THE DEMOCRATIC
CHALLENGE
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VOL. LXI, No. 155 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, MAY 13, 1951
FAIR, WARMER
SIX PAGES
a:r
Surveys Show
Drop in Rights
At Universities
Reds
Mass
for
New
Drive
Despite
Heavy
Air
Attacks
101 -/ New Force
By DAVE THOMAS
Academic freedom on American college campuses has entered a
stage of creeping eclipse, two reports on freedom of expression in the
academic world agree.
In two articles which ran in the New York Times last week, the
results of a survey which examined 72 major colleges and universities
in the United States indicated that "a subtle, creeping paralysis of
freedom of thought and speech is attacking college campuses in many
parts of the country, limiting both students and faculty in the area
traditionally reserved for the free exploration of knowledge and truth."
* * * *
LIMITATIONS ON free inquiry take a variety of forms, the Times
article said, "but their net effect is a widening tendency toward pass-
ive acceptance of the status quo, conformity, and a narrowing of the
area of tolerance in which students, faculty and administrators feel
free to speak, act and think independently."
In separate survey, the American Civil Liberties Union re-
vealed that 17 out of 33 college newspaper editors reported con-
crete violations of academic freedom on their campuses at their
schools since the end of the war.
Barring of controversial speakers from campuses was listed as
the most frequent violation, with eight of the editors noting that stu-
dents organizations on their campuses had run into difficulty with
administrative officials when outside controversial speakers were in-
vited to address them.
* * * *
OTHER VIOLATIONS of academic freedom mentioned by the
editors included suspension of student groups (four cases), investiga-
tion of the school by outside committees, legislative or otherwise (five
cases), faculty loyalty oaths (six cases), punitive measures against fa-
culty members for political or extra-curricular utterances (five cases)
and the censoring of teaching materials.
(The Civil Liberties Union has no connection with the Civil
Rights Congress which has been listed by the U.S. Attorney Gen-
eral as subversive.)
ACLU officials did not claim an "official" status for their report
nor did they maintain that it was at all comprehensive. They describ-
ed It as an informal poll in which student editors from four Big Ten
schools, including the University, and other institutions from all over
the country took part.
* * * *
VIOLATIONS LISTED from the University were: the banning of
Communist speaker Herbert J. Phillips from campus last spring; a
loyalty oath which University faculty, along with all other State em-
SEE EDITORIAL PAGE FOUR
poyes, must sign; the banishment of the campus chapter of the Michi-
gan Youth for Democratic Action; and the "Marxian bias" controversy
which resulted in the discontinuance of the University's worker's edu-
cation courses in the extension service.
Phillips, ousted philosophy professor from the University of
Washington, debated Prof. Preston Slosson of the history depart-
ment at an overflow, off-campus meeting, after being denied use
of University property under a Regent's by-law.'
sPermanent employes of the University (above the rank of teach-
ing fellow in the case of the faculty) are required to sign an oath
which says that they are not a member of any"political party or or-
ganization which advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form
of government." All State employes have been required to sign the
oath since 1941 and the requirement has never roused any protest
from faculty or civil liberties organization here.
IN THE SPRING of 1947, President Ruthven barred the campus
chapter of Michigan Youth for Democratic Action from the campus£
because they would not sever their connection with the national or-
ganization, American Youth for Democracy, which had been listed as;
r subversive. The Student Legislature later supported his action.
The "Marxian bias" controversy was precipitated by a junior
executive of the General Motors Corp. in the fall of 1948. He
charged that certain courses designed for workers and offered by
the University's extension service were tinged with "Marxian bias."
When labor representatives and University officials could not
agree on "revised" courses, the entire program was dropped."
IN THE TIMES articles, the emphasis was placed upon more sub-
tle influences acting to curb academic freedom.
Members of college communities from Maine to California1
indicated that they felt varying degrees of inhibition about speak-1
ing out on controversial issues and participating in politics be-(
cause of social pressures and the fear of jeopardizing opportuni-
ties for advanced study or employment chances with colleges or
the government.
Another result of this tendency towad self-censorship was a cam-
pus apathy on current problems that "bordered almost on their deli-
berate exclusion."
S * , *
THE SURVEY SHOWED that the inhibitions took these forms,
according to the Times:
"1. A reluctance to speak out on controversial issues in and out
of class.
