I' C I 4r SJirigt D~ai f" . 0 THE IKE BOOM ,ti See Page 4 Latest Deadline in the State COLD, SNOW FLURRIES VOL. LXII, No. 67 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1951 SIX PAGES U U RELIGIOUS SURVEY: Jewish Beliefs Hard To Classify EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the second in a series of ten articles outlin- ing the separate bases of religious faith in our time. The writer of this article is indebted to Rabbi Herschel Lymon of the Hillel Foundation at the University and to the best seller, "What the Jews Believe" by Rabbi Philip Bernstein. Quotations in the article are from Rabbi Bernstein's book which is recommended as a more complete treat- ment of the ideas expressed here.) By LEONARD GREENBAUM Editorial Director THE COMPLEXITIES of Judaism defy exact categorization. At its loosest it is a personal religion in which each Jew acknowledges the extent of his own individual beliefs. At its strictest it is confined within a code of law that governs every movement of a Jew's life from the moment he awakes to the moment he lies down to sleep. And to say that the holding of any one belief makes a Jew is to ignore the nationalistic element of Jewry that says "born a Jew, always a Jew," and the anti-semites who say the same but with a different purpose. Historically, today's eleven million Jews (five million in the Uni- ted States) are descendents of the twelve tribes that formed the Kingdom of Israel in Palestine from approximately 1000 B.C. to 70 A.D. With the Roman invasion and destruction of the Temple in 70 A.D., the Jews were dispersed over Africa, Eastern, and Western Europe. It was during this Diaspora which technically ended with the formation of the new State of Israel in 1948 that the Jewish re- ligion was formulated as a way of life apart from a Gentile world. BASICALLY JUDAISM TODAY breaks down into three prac- icing sections. Orthodox, Conservative and Reform. Within each there are sub-groups depending on national origin, on theoretical interpretation, and always on the personal interpretation that grants great leeway to all but the Orthodox. Above all three groups is the conception of one God as a Creator, a Prime Mover, who is eternal, omniscient and omnipresent. There is also an adherence to the Ten Commandments and the spiritual code that is embodied in the Torah -the first five books the Bible-regarded as originating in God. To all three there is the concept of the sanctity of the family based on strong group ties. Divorce, however, is recognized as an instrument of last resort to separate two incompatible people. The observances in the life cycle of the Jew-from birth, to circumcision of the males on the eighth day, to Bar Mitzvah (Confirmation) in the thirteenth year, to Marriage, to Death-are marked by historical and religious tradi- tions that have been passed down through the centuries. The Sabbath which falls on Saturday is the center of Jewish observance. In the lighting of the Sabbath candles on Friday evening and in the services of this sanctified day of rest and meditation are the main symbols of the Jewish religion. The Holy Days, from the Jewish New Year to Shavuos, the celebration of the giving of the Ten Commandments, commemorate historical and religious milestones in Judaism. There is Passover which marks the exodus of the Jews from the slavery of Egypt, Succos, the dy Of thanksgiving, whpich celebrates the harvest, Chanukah which commemorates the Jew's successful struggle against the Syrian King Antiochaus IV, and Purim which rejoices at the thwar- tiig of an ancient ruler's proposed pogrom. In each of these holi- days the emphasis is on some aspect of human rights, be it national freedom, religious freedom, freedom from want, or freedom from fear. Lying at the opposite poles within Judaism are the Orthodox and the Reform. The Orthodox are strict conformists who believe in following all 613 laws givens in the Talmud-the legal decisions and discussion based on the Torah-and in the Shulchan Aruch, a codified system of laws that covers every aspect of life. Not only are there the well-known dietary restrictions against pork or against mix- ing milk products with meat products, but also detailed requirements for clothing and haircuts, and restrictions against driving, illumina- tion, and cooking on the Sabbath. "Through obedience to the law the Orthodox Jew achieves and maintains personal piety, Jewish identifi- cation, clear direction in his religious life and the fulfillment of his sense of duty." Though becoming more and more modern in his ap- proach, the Orthodox Jew for the most part lives apart from the non-Jewish world. THE REFORM JEW IS the antithesis of the Orthodox. The Re- form movement started in Germany in the 1800's with the breakdown of the Ghetto walls. Greatly influenced by German Protestantism and German rationalism, Reform Judaism sought to make religion com- patible to modern day life and ideologies. When it was imported to America in the middle of the nineteenth century it obtained an ex- treme form in which Jewish ritual was so minimized that Jewish values were for the most part lost. A reinjection of Jewish values has See RELIGIOUS, Page 4 Four Newly Formed Student GroupsRecognized by SAC U.S. Probes Contractss For Defense No 'Anti-Trust' Evidence Found DETROIT-()-The Army has been investigating for possible col- lusion between automotive pro- ducers and their suppliers on