j' FOUR THE MICHIGAN DAILY SUNDAY, MAY 13, 1951 I The Democral r HE DESIRE to use education as a tool to create support for the status quo is an impulse with a long and formidable history n the annals of all nations. America, with its tradition of public education, is no exception. From colonial times to the present, various groups and individuals have attempted to distill edu- cation down to a soothing bottled prescrip- tion designed to render painless political, social and economic ills and induce the patient to accept the attitudes and preju- dices of his father and grandfather as his own. In colonial days; it was in the field of re- ligion that teachers and students were most restricted. Later, in the early decades of the Republic, political prejudice was able to squeeze its way in at the school board meet- ings as conservatives sought to repress the "dangerous Frenich" views on democracy which were then gaining currency. As nationalistic. fervor continued to swell, anti-Catholic and anti-;foreign movements affected education. The rise of science and growing economic and political concious- ness among the masses caused additional repressions of freedom of thought and in- quiry in the schools. The history of education in America has been 'marked to one extent or another by attempts on the part of the military, the churches, businessmen and parents to in- troduce authoritarianism into the educa- tional process. It is to the failure of these repressive movements that we owe what progress has taken place in society in other than emotional aspects since the days of the Salem witch hunts. AT THE present time, education in this country is threatened with a new author- itarianism. Academic freedom, reasonably safe in ordinary times, faces its strongest challenge in times of stress. Certainly this nation now finds itself in a state of greater peril than in any time in its history, and recent surveys point up the fact that the danger to academic freedom is nearly as great. The study of unpopular or dangerous ideas is being mistaken for their advocacy, and an attempt is being made to identify the free-enterprise system with democracy Editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. tic Challenge and the welfare state with' a cre socialism which leads inevitably to munism. eeping Com- Now this may or may not be true, but when it comes to understanding matters of intellectual content, patriotism is not enough, and these conclusions are by no means sure. THE DRIVE to force professors to sign loyalty oaths is gaining new impetus across the nation. The Regents of the Uni- versity of California have asked for a re- hearsing on the constitutionality of their measure. The Pennsylvania Senate has, whooped through a law which would require faculty members to swear that they are not members of a "subversive" organization. In Texas, the Senate has passed a bill which would deny state salaries to any em- ploye who, within the last 10 years, ras been a member of any of the groups listed by the U. S. Attorney General as subversive. In Oklahoma, the ink is scarcely dry on a new loyalty oath law. A Communist is no more professionally qualified to teach than is a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Neither is ready' to follow the course of intellectual inquiry wherever it may lead. But loyalty oaths are not the way to rid the profession of Communists. Anyone can sign an oath. The job of smoking out unqualified teach- ers must be left to the teaching profes- sion itself. Loyalty oaths are legal manifestations of the restrictive tendencies which have pro- duced the intellectual apathy and political castration described in the New York Times survey, summarized on the front page of to- day's Daily. They must be fought, along -with speak- ers bans, textbook censorings and other forms of collegiate witch-hunting. Every victory for the forces of sentiment over those of analysis means that the road to the emancipation of the liberal intellect is that much longer. By blocking the roads of inquiry, intelli- gent choice is prevented. By discouraging critical participation in the process of learning, individual growth is discour- aged. By imposing dogmas of doctrine or program, conformity and narrowness are groomed to replace diversity and brilliance. We can ill afford to encourage sterile con- formity and intellectual cretinism at this time. In order for our free society with all its hesitancies, inefficiencies and paradoxes to survive we must have the sort of vision and acumen which are produced by the un- trammeled exercise of the human intellect. -Dave Thomas The City Editor's SCRATCH PAD By PAUL BRENTLINGER 'OR SEVERAL YEARS, many students have devoted much of their bull session conversation to two important questions: "Is the University too paternalistic?" and "Just what is the function of the Student Legislature?" So far, little has been done about the first question. Students have occasionally discussed the matter of the regulation of their conduct with