I PAGE FOUR THE MICHIGAN DAILY TUESDAY, MAY 27,195? PAGE FOUR TUESDAY, MAY 27, 1952 U BOOK REVIEW I 'Shirtsleeve Economics' SHIRTSLEEVE ECONOMICS, by Wil- liam A. Paton, Edmund S. Gay, Professor of Accounting, School of Business Armin- istration, Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. TUDENTS OF accounting in the School of Business Administration will need little introduction to this book or its au- thor. For nearly 40 years, Prof. William A. Paton, one of the nation's outstanding au- thorities on accounting theory and practice, has been know by his students as much for his slam-bang, off-the-cuff attacks on the socialist "do-gooders" as he has been for his authoritative approach to accounting pro- cedures. In "Shirtsleeve Economics," however, the "Great White Father" of all Bus-Ad stu- dents steps forth from his accounting sanc- tuary in the Monroe Street tower and issues a ringing defense of the free enterprise sys- tem, directed towards "those who are will- ing to tackle the job of understanding what's going on nowadays with their coats off." His students will readily recognize his familiar attacks on governmental policies but for the uninitiated Patonian, "Shirt- sleeve Economics" presents an extremely stimulating and controversial analysis of the economic facts of life. Paton's central thesis, which permeates every page of his book, is that production, and only production, is the key to econo- mic well-being and a high standard of living. "The only possible way to increase the average share of the consumer is to. expand production, and with a decline in output the average share is bound to be reduced." But how do we obtain this production? For Paton the answer lies only in the free enterprise system which rewards the pro- ducer by enabling him "to receive the equi- valent of what he contributes to the econo- my." Leveling his sights on the economic planners of the New-Fair Deal variety, Pa- ton asserts that the governmental policies of the past 20 years have generally been re- strictie-"they have been designed "to prop up tha weak and discourage the strong." Government loan policies, "fair trade" laws, the harassing of big and efficient enter- prises and "a schme of taxation on indivi- dual incomes and business earnings which tends to curtail long-run future output by impairing growth of capital funds and the incentives to increase activity," have all placed far-reaching restraints on our eco- nomic system and are leading the nation down a one-way road to state socialism and a lower standard of living. * * * HOW DO WE DETERMINE the produ- tive contribution of each individual and hence his just share of the nation's output? Here again Paton readily finds the answer within the framework of the free enter- prise competitive market system. But if this system is to operate correctly it must be left free from all government intervention. "The human being is beset with plenty of troubles and has enough problems to solve to occupy all his time and energy without tackling the administration of processes that work best when left alone," says Paton. He colorfully illustrates this point by citing the fable of Miss Centipede, who when asked by Mr. Beetle to "show me how you move the fifth leg on your left side," struggled so Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writer only. This must be noted in all reprints. NIGHT EDITOR: VIRGINIA VOSS hard and so desperately to move only that one particular leg that "she wrought her- self to such a pitch, she stretched out help- less in the ditch." Paton would relegate to government (which he terms "nothng but institution- alized force, coercion, a factor which must be kept at a minimum if tyranny is to be avoided) a relatively narrow role-police protection, providing monetary facilities, enforcing vigorous competition and other specifically defined tasks. Attacking the plethora of government ex- penditures in the past 20 years, Paton points out that the process of government hand- outs under one guise or another "is simply the process of diverting the taxpayer's pur- chasing power-or what's left of it after the heavy cost of administration has been deducted-to those who are on the lists of beneficiaries. It should not be assumed that "Shirt- sleeve Economics" is merely a defense of the independent businessman. Paton is as cri- tical of the interferences with the free en- terprise system created by monopolies as with those created by the government poli- cies. "Those who prate of 'free enterprise and at the same time use their influence to establish pressure groups and break down competition (through collusion and coer- cion) are of no help to the cause to which they give lip service; instead they are fos- tering, perhaps unwittingly, the drive toward state socialism, the 