"2. A reluctance to handle currently unpopular concepts even inl
classroom work where they may be part of the study program.
"3. An unwillingness to join campus political clubs.
"4. Neglect of humanitarian causes because they may be suspecte
in the minds of politically unsophisticated officials.
"5. An emphasis on lack of affiliation.
"6. A sharp turning inward to local college problems to the ex-r
clusion of broader current questions."l
The college people admitted that part of the wariness and
apathy was not solely the product of the current "hysteria" gen-
erated by men like Sen. Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin who was s
named in this connection by many participants in the survey.
Other factors contributing toward decreased liberal activity weret
listed as a "mature awareness of the true nature of Communism," and2
"the probable inevitability of the draft, the fear and uncertainty inr
national life and a fatalistic and frustrated conviction that little cany
be done in the college area to alter international developments." C
* * * *C
*
*
*
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M'
Ci dermen
Rout
* * *
MSC,
t1 A 1/_ A
Y2 -4 2
* * *
Love Lock
Three unidentified men crept
between the kissing couples in
front of Mosher Hall at 12:28
a.m. this morning and chained
the doors shut, barring the en-
try of last minute Mosherites.
Learning of her charges' pad-
locked plight, the house advi-
sor gave the co-eds five minutes
clemency and sent them around
to the rear entrance. None of
the involved couples appeared
displeased at the inconvenience.
Watch Reds
In Europe
-- Marshall
WASHINGTON-()-Secretary
of Iefense George Marshall de-
clared yesterday "we are moving
toward success" in ending Red
Chinese aggression in Korea, but
warned that Russia is the "real
opponent" who could plunge the
world into war.
He declared that Russia might
march against Western Europe at
any moment, and he stuck stead-
fastly to the administration thesis
that the risk of provoking Russian
intervention in Asia forbids the
high command to follow the stra-
tegy advocated by Gen. Douglas
MacArthur.
* * *
AS FOR EUROPE, Marshall
said, "I go on the basis myself that
Russia may step into the aggres-
sion at any moment, and this
country must prepare for a possible
war even though it may take two
or three years to build up de-
fenses."
But he said while a full-scale
war with Russia is "a very dan-
gerous possibility"-he does not
think it "is inevitable."
Marshal went on to say there is
a special situation in the Far East
in the Russia-Red China relation-
ship which creates the greatest
war risk.
HE EXPLAINED IT this way:
"Russia possesses a very valuable
ally in China. China, you might
say, is a Russian protectorate in a
sense, but one who is paying a
great bill of human lives and other
things in order to fulfill that role."
If the Chinese begin to feel they
have been "sold down the river,"
he continued, then Russia is in a
tough spot "as to what it does in
relation to the failure to the pres-
ent time of the Chinese Communist
forces to drive us out of Korea."
Youth Admits
Student Attack
A 17-year-old Ann Arbor youth
pleaded guilty yesterday in Muni-
cipal Court to a charge that he
slugged Joe Venneri, '52E, Wed-
nesday night in the second report-
ed assault in two weeks against a
University student.
The teenager's companion, Den-
nis Pitris, 20 years old, also im-
plicated in the beating, stood mute
when arraigned before Municipal
Judge Francis L. O'Brien on the
same charge.
Earlier, the pair had admitted
to police they were driving down
a city street when they spied Ven-
neri walking with his date. The
younger boy said the car passed
close to the couple and he reached
out and slugged Venneri.
Ball Squad,
Golf ers Also
Beat State
Jacobi, McEwen
Paee ThinClads
By HERB NEIL
A record-studded 84 1 -47 2
track victory over Michigan State
at Ferry Field highlighted a Michi-
gan clean sweep of the Spartans in
three athletic events yesterday af-
ternoon.
The Wolverines also staggered
MSC in baseball, 15-1, at East
Lansing and completed the white-
wash with 291/-61/ golf victory
in a combination meet that also
included a 20-16 win over Ohio
State at the University golf course.
(For baseball and golf details see
page three.)
* * *
IN THE track meet George Ja-
cobi ran a 1:53.8 half-mile, one of
the fastest 880's recorded in dual
meet competition around the na-
tion this spring, and Don McEwen
set a new Ferry Field mile record
of 4:13.2.