University officials, and a lot has been said on both sides of the issue. The University has maintained that its manner of regulating student conduct has not been too paternalistic, and many students have taken the oppo- site view. The Student Legislature has attempted to show what functions it can perform by its own actions, and has succeeded to a pretty great extent with its work on man- aging elections, the bias clause, pep rallies, and other rather important activities. But there still has been a feeling among many students that the SL has had no power to act in really vital matters-matters upon which the student body has strong feeling. One such matter is the issue of paternalism. Tomorrow the Legislature will begin a project which might bring the matter of paternalism into sharp focus. It has set up a special sub-committee which tomorrow will begin investigating the entire issue- to objectively weigh the facts to see if there really is too much paternalism shown by the University toward its students. This project will be a good test of the true effectivenes of student government. It vWill determine just how much the Univer- sity administration will go along with con- sidering the opinions of representative, re- sponsible student leaders. If this study is carefully and intelli- gently handled, its results should be beneficial both to the University adminis- trators and students. Its final effect should lie in one of two channels. Should the survey show that there really is too much paternalism here, there should be a good chance that the University will mod- ify its position on some matters of disci- pline. If, on the other hand, the survey clearly shows that the University's regu- latory practices are justified, student gripes on the issue could well be calmed. In either event, this SL investigating com- mittee has a wonderful opportunity to im- prove the existing relationships between University administrators and students. For this reason alone, the committee deserves the support of the entire University com- munity. Protocol THROUGH THE medium of his much publicized speeches, General Douglas MacArthur has been stepping beyond the bounds of the respect due a military and national hero, and has been converging on the respect rightfully due the President of the United States. Against the background of the coming conventions for presidential nominations, MacArthur has sacrificed his integrity and degraded the "cold war" between himself and Truman to the level of a po- litical squabble. MacArthur and his Republican supporters have overlooked the fact that the Korean War is the result of diplomatic failure. His speeches have placed the United States' foreign relations in a very precarious posi- tion. And the furor aroused by the split within the nation has caused our allies as well as many Americans to fear that the controversy between Truman and MacAr- thur will end in an open world wide war. Taking control of the nation's future for- eign policy appears to be of greater import- ance to the Republican Party than the for- eign policy of today. By concentrating on the military aspects of the Korean War, they are completely ignoring the strain which the Truman-MacArthur controversy has placed on diplomatic relations. Although criticism is one of the founda- tions on which our democracy is built, there is a point where discretion is neces- sary on the part of such influential men as General MacArthur. An ex-commander and a short-sighted political party must not be allowed to re- move the dignity of the presidential and executive offices for their own selfish ends. As in the ancient "loyalty to the king" idea, the minority can constantly disagree, but should never degrade the position of the executive. -Harriet Tepperman The Wek ETOs News . . . 1 N RETROSPECT . . tetteP TO THE EDITOR The Daily welcomes communications from its readers on matters of general interest, and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words in length, defamatory or libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will be condensed, edited or withheld from publication at the discretion of the editors, NIGHT EDITOR: HARRY REED .'' Paternalism . . . To the Editor: KATERNALISM-that word has been flung at the administra- tion by almost every student in Ann Arbor. An important-sound- ing word-it limbers up the tongue fr ones like "authoritarianism." This word, in the back of the student mind and on the student tongue, is now the subject of a study by a new subcommittee of Student Legislature, and the opin- ion of all parts of the campus on paternalism is wanted. Paternity-that's when you're a man and have babies. Paternity is cause for rejoicing, except un- der certain unfortunate conditions. Paternalism-that's when you're a man and have papas. Paternal- ism is cause for annoyance, except under certain unusual conditions. Unnecessary restriction is the test to be applied for paternalism. The University exists primarily to educate, to extend the mind of a take-life-for-granted