'queue society'." * * * PROF. PATON does not confine his anal- ysis of economic affairs to the broader outlines of general principles. He attacks with a vengeance (and with keen insight) such specific problems as the corporate structure ("the investor is indeed the for- gotten man of this era"); social security measures ("no human arrangement or in- stitution, governmental or otherwise, can guarantee all of us, for the indefinite future a specified standard of living"); labor ("col- lective bargaining tends to prevent employ- ers from offering better pay for superior performance and thousands of workers are put at the disposal of the union boss to be sold on whatever terms he agrees to, like a rancher might sell a herd of cattle); agri- cultural policies and utility regulation. While the reader may not disagree with Prof. Paton's belief that the free enter- prise system is unquestionably the most desirable system, both economically and socially, he may well ask whether such a system is possible in the modern world of gigantic enterprise and extremely compli- cated economic structures. The vast majority of the American busi- nessmen and workers unfortunately do not have the same strong-willed, highly indivi- dualistic characteristics as Prof. Paton. And many readers may find it impossible, in view of the ever-present and oppressive threat of communistic totalitarianism, to accept Pa- ton's view that periodic fluctuations such as the collapse in the early thirties "are part of the cost of having a dynamic incentive system." But agree or disagree, "Shirtsleeve Eco- nomics" is extremely interesting and worth- while reading. Those who believe in the tra- ditional "laissez faire" economics of the classical school will nod vigorously in whole- hearted assent as they turn the pages. And those followers of the more recent Keyn- sian-Hansen school will undoubtedly just as vigorously denounce this "Parade of Paton- ian Prejudices." But none will denounce the forthright approach,the challenging readi- ness to "take on all comers" and the salty flavor of Paton's style. -Jim Brown Minority Pressure THE SUPREME COURT yesterday finally ended the long and acrimonious con- troversy over "The. Miracle" with a ruling that a state may not ban a film on the grounds that it is sacriligious. The high tri- bunal unanimously reversed the judgment of New York's high court of appeals, which had upheld a ban on the showing of the Roberto Rosselini film by the state's license commissioner. Initially, the showing of the film in New York City had brought down a mel- ange of criticism chiefly from Catholic quarters, supported by a cross-section of Protestants, who claimed that it "mocked the divine birth of Christ." After the Le- gion of Decency dubbed the film "sac- riligeous," pickets organized by Catholic War Veterans descended upon theatres showing the movie. Some boycotts were also organized before "The Miracle" went to court. Later, it was feared that the same fate awaited one of 1951's finest pictures -- "Street Car Named Desire." But, fortunate- ly, an effective opposition never crystallized, though a great deal of pressure was brought to bear to "tone down" the Elia Kazan pro- duction. Of course the practice of picketing films and exerting pressure on Hollywood studios while a movie is still in an embryonic stage has not been limited solely to Catholic groups. Jewish War Veterans and Negro or- ganizations have often been guilty of similar tactics. Objections to "Oliver Twist" and "Birth of a Nation" were frequently ex- pressed through picket lines. Such incidents have had a significant impact on the movie industry. Recently, 16 big theater operators throughout the countrywired N.Y. offices, Theatre Own- ers of America, to rush the names of films on various "blacklists." This hysteria an- ticipates a chain reaction which is bound to end with the American artist, shack- ling a freedom which has heretofore been limited only by legal injunctions against libel, slander, and pornography. Regardless of the ill taste of some of these movies, bans, pickets, boycotts, and pressure by any group cannot be reasonably justi- fied. Such tactics encroach upon the right of the American public to choose its enter- tainment, and may reflect unfavorably on the freedom of the American artist. -Cal Samra & Mil Pryor IDRAMA1 At Lydia Mendelssohn . . THE FOURPOSTER, with Burgess Mere- dith and Betty Field, presented by the Ann Arbor Drama Season. JOSE FERRER, the man somebody said was the Broadway season this year, came to Ann Arbor yesterday and has lent some of his talent to the local scene. With the help of two engaging veterans, Burgess Meredith and Betty Field, he put on a hand- some production of a so-so play. As was the case in most of the others plays with which