de- fense contract bidding, one of its top lawyers disclosed yesterday. William L. Cary, Army deputy counselor, said "no such evidence" which would provide the basis for anti-trust action had bee uncov- ered. BUT HE TOLD a Congressional subcommittee he had turned over results of the investigation to the Federal Trade Commission, which looks into allegiations of restraint of trade. The subcommittee, representing the House Committee on Execu- tive Expenditures, came back to Detroit for a second look into ac- tivities of the Army's huge ord- nance tank-automotive center-a combination procurement - tank producing enterprise. The center's former com- mander, Brig. Gen. David J. Crawford, was removed last summer that he had accepted favors from defense contractors. Questions concerning collusion reports followed testimony that the Army had paid more than double for some items by buying replace- ment parts from assemblers of mil- itary vehicles instead of from sub- contractors who actually manu- factured them. It also was brought out that sometimes when such sub-contrac- tors were asked to submit bids for replacement parts, their prices were as high as or high than those of the assembler. REP. PORTER HARDY (D-Va.) chairman of the group, remarked to Cary: "Then what you found was a reprehensible practice but no legal means to cope with it." No company names were men- tioned in connection with this line of questioning. However, virtually all the major auto pro- ducers had been mentioned in earlier testimony. Hardy said government procure- ment policies have cost the gov- ernment an extra $305 million in the last three years. The Commit- tee also was told that in one in- stance the Army stockpiled a 104- year supply of one particular jeep part. Sotir Named To Panhel .Bas StudyGroup League president Cathy Sotir, '52, last night became the first in- dependent member on the Pan- hellenic-Student Legislature bias study committee. Beverly Clarke, '52, president of Panhel, said the appointment was based on Miss Sotir's position as League president rather than her independent status. * * * MISS CLARKE emphasized that the appointment did not indicate a change in Panhel policy. "We still feel that the problem concerns only the sorority system." Panhel representatives on the joint committee are Miss Clarke, Alpha Phi; Susan Roos, '53, Gam- ma Phi Beta; and Barbara Oachs, '52, Alpha Xi Delta. The two members from SL are Sondra Diamond, '53, Sigma Del- ta Tau ;and Karin Fagerburg, '54, Kappa Kappa Gamma. Garg Out Today. ; 4..x :n. iFr,,.F;!S" "; 'R" .' , . -. : S.'r:ySa n? ;F . i}{2 "<<:: { e ) F '-4 , ",;.', '4wi:riySi ", *<. .. .. ...... .. 't" :?i.. - ..:;?:' : t'ai:?.:} ..i':: "-:. :::. n~l. I iii ; ;<"i :.:;} >.r.:.. ::::?!{. ::."a.i:l:.-Stu Ros-s}:' i GATHER YE:::: n. GARGOi YLES W".iLj;YE^MA I: ii{"}k:! Exchange ii}"} Ukely r . To Lan New ponso By CRAWFORD YOUNG A fter a week of floating around campus, the student book ex- change, abandoned by the Inter- Fraternity Council, now appears certain to have a sponsor next se- mester. Both Student Legislature and the Union have been sniffing with interest about the book exchange project, the -nearest thing now in existence to the oft-requested stu- dent book store. * * * SL To Hold First Open House Today Student Legislature members will throw out the welcome mat for student leaders and faculty members from 3:30 to 6:30 p.m. today when they hold the first open house since their organiza- tion on campus. Student and faculty recipients of the 100 invitations issued are expected to fill the SL Building at 122 S. Forrest to meet the legis- lators, tour their newly decorated facilities and he'ar about the or- ganization and activities of the group. SL GUIDES WILL take the visi- tors through the offices and an- swer any questions they may have on the activities or policies of the legislature. Cookies and punch will be served. Today's open house marks the first time the SL has formally invited faculty or students to visit thier quarters. The Student Legislature Build- ing has been prepared for the fes- tivities by hard-working legisla- tors who have painted walls, pol- ished floors and put up new drapes. S * * 4' SL Meeting Student Legislature will meet at 7:30 p.m. today in the West Dining Rm. of South Quadrangle. IN SEPARATE meetings tonight both groups will discuss the pos- sibility of picking up the enter- prise which was abandoned last week by the IFC. At the moment, it appears that SL is more anxious to start where IFC left off. A motion will be presented by Campus Action Committee chairman Bob Neary to take the book exchange under SL's wing. The Union Board of Directors will discuss the matter also, ac- cording to president John Kathe. However, the Union seemed like- ly to let matters take their course if SL evinced a real desire to spon- sor the exchange. UNION ENTHUSIASM for the project is tempered by the re- membrance of two separate oc- casions before the war when the Union for a considerable period of time handled the second-hand book shop. During that time, it was found that the exchange created more enemies than friends for the Union-was a big headache fi- nancially and staff-wise. However, rather than let the enterprise die completely, the Un- ion would undoubtedly be willing to, perhaps reluctantly, again sup- ervise it. The book exchange has been, since its beginning, somewhat of a foundling on campus. Besides the Union