review the state-
ments provided by each of the military departments and to pro-
vide this office no later than 0900 on 20 March 1953:
"(A) Recommendations regarding any adjustments within
or between the military departments in the military composition
or support of the forces proposed by the military departments
which in their opinion would increase the ability of the U.S.
to carry out its current policies and commitments within the total
expenditure allocation to the Department of Defense.
"(B) Evaluation of the capabilities of such forces to carry out
presently approved policies and commitments.
"(C) Evaluation of the nature and extent of modifications that
would need to be made in presently approved policies and commit-
ments."
NOTE-The instructions to the Joint Chiefs, it will be noted,
open the door wide for them to revise the whole defense structure. In
other words, they could throw out supercarriers or do whatever they
think best to keep military spending within the $41.2-billion limit.
This means such drastic cuts that you can almost see the baldheaded
shadow of budget-cutter Louis Johnson stalking the Pentagon corri-
dors again.
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The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of the University
of Michigan for which the Michigan
Daily assumes no editorial responsi-
bility. Publication in it is construc-
tive notice to all members of the
University. Notices should be sent in
TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 2552
Administration Building before 3 p.m.
the day preceding publication (before
11 a.m. on Saturday.)
SATURDAY, MARCH 21, 1953
Vol. LXII, No. 117
Academic Notices
Doctoral Examination for Robert wil-
liam Cavanaugh, Music; thesis: "The
Anthems in Musica Deo Sacra by Thom-
as Tomkins," Sat., Mar. 21, East Coun-
cil Room, Rackham Building, at 8
a.m. Chairman, J. H. Lowell.
Doctoral Examination for John Fred-
erick Ewing, Metallurgical Engineering;
thesis: "Fundamental Factors of Hot
working which Influence, the High-
Temperature Strength of a Solution-
Strengthened, Heat-Resistant Alloy,"
Sat., Mar. 21, 3201 East Engineering, at
2 p.m. Chairman, J. w. Freeman.
Doctoral Examination for John Nor-
man Dew, Chemical Engineering, thesis:
"The Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide
on a Nickel Catalyst," Mon., Mar. 23,
3201 East Engineering Building at 2
p.m. Chairman, R. R. White.
DoctoralExamination for Sarah More-
hart Schoonover, Education; thesis:
"Sibling Resemblances in Achieve-
ment," Mon., Mar. 23, East Council
Room, Rackham Building at 3 p.m.
Chairman, W. C. Olson.
Doctoral Examination for Gerald Lu-
ther Thompson, Mathematics; thesis:
"Projective Relations in Modular Lat-
tices," Mon., Mar. 23, 3218 Angell Hall,
at 7:30 p.m. Chairman, R. M. Thrall.
Interdepartmental Seminar on Meth-
ods of Machine Computation. Meeting
Mon., Mar. 23, 4:30 p.m., 429 Mason
Hall. "Automatic Wind Tunnel Data
Reduction," Captain vince Hanneman,
USAF, Department of Aeronautical En-
gineering.
Events Today
S. R. A. Saturday Lunch Discussion
at Lane Hall, 12 noon, Mr. E. H. Smith,
secretary of the Student Volunteer
Movement, resourceperson.
Beacon luncheon at 12:00 in the
League. Dr. Ramzi will give a talk on
the topic of "Existentialism" after
lunch in Burton Memorial Tower.
The African Union presents a "Cul-
tural Programme" at Rackham on Sat.,
Mar. 21, at 8 p.m. There will be African
dances, songs, short plays, and social
dancing. Light refreshments willbe
served. Small admission. All are cor-
dially invited.
Hillel Foundation. Manhattan Towers
Dance from 9 to 1, featuring Novelaires,
Union Opera Stars. Admission.
Congregational Desciples Guild. The
Fireside program, originally scheduled
for this evening, has been postponed.
Coming Events
Michigan Christian Fellowship will
sponsor a series on the meaning of
Easter, Mon.-Wed. at the League. The
lecture-discussions will be held at 4:15
p.m.nand 8 p.m., led by Rev. D. H. Mac-
Lennon of St. George's Anglican
Church, Hamilton, Ontario.

for instance (seems like 'most any-
body can): a few years back a lot
of students must have thought the
University was serious about giv-
ing students self government. (You
know, something like the United
States and Cuba; "Sure, go ahead
and govern yourselves, but don't
stop growing sugar.") So the stu-
dents decided through their legis-
lature to do something good and
important and American (in the
anti-McCarran sense of the word)
and they got all enthused about it
and worked real hard for a couple
of years and finally decided to
kick all the organizations with
"bias clauses" out of here with a
nice, slow, gradual kick.
Then the President vetoed it,
said it had something to do with
property values, as I remember;
and then all the students saw the
University had been kidding all
along.
So now they feel "apathetic"
toward their representative legis-
lature; if they're going to be ba-
bied, they'd rather get their baby-
ing individuially.
Well, if this is ;'turning in-
ward," it Sounds like a pretty good
thing-shows the students can
recognize a fraud when they see
one. Seems like the legislature is
being used right now pretty much
the way football is: a way of get-
ting rid of the students' excess
energy and keeping them from do-
ing so much thinking and, maybe,
doing something serious-like try-
ing to kick out the bias clauses.
(After they get a little older,
they'll begin to take those ideals
Jefferson and those people wrote
down with a few shares of A.T.-
&T. )
But right now we got a pretty
serious situation on our hands;
the students aren't all out doing
a lot of fool things that don't mean
anything. McCarthy, and all that,
has got a lot of students thinking,
"withdrawing" into little groups
of friends, talking together pri-
vately, and-someday when they-
're thirty or forty and some of
them have got enough money to
be listened to-it's liable to all
come of something that no Presi-
dent is going to veto.
-Donald Hope
Sixty-Third Yea
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Little Man On Campus

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