he has been lately associated, he, with his stars, triumphed over material that was just one level above the soap serial. The play and the production deserve to be separateiy assessed. First, the play, dealing as it does with the thirty-five years' progress of a marriage, is naturally subject to the terrific temptation of the domestic cliche. This, unfortunately, is not often overcome. Framed in six scenes, the events of the drama naturally occur on "important" days in the lifetime of the married couple. These days (the wedding night, the first baby, the other woman, the daughter's fiance, etc.) already have an aura of the cliche around them. The Herculean task of separating them from the familiar Hollywood stereotypes of the situations was, with possibly one excep- tion, not accomplished. The freshest episode, and certainly the only one that gave either character any substantial depth, was the first scene in the third act. There, Agnes, the wife, sensing a void in life after the marriage of her daughter decides she will leave Michael. The quiet, clever analysis of the situation by the husband ending in their reconciliation pre- sents the single instance that suggests either character has any fundamental in- telligence or unexaggerated feeling. As before, however, just as it seemed a core of development had been struck, the necessary closing of the episode forced a readjustment and new preparation for another patly contained interlude of do- mestic storm or bliss. Consequently, as a moving drama, "The Fourposter" failed. As a "sheer" comedy, its humor consisted too often of "this has happened to you" situations which are supposed to be sure- fire. The opening night audience, in gen- eral, seemed to continue to find it so. As for the production, there was no way to pick which of the two stars to prefer. Both showed real virtuosity, falling into extrava- gance only when there was no way out. They made the often senseless inconsisten- cies of the characters into an asset. Each of them was, with full assurance, both bold and timid, sentimental and practical, calm and aroused. Certainly they will be well p . HALL ~~ 4 " ._ _- - D++ E jric .s .a la, ir a. Iettei TO THE EDITOR The Daily welcomes communications from its readers on matters of general interest, and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words in length, defamatory or libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will be condensed, edited or withheld from publication at the discretion of the editors. MATTER OF FACT By JOSEPH and STEWART ALSOP .. WASHINGTON-Secretary of State Dean G. Acheson has just flown to Europe, to put the semi-final touches to a grand design. The new status of Germany; the German contribution to western defense; the European army which so hopefully foreshadows a larger Euro- pean union-these are great achievements. Or rather, they will be great achievements if the signed agreements are ratified by the French and German Parliaments. Unfortunately these European successes cannot offset the failures of our policy in other regions. In the Middle East and South-East Asia, there are no urgent crises at the moment, to occupy the headlines and force the policy makers to reach deci- sions. But in both areas, there is the same pattern of dreary de- terioration, with much the same causes, and with the same threat of catastrophe ahead. As any newspaper reader will remember, the trouble in the Middle East began with the oil crisis in Iran; spread thence to Egypt and has now transferred itself to French North Africa. A decisive effort might have stopped the Iranian oil crisis at the outset. There was no su'ch effort, since Britain and America were divided as to what should be done. Today, the picture in each of the three trouble centers is decidedly ugly. In Iran, the regime of the aged Prime Minister Mohammed Mos- sadegh has bankrupted the country. There is no cash left to pay the army or maintain the pensions of the tens of thousands of unemployed oil workers. Hence Mossadegh may fall. Yet there is little reason to believe that the fall of Mossadegh will be the prelude to an oil settle- ment. And nothing but an oil settlement which will replenish the de- pleted treasury with oil revenues can save Iran from some sort of final crack-up. Equally, the British and Egyptians have now broken off their,. talks about control of the Sudan and the presence of the British gar- rison at Suez. These two issues have already caused the whole center of Cairo to be burned by the mobs. A failure to settle them is like a failure to de-fuse a bomb. Finally, the French are now engaged in a violent struggle with native nationalism in Tunisia, and the unrest is spreading to Mor- occo. The situation in French North Africa might become more manageable, if the