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THE MICHIGAN DAILY

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Campaign Expenses.

BSCURED BY THE charges and coun-
tercharges in the investigation of the
1950 Ohio Senatorial election is the one
purpose of the inquiry that is likely to yield
positive results. This is an exploration of
the need for changes in the present Federal
Corrupt Practices Act.
This law, aimed to prevent illegal cam-
paigning, is specific on the point of ex-
penditures. A candidate for the Senate
may spend no more than $25,000 on his
campaign; a candidate for the House
no more than $5,000. Contributions are al-
so limited. Individuals may contribute a
maximum of $5,000, each, and business
firms and labor unions are not supposed
to contribute at all.
The failure of the law, however, is that it
does not limit excessive spending by so-
called independent or citizens' groups not
officially connected with a candidate but
actually supporting one. Union members
contribute "voluntarily" to "political action"
committees which are technically divorced
from the parent union. Business men make
contributions in their own name instead of
the name of the firm; and minor executives
with small salaries contribute the limit to
political war chests.
These independent groups finance po-
litical campaigns for two primary reasons.
First, the age-old practice of purchasing
political influence and favors with cam-
paign fund contributions. Second, the
maximum expenditure the law allows
candidates is quite inadequate in the face
of the present high costs of broadcasting,
television, printing and mailing. The po-

litician, caught between the need for large
expenditures and the specific require-
ments of the law is in a poor position to
refuse financial aid. The uncontrolled
groups offer political interests and can-
didates a legal way to avoid the pur-
poses of the law and yet run expensive
campaignst
This indirect buying of elections must be
stopped immediately if the American peo-
ple are to have a Congress with any sense
of ethics.
Most ways of reforming this system would
work in name only. It would not be feasible
to limit political spending to the candidate.
The suggestion by Eugene Debs that the
government pay all the campaign expenses
would not work. That idea is too radical a
change' from our present system to be ac-
cepted by either Congress or the people.
The one possibility lies in a drastic re-
vision of the present law. The maximum
amount of money that could be spent by
or on behalf of a candidate should be
determined by special committees of both
houses. Factors that definitely should be
considered are the state or district popu-
lation and the national average of all
campaign expenditures. The candidate
should be made responsible for any vio-
lations of this limit. Large fines and ex-
pulsion from Congress would deter pos-
sible violators.
Only by a realistic and immediate revision
of the law can we stop the trend toward
corrupt government before it ends in na-
tional disaster.
--John Somers



T he' losed Door

ON THE CRYPTIC grounds of "security"
the State Department has refused a
visa for the second time to Dr. Ernest Chain,
the Nobel prize-winning biochemist.
Dr. Chain agreed last spring to under-
take a five-week mission for the World
Health Organization in the United States,
Britain, and the Netherlands to study
antibiotics installations.
In April he was refused entrance to the
United States by the State, Department,
which offered no reasons.%
Baffled by the refusal, the World Health
Organization filed a formal request with the
State Department. When the r'equest drag-
ged on from spring to summer the Health
Organization was compelled to appoint
someone else for the job.
Last week the German born scientist
was again refused a visa to come here to
speak at a fund raising campaign on be-
half of Israel's, Weizmann Institute' of
Science. This was the first time that the
State Department's refusal to grant him
entry was made public,. The reason given
was "security."
No one knows yet what the State Depart.

ment specifically had in mind when it spoke
of "security." Dr. Chain ventured that per-
haps he was refused entrance because of a
mission he made to Czechoslovakia to re-
store a penicillin plant. If this were true,
the situation would be even more ludicrous.
Dr. Chain and Myer Weizmann, chairman
of the Weizmann Institute, also protested
that the scientist has "no interest in poli-
tics and no political affiliations. It should
not be necessary, however, for a scientist, or
anybody, to plead not guilty of an active
concern with politics.
Dr. Chain pointed out that he is not
the first scientist to be refused admittance
to this country. Yet no one has protested
longly or loudly enough against the veiled
secrecy of the State Department and oth-
er government organizations.
The refusal to grant visas for reasons
of "security" is depriving this country of
many valuable contributions from the
outside world.
And unless the State Department gives
detailed, justifiable reasons for the visa re-
fusal, this must be added to the long list of
arbitrary governmental actions.
-Alice Bogdonoff