Bill Konrad ran his best races
to date in winning the 100 And
220-yard dashes in 9.7 and 21.7,
respectively, while Ron Soble
jumped his furthest in winning
the broad jump with a leap of
24' 74".
Wolverine runners and fieldmen
won ten of the 14 events and
shared two other victories with the
1'
** *
Concentrates
Near - Seoul
Advance 3 Miles
At River Salient
TOKYO - ( - Massing Red
troops today stepped up their pre-
parations in the mountains of
Central Korea for a new offensive
despite heavy Allied artillery and
plane attacks.
Another Red concentration, es-
timated at 15,000, was reported on
the Western front about 20 miles
northwest of Seoul.
REDS in the center were pouring
down from the north toward a
three-mile-wide bridgehead on the
south bank of the Choyang River
more than 45 miles northeast of
Seoul.
The mid-morning communi-
ques of both the U.S. Eighth
Army in Korea and General
Headquarters in }Tokyo noted a
stepup of Red activities.
"Air observation reported an in-
crease in enemy activity and move-
ment in the area southeast of
Hwachon yesterday," Eighth Army
reported.
* * *
HWACHON, seven miles north of
the 38th parallel, is 15 miles north-
west of the Reds' Choyang River
bridgehead near Chunchon in
South Korea.
The Re s repulsed American
infantry in a six-hour battle
yesterday and expanded the
bridgehead.
The general headquarters com-
munique said "air sightings indi-
cate acceleration of hostile acti-
vity in forward areas and move-
ment of supplies southward."
GROUND activity was limited
largely to skirmishes. But South
Koreans had to repel a half dozen
Red counterattacks near Inje, just
north of the 38th parallel and more
than 75 miles northeast of Seoul.
14avy carrier-based planes
raked Reds in trenches near Inje.
Both Inje and Chunchon were
Red buildup areas. Another was
near Kapyong, 32 miles northeast
of Seoul.
AT EIGHTH ARMY Headquar-
ters, AP Correspondent Robert
Eunson said reports were received
that 15,000 Reds were massing on
the western front near the village
of Kalgong. The village is six miles
east of Junsan in an area about
200 miles northwest of Seoul.
North of Uijongbu, 11 miles
north of Seoul, Reds on both sides
of the road fought a half dozen
small skirmishes yesterday. A Red
mule train west of the road was
blasted by artillery fire.
-Daily-Roger Reinke
MICHIGAN'S JACOBI SPRINTS TO 1:53.8 HALF MILE
Judic Elects
Blumrosen
Al Blumrosen, '53L, was elected
the president of the Men's Judici-
ary Council for the '51 fall semes-
ter by the present members of the
Council.
Blumrosen, who succeeds John
Ryder, '53L, was, as an under-
graduate, a member of The Daily
staff for three years and served as
Daily City Editor for the year
'49-'50. The 22 year old new presi-
dent is a Detroit resident, and
has been a member of the Men's
Judiciary Council since Jan. '51.
* *C * '
Spartans in the pole vault and
the high jump, 11 of them produc-
ing new meet records.
CHUCK WHITEAKER finished
second only a yard behind Jacobi
in the half. Jacobi's 1:53.8 time is
nearly a second better than any
other Big Ten 880-yard man has
been able to turn in this spring.I
Jacobi edged past Don Makiel-j
ski of Michigan State, who had
led from the start, with 150 yards
left in the race, and then held
off Whiteaker's stretch drive.
Whiteaker had taken over sec-
ond place with 50 yards to go to
beat out Makielski by a yard.
In setting the Ferry Field mile
World News
Roundup
By The Associated Press
PANAMA, Panama - Alcibiades
Arosemena, 66-year-old dairy
farmer and former vice president,
quietly took over the presidency of
strife-ridden Panama yesterday.
KALAMAZOO, Mich.-Six Kala-
mazoo Coulity farmers, disgusted
over congressional delay in sending
grain to India's hungry millions,
yesterday readied a ton of wheat
for shipment to the Indian em-
bassy in Washington.
HANNIBAL, Mo. - The rising
Mississippi river threw added
strain on water-weakened levees
in Iowa and Illinois yesterday
but hundreds of lowland resi-
dents gambled that the barri-
cades would hold, as weather
forecasters predict another half
foot rise.