individual * toward the searching mind of the citizen useful to our society. The u "1question has come up as to wheth- er extension of the fatherly Uni- versity wings to such areas as driving, drinking and housing re- suts in unnecessary restriction. a If the University has been pa- ternalistic, the student has a le- gitimate gripe, because he is being ;.deprived of opportunity to develop qualities which will fit him to be a useful citizen. Then when the student consid- ers for what society these "an- -Daily-Bill Hampton noying" restrictions are preparing FRATERNITY WEEK-"Greek Week" got off with a moderate him, he gets a shock-the type of bang as a six-man panel dragged the Student Affairs Committee's "good citizens" molde by authori- time limit on bias clauses in fraternity constitutions over the thor- tarian institutions are not suit- oughly raked coals. Later in the week, harmony replaced dischord able for American democratic so- as the Delta Tau Delta's took first honors in the annual IFC sing. ciety. Many students realize this ADAMS RESIGNATION-Provost James P. Adams, University danger, but so far they have little official since 1945, submitted his resignation to the Board of Regents. more than griped. Provost Adams was largely responsible for the University's suc- Certainly just griping about Uni- cess in meeting the challenge of the "GI Era" which saw enrollment versity, restrictions won't get ac- take a sudden upward turn of 13,000. He was a skilled and hard- tion on them. What studentsieed working administrator and his leaving will be a major loss to the is organization and a sensible evaluation of University rules. SL's University. Campus Action Committee set up COX AND VENNERI-A tremor of fear crept through the campus a subcommittee last Friday to this week when the attack on George Cox, University freshman, was study paternalism at Michigan. revealed to local police. Cox reported he had been beaten and Here is your chance to register burned with dry ice by a group of Ann Arbor youths. A few days your opinions. All students are later, another University student, Joseph Venneri, was slugged by a urged to write me c/o Student 17-year-old youngster. Whether there was any link-up between the Legislature building, 122 South assaults was a matter for speculation but the rumors ranged widely Forest,.concerning any alleged pa- and dangerously. ternalistic University practice. Or nU' APPROPRIATION-In Lansing, the House slashed the Re- better yet, if you want to do your bit, come to the committee's first gents' budget request for 1951-52 by $335,000. However, University meeting Monday at 4 in the SL officials reported that no protest will be registered with the Legis- building. lature. -Pete Hall Last year, the University sent strong objections up to Lansing * * * following a Republican economy measure which cut the anticipated ias Debate . appropriation by $2,000,000. This year's move must still pass the State Senate. It is scheduled for consideration probably late this To the Editor: month. inBARBOUR EPIDEMIC-The Betsy Barbour epidemic faded away THE I.F.C. started off Fraternity in similar fashion to the sudden wave of sicknesses which spread "ThWeeBias Claudiscusi an through the West Quad in 1949. All of the 60 women who had suf- Other Campuses." I had hoped fered violent attacks of nausea recovered quickly and rumors of food that this discussion would prove infection died down. For the second time in two years, Health Service both informative and stimulating officials, in spite of food infection symptoms, reported food tests as I was not prepared for what en- "inconclusive" sued. T I feel that the I.F.C. did the S.L National .and many students an injustice Natinalin representing Gordon MacDoug- ADMINISTRATION COUNTERATTACK - The Administration all as the spokesman for the so- came back fighting this week in defense of Far Eastern policy as called independent viewpoint ox Secretary of Defense George Marshall took the stand before a joint campus as well as representing Senate committee to counter the charges of Gen. Douglas MacArthur. S.L. Mr. McDougall will admi Marshall accused the General of ruining peace hopes in March with that he represents a small seg one of his unauthorized statements. MacArthur's proposals for ex- ment of thought on this campus tending the war to China would greatly increase the danger of Rus- Further, Mr. MacDougall had lit sian intervention, the former Chief-of-Staff declared. He also took tle knowledge of the philosoph issue with MacArthur's statement that the Russians were unprepared that was behind the writing o S.L. motion. I believe that thi for a Far Eastern war, warning that the Soyiets had massed strong may have been an attempt of som air and ground forces in Siberia and Manchuria. members of the I.F.C. to leav President Truman reentered the policy fray with the declaration the impression that the Bias Bil that Mac's plans might "bring down a rain of bombs on American was the work of a small, extrem cities." The