De-emphasis
Proposals
SOME ADVERSE comment is in order on
Professor Keniston's proposals designed
to return athletics to its "proper place on
the campus:"
Professor Keniston's reforms ask that
final authority on athletic policies reside
with the faculty.A sensible idea, but out-
dated, since the board that makes athletic
policy is mainly a faculty body.
The 14-member Board in Control of In-
tercollegiate Athletics is comprised of eight
members of the University faculty Senate
-a majority-so that, if the faculty must
have its say, the professors can effect
changes in policy through their representa-
tives on the Board.
Prof. Keniston might also have considered
that the University concerns more than the
faculty. Students and alumni should have
their part in formulating policy, but the de-
emphasis proposal makes no provision for
them.
Also proposed is that the authority to
determine academic eligibility of athletes
be vested in the Office of Student Af-
fairs. Under the present system, eligibility
cases for non-athletes are handled by
either one of two people, the Dean of
Men, or the Dean of Women.
A subsidiary of the Board in Control, the
athletic eligibility committee, deals with
athletes. This committee is comprised of the
eight faculty Senate members of the Board
in Control, the University Registrar,'and the
Athletic Director, but the Athletic Director
has no vote.
Both controlling bodies are charged to en-
force the same standards-"C" average, ex-
cept in certain cases where a student de-
ficient in honor points may petition for a
retention of eligibility. A decision by the
authorities is necessary in the latter case.
It seems more fair and democratic to
have eligibility rulings from the delibera-
tions of nine individuals, all members of
the University Senate, as in athletic eli-
gibility cases, instead of decisions by one
person, the Dean, as is the practice with
cases of eligibility for the Glee Club, class
offices, the Band, etc.
Regarding eligibility of freshmen for var-
sity sports, Prof. Keniston says: "All right-
minded people believe that freshman parti-
cipation is undesirable, because of their dif-
ficulty in establishing themselves the first
year.,,
No one realizes it more than athletic pf-
ficials and coaches. Many coaches through-
out the nation have expressed their dis-
satisfaction at the freshman rule.
However, the rule is not an outgrowth
of over-emphasis. It was instituted last
spring to make available more players in
the face of a manpower shortage due to
the draft, just as freshmen were made
eligible during World War II. When the
war ended in 1945, freshman eligibility
came to an end within a few months.
Prof. Keniston is unfair in attacking a
rule which allows competition for freshman
athletes without finding fault with an iden-
tical University regulation that permits
freshmen to participate in any extra-cur-
ricular activity.
Finally, Prof. Keniston says, "theUni-
versity can serve as a model and lead the
way to make sports a typical college func-
tion again. The other institutions will fol-
low."
It might be pointed out that Robert M.
Hutchins, at the time Chancellor of the
University of Chicago, issued a similar
appeal when Chicago de-emphasized ath-
letics some fifteen years ago. He requested
schools like Michigan, Harvard and Yale
to follow Chicago in de-emphasizing
sports. Michigan answered sopewhat
rudely in 1939 by whipping a Maroon
football team, 85-0. Chicago never played
another football game with Michigan.
Harvard and Yale duplicated the Wol-
verine drubbings.
Chicago subsequently withdrew from the
Big Ten, and dropped intercollegiate foot-

ball and some other major sports.
It could happen here.
-Ed Whipple

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/etteP4 TO THE EDITOR
The Daily welcomes communications from Its readers on matters of
general interest, and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer
and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words in length. defamatory or
libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not In good taste will
be condensed, edited or withheld from. publication at the discretion of the
editors.