before the war and the IFC for the last three-and-a-half years, SL also experimented with- out too much success with the ex- change in the. early post-war war years. Name Three To Juditcary After five hours of delibera- tion, the Student Legislature cabinet early today appointed Dave Brown, '53, Dave Frazer, '53L, and Irv Stenn, '52, to the Men's Judiciary Council. The three men were picked from more than 25 petitioners. Truman Set To Act on 'Scandals'. President Angry, McKinney Says WASHINGTON - () - Chair- man Frank E. McKinney of the Democratic National Committeel predicted yesterday that President Truman, angry over scandals that have rocked his administration,l will take drastic action to clean, house "without delay."a Emerging from a half-hour1 conference with Mr. Truman at the White House, McKinney told newsmen: "The President is very aware of the situation and he is highly con- cerned. He is angry over being sold down the river by some dis- loyal employes of the govern- ment." THE DEMOCRATIC Party chieftain, himself under fire for a get-rich-quick stock deal in which he netted $68,000 profit on a $1,000 investment, said he ad- vised Mr. Truman it was urgent that drastic steps be taken at once. He said he recommended that the President launch an inde- pendent investigation-possibly by a non-partisan commission- of the scandals that have blown up around the Bureau of Inter- nal Revenue and the Justice Department in recent weeks. He also declared that Mr. Tru- man had not discussed the pos- sibility of any "cabinet changes." Some Congress members have de- manded the resignations of At- torney General McGrath, who heads the Justice Department, and Secretary of the Treasury Snyder, overall boss of the In- ternal Revenue Bureau. EARLIER, McGrath disclaimed any responsibility for the "indis- cretions" of his ousted assistant, T. Lamar Caudle. He said he still considers Caudle an honest man. McGrath is scheduled for a pri- vate talksoon with Mr. Truman. World News Roundup By The Associated Press PARIS -(IP)- The Big Four powers announced yesterday an agreement on a 12-nation disarm- ament commission, but Russia and the West remained poles apart on the fundamental issue of atomic controls after 10 days of secret talks. WASHINGTON-()-The Su- preme Court ruled yesterday the Lorain, Ohio, Journal broke the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by re- fusing to sell space to advertis- ers who also wanted to use a rival radio station. * * * TEHRAN, Iran -(P)- Opposi- tion and government deputies fought with their fists and feet inside parliament yesterday while a frenzied mob outside shouted for the blood of the opponents of Pre- mier Mohammed Mossadegh be- fore soldiers broke up the fight. WASHINGTON -(A)- Sen. Ferguson (R-Mich.) said yester- day he would be willing to be- come Republican floor leader in the Senate, succeeding the late Sen. Kenneth S. Wherry (R- Neb.) * * * WASHINGTON-(!P)-informed sources said yesterday Britain has requested $600 million in emer- gency aid from the United States -and may get $300 million. THE UIN offered to give up is- lands off North Korea and to yield on its demand for joint Allied- Red air observation of rear areas. Instead, neutrals would make the. inspections by air. The sweeping new Allied of- fers so interested the Reds that they immediately began a. point- by-point discussion without ask- ing for their usual recess for study.' Maj. Gen. Howard M. Turner submitted the seven-point plan and told the Reds they would have1 to take all of it or nothing. He said the Reds could not just accept part of it.' Turner said he first gave the Communists a tongue-lashing in which he accused them of treach-, ery by trying to gain one-sided ad- vantages in the guise of conces-; sions. Turner told the Reds, "You' have made no offer to compro- mise. You have made no effort to resolve our differences. You have conceded nothing." ** * - IN THE AIR WAR sixty-two U. S. Sabre Jets tackled 115 MIG's yesterday, and when the last shot' was fired in the cold Korean skies two Red jets had been probably destroyed and two damaged. The U. S. Fifth Air Force, as-' sessing results from two air bat- tles over Northwest Korea, said all the sabres returned safely. Aground, the twilight war ended its second full week last night af- ter one of the quietest days of the entire Korean war. But in the air it was a different story. One of the battles came in the morning over Anju, 40 miles north of Pyongyang, capital of North Korea. Twenty-six Sabres tangled with 50 MIGs. One Red jet was probably destroyed. The second and largest fight was near Sinanju in the same general area. This was the first large-sale MIG fighting since last Thursday. On that day the Fifth Air Force's greatest streak of air battles and air victories ended after an 11- day run because of bad weather. The rest of the Fifth's 790 sor- ties yesterday were bombing and strafing over North Korea. Figures revealed in Washington yesterday show that 1300 United Nations airplanes-mostly Ameri- can-have been lost in Korea thus far. More than 583 UN planes have been lost in combat as compared to 308 combat losses for the Com- munists. IFC Group To Act On Bias Clauses The Interfraternity Council House Presidents Assembly is scheduled to act on the bias clause problem at its regular meeting to- night after hearing a report from the IFC-Student Legislature bias study committee. UN Makes New Compromise Try Seven-Point Plan Impresses Reds, May Speed Up Armistice Efforts By The Associated Press The United Nations Command today made a "give ,and take" proposal to the Communists in an effort to reach a speedy armistice in Korea. Allied negotiators said they would accept Red demands for be- hind-the-lines inspection by neutral nations and two other Communist proposals if: 1. The Reds would agree to troop rotation and arms replenishment; 2. The Reds would place neutral observers under con- trol of a joint Allied-Red Armistice Commission. The subcommittee discussing supervision of the truce recessed at 12:40 p.m. (9:40 p.m. yesterday, Ann Arbor time). 