President remained confident that the facts would bear element on campus. Nothing coul him out in his abrupt dismissal of the recalcitrant General. be further from the truth! Ther RFC AGAIN-The much-maligned Reconstruction Finance Cor- were five legislators on the com poration was dragged through the headlines again this week, as mittee that wrote the bill, thre White House aide Donald Dawson ended his coy holdout on the affiliated, two independent.T1be Committee and agreed to testify. Dawson blandly told Senators he lieve that we represented a large had not used his influence to force certain loans on the RFC. The segment of campus in our think- Fullbright investigating committee listened politely, but cynically to ing on this issue. Dawson's testimony. I had also expected that the - *moderator would remain neutra throughout the proceedings. Al Around the World . . . though the moderator's remark, KOREA-United Nations forces continued moving forward this preceding the discussion were2 fair statement of the issues in- week, cautiously poking back above the 38th Parallel, as Chinese volved, when the panel ensued h troops built up for a new try at UN lines. Most action was on a patrol obviously slanted his question level-Red resistance to Eighth Army jabs was spotty. Meanwhile, and comments in favor of th( rumors of dissension between Peiping and Moscow gained wide cred- I.F.C. position. ence. The Communist hordes remained unsupplied with tanks, heavy Th'e last disappointment of the artillery or air support, which the Russians reportedly had agreed to evening was the fact that Rack provide. It became more apparent that the Kremlin had no immed- ham Amphitheater was not full iate desire to widen the conflict at present. A "gentleman's agree- Perhaps it was lack of interest ment" still kept the Manchurian "sanctuary" inviolate and Com- perhaps it was a manifestation a xnfinis trops ithot ar orarmred upprt.the lack of confidence that fra- Meanwhile,wthe United States continued to press in the UN for hernityhamenhe new admnistratio economic sanctions against China. A point with Britain was won as of I.F.C. will take this incider the British finally cut off their shipments of Malayan rubber to the seriously. I do not lay the blam Chinese. upon the individual fraternity max -Crawford Young but rather upon the inept, nega, tive leadership that has marker the I.F.C. in the past. It is to be hoped that ih the fu- ture any such discussions will be presented honestly and construc- tively. This will depend upon the I.F.C.'s future attitude. If posi- tive, competent leadership is forth- coming many of the woes of the fraternity men on this campus may be alleviated. -Herb Ruben Dorm Food . . To the Editor: IN HER article cared "Dorm Food'," Miss Hoeper states "a reasonable amount of imagina- tion and some needed organiza- tion of preparation processes would help eliminate low stan- dard meals." We ask, "Has Miss Hoeper ever tried to prepare a menu for five hundred girls?" And "If she ever undertook this as- signment for just one day, how many of the five hundred does she think ,she'd please?" Some of the undersigned have worked in a dormitory cafeteria for at least two years and we wduld like to suggest that in the future, Miss Hoeper might be bet- ter off if she knew more about her subject before she committed her- self. In the first place, salads are- never made more than two hours before mealtime. The only time we have salads a day old is when they are left over and then they are put out as a choice between the new salads and the left overs. Coffee is made in five gallon quantities in large urns. It takes at least an hour for the water to drip through the two pounds of coffee. The reasons we have wonderful holiday meals are because: 1, There are less girls in the dormi- tory. 2. There is more help in the kitchen during the holidays. IF this, kind of preparation were to. be extended throughout the year, every kitchen employee would have to work every hour of every day. Or else more employees would have to be hired. Then think of our board and room rates! (Not to overlook the physical con- Sdition of the employees.) The main reason for our indig- nation at Miss Hoeper's editorial, is because we're tired of hearing people gripe-especially about the food. If a dietician can only say that she has satisfied just us, the undersigned, out of five hundred girls, then she's done a tremen- dous job! -Evelyn Challis Barbara Fine Audrey Smedley Lois N. Abrams and 13 others. . k DORIS FLEESON: Debate Results WASHINGTON-A full week of the Mae- Arthur hearings discloses to what a very large extent the disunity in Washing. ton is a matter of personalities rather than of principle. The deposed general is bitter, President Truman is stubborn often to the point of pettiness, and the extreme partisans will continue to make a great deal of noise. But the areas of agreement on policy are proving to be large and are being steadily broadened. That they are being broadened is in part. due