DETROIT-The hot-and-cold
peace talks in the 22-day Detroit
transit strike chilled again yester-
day as bitter arguments broke out
between the management and the
AFL Operators Union on every
issue discussed.
record McEwen erased the 4:14.4
mark of Don Lash of Indiana, set
in 1935. McEwen took command of
the race at the quarter mark and
ran his first half in 2:05.7. In-
creasing his lead to 20 yards on the
third lap McEwen finished 30 yards
ahead of Warren Druetzler, the
Spartans' early pacesetter.
* * *
McEWEN CAME BACK less than
an hour after his mile effort to
win the two mile run in 9:16.6,
only 15 seconds off his Ferry Field
two mile record set last week
against Wisconsin. The Wolverine
distance star took the lead away
from Dreutzler again after three-
quarters and proceeded to build up
his lead over the Spartan star to a
90-yard margin at the finish.
Konrad's 9.7 century time is
the best 100-yard time recorded
in the Conference this spring,
while his 21.7 220 time is sec-
ond only to Illinois's Cirilo Mc-
Sween's effort in the Illi's tri-
(Continued on Page 3)
Congressman
Blasts India
WASITINGTON-UP)-Rep. Cox
(D-Ga.) accused India yesterday
of playing Russia against the Uni-
ted States in an effort to "black-
mail" Congress into a free gift of
2,000,000 tons of grain.
His charge was the first round
to be fired in what is expected to
be a no-holds-barred foreign poli-
cy debate when the India grain
bill comes to the House.
After twice shelving the bill,
leaders for a third time scheduled
it for a showdown test next Tues-
day.
House members were cautious
about predicting the outcome of
a vote on the administration pro-
posal for $190,000,000 in famine
relief for India.
Rep. Vorys (R-Ohio), Republi-
can foreign policy spokesman in
the House, said he thought some
kind of a grain bill will be
passed-" but how many strings
are going to be tied to it is an-
other question."
SL Confab
Tomorrow
Student Legislature's new sub-
committee on University paterna-
lism will hold its first meeting at
4 p.m. tomorrow in the SL Build-
ing at 122 S. Forest St.
The paternalism subcommittee,
operating under the SL Campus
Action Committee,*was set up Fri-
day under the chairmanship of
Student Legislator Pete Hall, '52.
Hall, who ran for SL on a plat-
form critical of alleged "restric-
tive andipaternalistic" practices
of the University's administration,
last night invited and requested
all students interested in the com-
mittee's aims to attend the meet-
ing.
Hall emphasized that the sub-
committee is particularly interest-
ed in hearing from students who
have information on alleged Uni-
versity paternalism.
The initial meeting of the group,
Hall said, would evaluate these
cases and attempt to draw up a
working definition of which Uni-
versity practices are paternalistic
and unduly restrictive.
Griffin Calls Taxation, Credit
Controls,_Solution to Inflation
-Daily-Roger Reinke
AL BLUMROSEN
Merlin Townley, '52M, a for-
mer member of the Union Board
of Directors, was elected secre-
tary of the Council.
New members of the Council will
be announced in the next few
weeks.
"Inflation m u s t be fought
through taxation and credit re-
striction rather than direct con-
trols," Prof. Clare Griffin of the
* * *
Young Shows
Inflation Curb
"Our present inflation is con-
trollable," Ralph A. Young, di-.
rector of research for the Federal'
Reserve Board, declared in a
speech here yesterday.
"Substantial progress has been
made in absorbing the tremendous'
economic burden our defense ef-
fort has placed on the country,"
the economist asserted before an
alumni banquet of Phi Gamma
Delta fraternity. ,
However, he pointed out that the
business administration school
told several hundred alumni yes-
terday.
Speaking at the school's twenty-
first annual conference, Prof.
Griffin pointed out that since we
are in an extenuated "police ac-
tion," our policy must first be to
strengthen our overall economy
so that if there is a ,full-fledged
war we can quickly convert our in-
dustrial effectiveness.
* * *
"IF THE present conflict is a
long world-wide contest for the
minds and hearts of men," Prof.
Griffin asserted, "we must main-
tain our example of a free sys-
tem which includes a free ecen-
omy that works."
"Though we are in a warlike
world," he continued, "o'u r
strength still lies in a free mar-
ket system. This system has
'Mothering Day' Shows Vast Change
By HARRIET TEPPERMAN
her own mother succeeded in 1914,1
I the red or white carnation-al-I
:i