source of infection were removed by settle- ments in Egypt and Iran. As matters stand, things are likely to go from bad to worse in this area which now contains our most important overseas air bases. In South-East Asia, the outlook is still more ominous. In Burma, the Communists have united, are making alliances with the dissident tribesmen and are directly threatening the feeble and distracted cen- tral government. In Malaya, the British have yet to make any solid progress in their costly, bloody struggle against the Communist guer- rillas. And in Indo-China, the war against the Communist armies of the Viet-Minh continues without interruption, and exhausting the re- sources that France needs for Europe. In almost any one of all these countries, a quite casual accident will be enough to produce a full-scale catastrophe. In the case of Indo-China, for example, the French people are increasingly hostile to the war there, and increasingly worried about having to keep the'- bulk of their armed forces in the Tongkink"delta while Germany re- arms across the Rhine. At any moment, another reshuffle of the, French Cabinet can produce a government unwilling to carry on the Indo-China war. And then the choice will lie between filling the va- cuum ourselves, or seeing all of South-East Asia go the way of China. (Copyright, 1952, New York Herald Tribune, Inc.) [DAILY OFFICIAL BULLE TIN Overt Expression . . . To the Editor: AFTER reading Donna Hendle- man's article concerning the demonstration which took place in front of the Ad. Building last Friday, I realized that she and others like her had received the wrong impression of this attempt- ed rally. She did not try to under- stand this "emotional harangue" as she called it. The rally was comparatively unplanned and un- organized. This was due to the lack of time and the fact that it was not backed by any campus political organization. A group of students who had had no previous experience in organizing a dem- onstration of this type felt that something immediate should be done to protest not only Hatcher's .veto of the anti-bias clause but also the disregarding of student opinion by the administration. Be- cause Hatcher vetoed this clause over the recommendations of the SL and the SAC he was obviously ignoring the voice of thestudents. It is true that there were only a small number of students who started the rally and took an ac- tive part in it, but there were also a large number of interested by- standers who perhaps would have participated if there had been a speaker and if the rally had been better organized. Perhaps the rally was badly planned but it must be remember- ed that all other courses of action had been closed. Many students have used all the formal methods, which have been at their dispos- al. to express their opinions,sand these methods have not been ef- fective in influencing the actions of the administration so far. Now these students do not know what effective means to use and it is only natural that they should ex- periment with this overt form of expression. It must be remembered that this is only the first' attempt of stu- dents on our campus to carry out any thing of this sort-perhaps in the future rallys of this type will be better planned and there- fore play a constructive part in voicing student protest. -Pat Murphy Riotous Spring . To the Editor: LIFE covers the campus riots this this week, and quotes a pro- found statement by sexpert Kin- sey, that "Campus riots are a long psychiatric a n d psychological problem. ... "I don't know that I qualify as an expert on anything, much less sex, but I would like to outline my ideas on the signifi- cance of the "riotous Spring" we have had. Due to their forced involvement in the prosecution of the national policy, veterans returning from WW II felt obliged, and were en- couraged by some interests, to par- ticipate actively on the political scene. But when they learned that action is slow and difficult, and when the GI bill and a healthy postwar economy provided the basis for their material satisfac- tion, they petered out of the social action scene, leaving the admin- istration of national problems to their elders aid superiors, as they had been trained to do in the service. The sprouts who missed the ser- vice experience but grew up in its shadow, had become accustomed to a political scene in which policy was not "decided," but forced by events and circumstances beyond control or comprehension. So the apathy set in which several an- but can't vote? Why are we so unwelcome in the councils of de- cision? We stood by, to let our elders. solve the problems of the world, and they have failed; fail- ed to the extent that we stand at the brink of international disaster and on many a campus at the point of losing our self