to the debate which has not only forced the administration to give ground but has just propelled Great Britain into a stoppage of rubber imports to Red China. This is something the State Department privately warned the British about but could not ICURRENT MVE .d A t The Michigan... RAWHIDE, with Tyrone Power and Susan Hayward. ALTHOUGH it is not noteworthy for any other reason, this picture proves that a full-length, red-blooded Western can be made on a single set. No wide-open spaces. No milling herds of cattle. No hard-riding cowboys. In fact, except for a single shot the boys could not resist Susan Hayward bathing in a canyon spring-Director Hathaway and Writer Nichols have turned out a film that could have been put bodily onto a stage. By its confinement, it comes closer to being a "mystery" than a Western since its chief commodity is suspense. This arises when assorted outlaws de- scend on an isolated stagecoach station where they find Tyrone Power employed as chief flunkey. Also present is Miss Hayward, who has been thrown off an earlier stage, and is taken to be Mr. Pow- er's wife. Most of the rest of the picture is occupied with the pair of them trying to hack themselves out of the room where the varmints have locked them. There are the usual twists and turns of fate anlnP the w.v hut nothin really fresh in accomplish before the hearings began. Obviously the steam generated there con- vinced the Labor Government that it must give ground to akTruman administration that is fighting to keep Europe's defense as the first priority of the Western worlds A major cause of U.S. disaffection about the Korean situation has been the fact that the UN nations which joined in the original action have been dragging their feet. If they can be spurred into actions similar to the British rubber ban, even if they do not furnish more troops, the public- opinion climate here will improve. Other fields in which the contending fac- tions are drawing closer together include: Formosa. For a very long time the Pres- ident talked only of "neutralizing" this island on which Chiang Kai-Shek and his Nationalists took refuge. But General Mir- shall has now told the joint committee em- phatically that there is no thought of yielding the island to the Reds. Recognition of Red China. The adminis- tration began with an aloof position. But since the Red Chinese entered the war in Korea, their views have changed. General Marshall now says that Mao will not be allowed to shoot his way into the United Nations. The bombing of Manchuria and beyond the Yalu River. The administration would- not sanction this, fearing general war, and our allies are dead set against it; it was one of their nightmares that General MacAr- thur would do it anyway. Now, however, all hands have agreed that if the Chinese Reds unleash heavy air power against us as they have not done to date, we shall retaliate immediately. Chiang Kai-Shek and hIs army. After refusing for a long time to touch him with a 10-foot pole, the Pentagon is now sending a mission of 600 men to help Chiang build up his forces. This is, of course, a part of the tougher attitude on Formosa for which the Chinese Reds have only themselves to blame. The embargoes against Red China, so in- sistently demanded by administrations critics publicly and pressed privately by the state department, are coming along now as pre- viously noted. All this may not satisfy extremists or those who hope to make political capital of the situation but it is making a very favorable impression on thoughtful peo- nle in hoth narties who have been greatly Sixty-First Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Editorial Staff Jim Brown ... ........Managing Editor Paul Brentlinger..........City Editor Roma Lipsky.......Editorial Director Dave Thomas ..........Feature Editor Janet Watts .........Associate Editor Nancy Bylan ..........Associate Editor James Gregory ........Associate Editor Bill Connolly...........Sports Editor Bob Sandell .-.Associate Sports Editor Bill Brenton ....Associate Sports Editor Barbara Jans .........Women's Editor Pat Brownson Associate Women's Editor Business Staff Bob Daniels .......Business Manager Walter Shapero Assoc. Business Manager Paul Schaible .....Advertising Manager Sally Fish .......... Finance Manager Bob Miller ........Circulation Manager Telephone 23-24-1 Member of The Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches, credited to it or otherwise credited to this, newspaper. All rights of republication of all other matters herein are also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan as second-class mail matter. Subscription during regular school year: by carrier, $6.00; by mail, $7.00. 4 I 1 1 ' 1, A Looking Back FIFTEEN YEARS PRESIDENT Franklin Delano Roosevelt swept into a commanding lead over his New Deal foe, Col. Henry Breckinridge of New York, in the Democratic presidential BARNABY Mom made sandwiches for fFor finding our way back Yes, indeed. I know the habifs I LMr. O'MalIley! You spilled1 A-