I

Internal Revenue Collection

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Movie Audiences.. .
To the Editor:
THE, DAILY reviewer called the
movie a poem; a prologue on
the film, written after the film was
made and its producer dead, cited
its tenderness and emotional force.
Yet throughout the showing of L'-
Atalante Friday night great poc-
kets of students laughed and
laughed and laughed. They
laughed when the picture was fun-
ny; they laughed when it was sad;
they laughed when it was touch-
ing; they laughed when it was ro-
mantic; they even laughed when
it was just narrative.
It all reminded me of an inci-
dent at the Orpheum last year
during the last scene of Chaplin's
City Lights. In a moment that
Life (as the most popular maga-
zine in the country one that can
hardly be accused of esthetic dilet-
tantism) described as the most
touching in the history of the mo-
vie, throngs of great big univer-
sity "adults" almost killed them-
selves in paroxysms of laughter.
Because they don't know what to
do when they meet something
strange, and they have no notion
of how to handle a genuine emo-
tion when they're with a couple of
friends who might be watching
them, the laugh, just laugh and
laugh. They should be pitied, but
they're just too obnoxious. Why
doesn't some humanitarian or-
ganize a pep rally or a marble
game for them, so they won't spoil
everyone else's weekend.
-Louis Reichart
* * *
YD-YR Debate ...
To the Editor:

i

" .....

DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an Union Travel Service. Drivers and
official publication of the University riders for Christmas vacation going to
of Michigan for which the Michigan any point may register with the Union
Daily assumes no editorial responsi- Travel Service in the Union lobbyor
bility. Publication in it is construc- old entrance of the East Quad or call
tive notice to all members of the the Student Offices any weekday be-
University. Notices should be sent tween 4 and 6.
in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room
2552 Administration Building before A
3 p.m. the day preceding publication mic
(11 a.m. on Saturday). Doctoral examination for Frank Edgal
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1951 Driggers, Physics; title: "Burst Produc-
VOL. LXIV, NO. 64 tion in Material of Z equal 11 by Cosmi
Rays at Sea Level," Mon., Dec. 10, East
Council Room, Rackham Bldg., 2 p.m
Notices Chairman, W. E. Hazen.
Caroling Parties. Women may obtain Doctoral examination f o r I-Mini
late permission for post-caroling parties Feng, Mechanical Engineering; thesis
only on Wednesday, December 19, and "An Analysis of the Effect of Variou
Thursday, December 20. The permission Factors on Metal Transfer and Wear'
will be campus-wide and the closing Sat., Dec. 8, West Council Room, Rack
hour will be 11:30. ham Bldg., 9 a.m. Chairman, R. C
-ntr

DRAMA

the other hand the petition urges
every measure according to the
YPs, then it is singularly without
purpose because the President
does not know what these meas-
ures may be.
Thus one is forced to the con- t
clusion that either the YPs arev
employing tactics which they de-c
plore when used by their avowed
opponents on the extreme right
or that they are merely a group of1
enthusiastic young boys who aret
not quite sure what they are doingc
except trying to be liberal.7
I would urge that the petitions
not be sent at all or that it bet
changed so that it contains one orc
more specific requests.t
, -Charles Sleicher f
. *
Human Liberties ... l
To the Editor:
THE MOST amazing thing tot
come out of Wednesday night's
YD-YR "debate" was the fact thatl
the four speakers proceeded to
toss about speculations as to the
number of divisions each ,non-
Communist nation could providea
against Russia and the number of1
American dollars necessary to
equip these divisions, with utter
disregard for the fact that foreign
policy is not a matter of numbers
and digits on paper, but a matter,
first and foremost, of human rela-
tions.
Within ten minutes one speaker
declared that the purpose of our
foreign policy was to preserve
American liberties, and the other
condemned the selfish aspirations
of nationalist governments in the
Middle and Far East . . . which
aspirations are not helping us to
contain Russia, and therefore pre-
serve American liberties. (The na-
tions of the world were neatly
catagorized as: for us and there-
fore against the Russians; or agin
us and therefore pro-Russian.)
There was no room, in the minds
of these Americans, for the na-
tional aspirations of long op-
pressed peoples. There was no
room for a neutral India .--
Thus it seems that the same
principles which these gentlemen,
undisputed, considered undeniable
to the American people, they would
completely deny to other nations
... viz: the rights of self-determi-
nation, and independent thought
and action.
If the desire for freedom from
foreign control .is selfish, if the
national aspirations of India, Iran,
Irag, Egypt, Burma, Indonesia, and
a dozen other nations of the East
are selfish, then what is the "pre-
serve American liberties" concept?