respect. This "Spring Madness" pheno- mena is but one manifestation of a general cry, "ENOUGH!" The pot has come to a boil. As a grad- uating senior I have one regret: I won't be here in the Fall to see the lid blow off. -Frank Blair * * * Bicycle License e . To the Editor: THIS MORNING I was peaceful- ly riding my bicycle down to the corner to mail a letter home to the effect that everything was go- ing as unsmoothly as could be ex- vected. Immediately behind me an explosive blast on a police six en caused my ascension to the top of the nearest tree. My head became full of every imaginable thought. My conscience was having night- mares! "What did I do now? Was it the woman I hit the other day? Did they find out?" The police wagon wheels over in front of me and the officer, debating whether or not to draw his pistol, comes flying out of the car. "WHERE IS YOUR BICYCLE LICENSE?" Up- on heaving a great sigh of relief, I received a traffic ticket. The city ordinance, "An Ordi nance Aegulating the Operation of Bicycles and Other Similar Ve- hicles upon the public streets of Ann Arbor," 1937, is now being en- forced as of this last Thursday. In other words, our city bloodsuckers have just launched.another spring offensive before we can escape them for the summer. They have even so planned that the amuse- ment tax will be voted upon in August when the student body is away from campus. Nothing more need be saidrabout these parasitic practices, for which we get abso- lutely nothing in return. Just pray to the heavens above that we be not taxed next fall for' the sidewalks upon which we tread. -Gordon Garlick Less l or . **. To the Editor: THE PAST few months on this campus have seen a wave of stormy controversy on a series of subjects which have built up by various organs and organizations until the average student in this school begins to adopt a culti- vated attitude of "so what." The average student comes here for an education and at the same time attempts to have as good a time as he can. He has a wide choice of activities which enable him to have a good time. There are or- ganizations which set forth cer- tain social, political, and economic views as just, righteous, and wor- thy of firm and unyielding sup- port by all college students every- where. If they find harmless rec- reation in these organizations, fine. While we would consider cyn- icism as lowering ourselves, we simply cannot imagine, as our ul- timate or even secondary purpose in attending the University, to be converted, instilled, indoctrinated, or whatever it may be called, with the opinions and beliefs of these groups which are at their best ado- lescent and at their worst, com- pletely ridiculous. We personally don't care what they do or say. We just wish they would make a .+MUSIC + ENTHUSIASM and musicality sparked the season's final concert by the University Symphony under the direction of Wayne Dunlap. Works both new and familiar were presented in a varied program ranging from the sixteenth century to the twentieth. The opening number, a Canzon by Gabri- eli, orchestrated by Hans David, was played with brilliance and flourish. It is no more than a fanfare-like ritornello repeated be- tween virtuoso and melismatic variations by the different orchestral choirs, and its sim- plicity and brightness made it an excellent curtain-raiser to the more serious works which followed. Perhaps the least successful performance was the Brahms second symphony, but it was not due to any lack of understanding by the conductor. Dunlap brought out the sweeping, romantic lyricism of the work, and was fully aware of its classical structure, the form that continues the symphonic tra- dition established by Brahms' predecessors. But the orchestra was unable to execute gradual crescendos and subtle dynamic nu- ances, with the result that many climaxes, particularly in the first movement, were reached too soon. In certain soli passages the high winds were obscured, and the in- tonation of the strings tended to be faulty, but enthusiasm of players and conductor amply compensated for the lack of finished interpretation. The second half of the program pre- sented Robert Courte as viola soloist in the Milhaud "Concertino d'ete" and the Hindemith "Music of Mourning." Both works are concerned with a lyric state- ity of the viola. The mood is one of dra- matic lyricism, and the style is simple, in direct contrast to the Milhaud. No more could be said of Courte's playing than that he understood the meaning of the works and played them with great sensitivity. The rich vibrato he used in the Hinde- mith was matched by a plaintive straight- forkard tone in the Milhaud. The concluding "Petrouchka," by Stravin- sky, was the most successful performance and it was a real accomplishment for all concerned. The