'Snap' Work For Athletes UnderFire WASHINGTON -(P)- College presidents studying what's wrong with sports hope to learn today how many schools permit athletes to concentrate on so-called "snap" courses in physical education. The presidents are members of a special committee set up by the American Council on Education. * * 'I DURING THEIR first meeting here last month they discussed general problems in college sports. In their meeting today and tomor- row they expect to be more specif- ic. College sports' most bitter critic, Judge Saul S. Streit, has been particularly harsh on this phase of education, Last Friday, in suspending sent- ence on three former Bradley Uni- versity basketball players, Streit said the athletes had been permit- ted to take elementary badminton, touch football, volley ball, elements of tumbling, outdoor running and co-ed dancing. The former basketball sta had been accused of trying to fix a game in New York in 1950. Streit was invited .to appear before the college presidents to give his views. He accepted at first, but later declined when he was told he may have to sit in other cases involving college ath- letes, President John A. Hannah of Michigan State College, chairman of the committee, said after last month's meeting here that the presidents are agreed that all ath- letes should take regular courses, and keep up and be graduated with their classes. Brown U' Solves Greek Housing Row Browna University, one of New England's oldest educational in- stitutions, has virtually solved its fraternity problem. . The Providence, R.I., university is building an $8,500,000 housing project which will be used on equal terms by fraternity and non- fraternity men. * * * FIVE YEARS AGO, Brown took over the old houses maintained by the 17 campus fraternities. The university agreed to construct liv- ing quarters for the Greek-letter chapters. A two-block quadrangle con- taining 10 buildings is almost complete. It will house 525 fra- ternity and 350 non-fraternity men, The Greeks and non-Greeks will live under the same roof, eat the same food and have similar serv- ices. They will be charged at the same rate-$290 a year for room, $430 for board. Musicians To Give Holiday Concert The University Choirs and the University Symphony Orchestra conducted by P r o f. Maynard Klein of the Music School, will present their annual Christmas concert at 8:30 p.m. tomorrow in The Student Affairs Committee yesterday granted approval to four new campus organizations: the Society for Peaceful Alternatives, the Civil Liberties Committee, the Thai Association and the Ukran- ian Students Club. "Interested in the preservation and promotion of academic free- dom and civil liberties" the new civil liberties group was formed to "further the development of the student as an individual and citi- zen in a free society," the consti- -tution states. Pledging itself to action for peace, the Society for Peaceful Alternatives has outlined four princips sin its constitution. The members believe that "war is not inevitable, that we must strive for peace through negotia- tions, that there should be world 'Sinment i for U e wide reduction of armaments, and lastly, that the above sentiments reflect the desires of students in all lands." The Thai Association welcomes all students interested in Thai- land. Students of Ukranian de- scent are invited to join the Uk- ranian Students Club. MANY FACTORS REVEALED: Survey Shows Fraternity Bias Not Affected by Clauses (EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the second in a series of articles dealing with the findings of the survey on attitudes of fraternity men concerning admission of minority members conducted by the Research Center for Group Dynamics at the request of the Inter-Fraternity Council.) By HARLAND BRITZ and CRAWFORD YOUNG Presence of bias clauses in fraternity constitutions makes no dif- ference in fundamental attitudes towards admission of minority mem- bers. look much more carefully at what is required to bring about a change in discriminatory practice-"to change or not to change" is not a sim- ple question of legislation. * * ; * HOWEVER, THE SURVEY did reveal that other factors, such as personal contact, interests, motives in joining a fraternity, or pres- tige of the house, did seem to influence attitudes towards pledging Jews, Negroes or Orientals. In the case of the Negro, 93 per cent of the-men who associated undesirable characteristics with the race were opposed to admitting Negroes, while just 50 per cent of those lacking any negative ideas favored excluding Negroes as a house policy. * * * * EDUCATION AND MATURITY seems to change discriminatory attitudes. Upperclassmen were significantly more in favor of admit- ting minority groups than freshmen or sophomores.