That is the position of the Amer-
can foreign policy-makers which u
ays to other countries. "If you s
lon't agree to pit your military t
orces against the Russians (Com- i
nunists), (with our guns natur- B
ily), then we won't give you eco-
iomic aid?"
Preserve American liberties?
:'here are no such things. There
re only human liberties, and no I
roup can preserve these liberties v
or itself at the expense of other v
uman beings. Until a few more
rrogant "American" logicians re- 7
dlize this fact, we'll never win the a
)eoples of the East as our friends, L
io matter what price we offer
them. And we're desperately go-
ing to need these friends .. .
-Audrey Smedley
* *
China Policy .
To the Editor:
CONCERNING Mr. Greenbaum'sr
editorial, "On a Policy for
C hin a," I wonder from what
source he has gotten "the report
that many Nationalist troops
would immediately. change sides
once they hit the mainland?" If
"their fervor for the Gimo is not
as intense as we are led to be-
lieve," why are the Nationalist
troops in the China-Burma bor-
der still fighting against the Reds?
If they were going to change
sides, they would have done it
three years ago when they were
on the mainland. On the con-
trary, the Chinese people are eag-
er for the return of Nationalist
rule. It is a fact that millions of
Chinese in Hongkong, the Philip-
pines, Malaya, and other parts of
the world celebrated October 10,
rather than October 1, as the na-
tional holiday.
Since 1927 the Kuomintang has
been aware that the Communist
strategy is to gain control of the
government by first joining the
United Front and then to seize the
power at a propitious moment as
they have done in Czechoslovakia,
Poland, and many other European
countries following the war. It
was because of the United Front
that the Chinese Communists sur-
vived and were able to expand
their forces when the Nationalist
troops were resisting the Japanese.
The failure of the Marshall Mis-
sion was inevitable due to the fact
that the Communists intended to
control the government of the Re-
public of China. In this respect, I
sincerely believe that if the sug-
gestions of the Wedemeyer Report
to the President in 1948 had been
followed, China would have been
saved.
It is absurd to say that the Kuo-
mintang "were willing to sacri-
fice the well-being of both the
Chinese and the Allied cause in
pursuing the Anti-Red- policy."'
In order to stop the ;spread of
Communism in the Far East and
to liberate the Chinese from slav-
ery and starvation, the U.S. Gov-
ernment should equip and train
the Nationalist troops who are the
best allies of the United States in
the Far East so that they can re-
turn to the mainland as soon as
possible. If the Nationalists can
return to the mainland in the
near future, the Russians might
only give aid in material to Mao
Tse-tung instead of joining the
fight. Isn't it conceivable that
Russia is not prepared at this
time to wage a full scale war in
Asia?
--John Breitmeyer

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YES IS FOR A VERY YOUNG MAN, by
Gertrude Stein, at the Arts Theater Club.
PERHAPS the last place we would expect
to find Miss Stein would be on the
stage-round or square. We knew vaguely
that she had written plays, but we did not
DREW PEARSON :
Wacshin gton
Merry Go-Round
-DEBATE OVER McGRATH-
PRESIDENT TRUMAN'S advisers are split
down the seam on a bold move to oust
Attorney General Howard McGrath and
name crusading Sen. Estes Kefauver to
clean up the Justice Department.
This proposal was pushed backstage by
Averell Harriman, who has been on speak-
ing trips out of Washington and knows
how deeply the corruption issue is hurt-
ing; also by usually cautious White House
Counsel Charlie Murphy, and younger
staff members.
Their argument with the President is:
"the investigations are not going to stop
with Internal Revenue and RFC, but will go
into Alien Property Custodian, Surplus
Property, and possibly the Federal Judiciary
right up to the Supreme Court. The Ameri-
can people won't be satisfied unless the ad-
ministration cleans house boldly and dra-
matically. .A sure-fire way to regain public
confidence is to name Senator Kefauver as
Attorney General, giving him complete au-
thority to prosecute, no matter who is hurt."
Mr. Truman seems to like the idea and
has been saying privately: "I've always
been loyal to my friends. But they haven't
been fair to me."
On the other side, a powerful White
House force, Matt Connelly, who sits next
to the President and makes all his appoint-
ments, is more than cool. Connelly vigbr-
ously defends his fellow Irishman in the
Justice Department and has been digging
up political friends of Mr. Truman to talk