work is very difficult and contains many intricate soloistic passages. The performance was marked by coordina- tion in the orchestra and precision of at- tack. Petrouchka is truly a burlesque, as the title implies, for Stravinsky has satirized everything from an organ grinder's tune to a waltz. It was very refreshing after the seriousness of the three preceding works. The concert as a whole had a scope broad- er than most of today's orchestral programs, and everyone involved should be congratu- lated for bringing it to life. -Donald Harris In the wake of the blunders on Koje Is- land and in the Grow diary, it is too easy to overlook the very great and continuing service done by the men of the armed forces. It ought not to require an Armed Forces Day, of course, for the Nation to ex- press its gratitude to the men who have served it well in its time of need. Special re- cognition ought to be given today, however, to the civilian soldiers and sailors and air- men-the reservists and draftees-who have (Continued from Page 2) Doctoral Examination for Eugene V. Ivash, Physics; thesis: "The Methyl Al- cohol Molecule and Its Microwave Spec- trum," Tues., May 27, 1:30 p.m., 2038 Randall Laboratory. Chairman, D. M. Dennison. Special Seilinar, Department of Bot- any. Dean Emeritus Frank D. Kern, Pennsylvania State College Graduate School, will discuss some of his myco- logical investigations on wed., May 28, 3 p.m., 1139 Natural Science Bldg. Coming Events Wesleyan Guild. Do-Drop-In for tea and chatter, 4 to 5:30 p.m., wed. at the Guild. Linguistics Club. Meeting. 7:30 p.m., Rackham Amphitheater. "The Plural Nouns of Measure in the Eastern Unit- ed States" by Mrs. R. I. McDavid, Jr.. doctoral candidate at the University of Minnesota. "Notes on the Speech of Aphasics," by Prof. H. Harlan Bloomer, Director of Speech Clinic, University of Michigan. Election of officers. All stu- dents and faculty members interested in the scientific study of language are invited. Concerts University of Michigan Symphony BandvWilliam D. Reveili, conductor, presents its second twilight concert of the season "On the Mall," Tues., May 27, 7:15 p.m. PROGRAM March-U. S. and You .............. .. Louis Castellucci Cachucha from the Suite "In Malaga" .....................Frederic Curzon The Trumpeter's Lullabyy...........s ............Leroy Anderson Marvin Andersen, Soloist Finale from Symphony No. 5 in E Minor-from "The New World".... .~Dvorak Liebeslieder Waltzes .... Strauss-Leidzen Missouri Shindig............Owen Reed Concert March-Paraphrase My Hero from "The Chocolate Soldier" .... ..Strauss-Alford "A Manx Tone Poem-Mannin Veen ........................Haydn Wool *March-Semper Fidelis........... .....John Philip Sousa "The Great Gate of Kiev from "Pic- tures At An Exhibition" Moussorgsky Percival Price at the Clarillon *In the final three selections, the Symphony Band will be augmented by members of the University varsity Band. Inecase of inclement weather, the concert will be presented on Wed., May 28, 7:15 p.m. Student Recital: Frederick Fahrner, organist, will play a program in par- tial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Music degree at 8:30 p.m.. Tues., May 27, in Hill Auditorium. A pupil of Robert Noerhen, Mr. Fahr- ner will perform works by Buxtehude, Bach, and Franck. The recital will be open to the general public. ist, will be heard at 8:30 Wednesday evening, May 28, in the Rackham As- y sembly Hall, in a program of composi- tions by Bach, Liszt, Bartok and Schu- bert. Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Music degree, the recital will be open to the public. Mrs. Tung is a pupil of Benning Dexter.a Opera Workshop Class under the di- rection of Wayne Dunlap. will perform scenes from operas at 4:15 Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday afternoons, May 27-29, in the Rackham Assembly Hall. During the Tuesday performance Menotti's Telephone will be sung; scenes from Rodgers Carousel, and Weill's Street Scene. Standard Opera will be represented on -Wednesday by Flo- tow's Martha, verdi's Aida and Rigolet- to. Friday's performance will be devoted to the Menotti operas and will include scenes from Amahi and the Night Visi- tors, The Medium, and the Old Maid and the Thief. The public is invited. Events Today Christian Science Organization: Tes- timonial meeting, 7:30 p.m., Upper Room, Lane Hall. J-Hop Committee will meet at 7 pm., Room 3K, Union. Committee for the Girls' International House. Meeting at 7:15 p.m. at the J. Raleigh Nelson House. square Dance Group meets at Lane Hall, 7:15 p.m. Kappa Phi. Cabinet meeting, 5 p.m., Methodist Church. All cabinet members are urged to be present. Sixty-Second Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. 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