know that they were produced. We did
not know why.
In her time, Miss Stein did a good bit of
talking, and when she could, she did a
good bit of talking-writing. When some
one of the very young men at the Arts
Theater Club chose one piece of hers,
YES IS FOR A VERY YOUNG MAN, for
production, he did two things: He gave
many of us a chance to recall a few of her
dumbly beautiful words, and he gave an
Arts Theater cast a chance to talk a Stein
play in a way that I would like to call
thoroughly good. Or in a way that Miss
Stein might call immensely thoroughly
good.
It would not, be presumptous to say that
she, Stein, is the heroine of YES IS FOR A
VERY YOUNG MAN. And that much of
the fineness of the thing is in its fabric. But
it cannot be left at that. There are eight
men and women-two of whom were making
another debut in another art form, the
Metamorphosis film, on the same night-
and something named France. All of them
came through, and well.
It would be hard, I think, to single out
any member of the cast for his perform-
ance. The recurrent "I do not under-
stand" of the American woman who choses
to stay in France (as Stein did) during
the war applies to Dana Elcar as a mem-
ber of the resistance movement, to Don
Douglas as a member of the same thing
in a different way, and to Paulle Karell
as a mother of a baby in whose face was
the whole dilemma of France. It applies
to two French maids (fine ones: Bette
Ellis and Robin Good) who do not know
why things are the way they are, when
once they were somehow different and
better. In seeking a meaning to the chaos
of war (the setting is occupied Paris of the
early 40's), they stumble over each other's
private hearts. In stumbling, Elcar is
good. Douglas is good. Miss Lowndes is
good. And Miss Karell is good.
There is nothing wrong with A VERY
YOUNG MAN that wasn't wrong with its
time or its place. It is excitingly simple,


Architecture A uditoriumn
THE SOUTHERNER with Zachary
Scott, Betty Field and J. Carrol Naish
THIS IS A very rugged picture to sit
through. It is the story of a migrant
worker's attempt to get a foothold on a
piece of land by becoming a sharecropper.
That bleak goal is mildly illustrative of the
grim milieu this forthright movie frames
with an honesty we sometimes forget IEolly-
wood is capable of.
Zachary Scott portrays (with a feeling
and competence his is never likely to
equal) the ambitious, poor southerner,
who struggles against nature, circum-
stance and ignorance with little more
than his hands and fortitude. He is sup-
ported superbly by all hands, but especi-
ally Betty Field and J. Carrol Naish-who
fills a role you would imagine far beyond
him.
The picture starts with disaster and stays
keyed to that note almost throughout. One
is made to feel the southerner's love for the
land, but while admiring his guts, and his

EVIDENTLY THE Young Pro-
gressives' recent petition has
met with some success, and it
would be well for its signers to
consider some of its implications.
The petition was to President Tru-
man, and urged him to take every
measure to promote an immediate
cease-fire in Korea. This wording
implies, as one of the circulators
affirmed, that the President (and
the U.N. leaders?) are not already
taking "every measure" to pro-
mote a cease-fire. But on whose
opinion is "every measure" to be
based?
If it is the opinion of the Presi-
dent, then in-effect the petition
accuses the President of deliberate
failure to promote a cease-fire.
In this case the YPs stoop to em-
ploying a facet of "McCarthyism,"
i.e., imputing ulterior motives to
those whose opinion differs. If on

Sixty-Second Year
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BARNABY
Hurry up, Professor. No telling what's
happened. With the place unguarded-
Aren't your two-legged
domesticated creatures
useful as watch people?
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Unreliable. They let all manner of
undesirables walk into my house.
Time and again-Look! Right nowt-
You returned
home in the
nik of time,
Mr.Baxter-
.:

a3~m~C
aoumo4

k.

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nit av.n .arv clay gut t

When he saw you on
he iob he nre*4nded

 Of course not. But
may t see what it i

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