THE MICHIGAN DAILY aril u""A , 1i'ltiRCH 3, i di .L,..I Report on Red China OMt LIGHT has been thrown on the mys- tery of why the Chinese Communists en- red the Korean war in a recent series of ticles in the New York Times by a Bri- ;h journalist named Arthur Moore. Moore iginally wrote the articles for the Hindu- an Times, a New Delhi dail, after spend- g a nmonth in Red China. A month may not seem long to become ully acquainted with the changes being nade in a country as immense as China, fut Moore points out that he was free to ravel as he pleased and say whatever he vished. Moore seems to be convinced that what he saw and learned of the new China m a month is the mode throughout the ountry. "I may say that neither before I left Hong ong nor in China, did I meet a single non- ainese who did not emphatically state at the People's Republican Government is comparably better than the old Kuomin- ,ng Government or any Government from hich a living tradition descends. For the rst time in more than a generation prices re stable and the swollen currency is being pidly deflated, an estimable boon which 1 appreciate. For the first time public op- iion regards the 'squeeze' as morally wrong. or the first time soldiers learn that they e the protectors and servants of the peo- e an'd not their masters. Moore goes on to say, "that leaders of roved quality who have the people at their 31 should, apparently, I.repeat apparently, e prepared to throw away, in a war with ze United Nations for the sake of Korea, 1 that has been gained and all that shine* efore them along the upward road of rural iconstruction and industrial development surely a phenomenon that requires ex- loration." After conceding that the Communist eads do not regard their soldiers as mere annon fodder and that apart from Soviet tervention, the possibility of exhausting ie resources of the United Nations does not cist, Moore remains unable to explain the hinese action. The question that then comes to the mind whether Russian influence or domination weited Mao to enter the war. According to Moore this is highly improbable. It is his pinion that the Chinese believe they need ussian friendship, but that they are not :ditorials published in the Michigan Daily re written by members of The Daily staff nd represent the views of the writers only. NIGHT EDITOR: RON WATTS wiling to pay the price of Russian domina- tion or dictatorship for it. "Nobody, not even the Russians, ap- pears to suppose that China ever will or can be, a mere satellite of the Soviet," Moore says. "The Russians do not maze free with the Chinese as they do with the Czecks, the Poles and the Bulgars and as they still in- dignantly demand the right to do with the Yugoslavs. They seem even awed by the new, unforced friendship which their great neighbor displays to them. Some of them may perhaps ask themselves what they have done to deserve it." Therefore it seems that the Chinese did not enter the war by Moscow's direction nor do the Chinese have any national interest in Korea. The fact is that the entire reform program of the People's Central Govern- ment is being jeopardized by the cost of the Korean war. The Chinese government, according to Moore does not believe that the Nationalist forces are finished and can not be rejuve- nated. They feel that their regime is in con- stant danger of a resurgent Nationalist army under Chiang. "Communist China's main immediate gri- evance against the United States lies in her firm belief that it still is supplying Chiang. Kai-shek with war materials and dreams of helping him to reconquer the mainland and to become an American puppet pillaging his countrymen while conceding to Americans a dominant position in foreign trade and the exploitation of China's resources." Therefore when the UN forces, which are primarily American and, in the eyes of the Chinese, staunch supporters of Chiang startr ed ranging toward the Manchurian border, Mao became fearful. The Chinese acted to prevent armies which they consider the forces of reaction from endangering the yet unconsolidated Chinese Communist regime. So they jumped into the war. Mao may have been mistaken, but nev- ertheless, in the light of Moore's reports on China, what at first seemed to be Communist propaganda justifying another act of international Communism, now seems to deserve some credulity, The Chi- nese "aggression" in Korea may actually have stemmed from fear.. At any rate, Moore is of the opinion that without publicly abandoning the war the Chinese will stop sending "volunteers" to Korea and will gradally fade from the scene rather than sacrifice the men and material which otherwise would be employ- ed in reconstructing China along Mao's Communist lines. -Paul Marx Strategy of A ttrition W AR IS A GRIM business. Its object is always' to destroy the enemy's will and ability to fight. In today's "cold war" terms: to destroy an aggressor's will and ability to commit aggression. In conventional war the grimness is sometimes toned down for the home front. For its ebb and flow are reported largely in terms of points and lines on the map. Geography furnishes a screen of imper- sonality. In Korea there can be neither intent nor expectation of conquering the enemy's ter- ritory. The task is to make continued in- tervention so costly-in weapons, equip- ment, supplies, and in manpower-that not only the Chinese Communists but other Kremlin allies also will be discouraged from further adventures. This inescapable emphasis on exacting a toll-especially a human toll-takes all the varnish off. And while we, with others, de- plore such needlessly sanguinary and melo- dramatic terms as "Operation Killer," the answer lies in making aggressive wars un- profitable, not in telling ourselves that they are fought by either side with neat moves on a chess board. And the UN strategy in Korea does seem to be paying' off. One Communist offensive has been decisively smashed, and the build-up for perhaps a still bigger one thrown off balance. Reports from behind the "bamboo curtain," which should not be accepted without caution but which cannot be dismissed as rumor, suggest that the Reds' prodigal offensives in Korea have begun to strain the whole Communist regime and to encourage guer- rilla resistance within China. To the extent that this proves true will Korea have helped to contain aggressive Communism everywhere. -Christian Science Monitor t "Wait - Let's Not Get There Ahead Of Time" Xette4 TO THE EDITOR The Daily welcomes communications from its readers on matters of general interest, and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words in length, defamatory or libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will be condensed, edited or withheld from publication at the discretion of the editors. r z lY lti . !C' AM I r, r r r r O UROPF z pry,,, +ic .MSN .terae+ Poser' ce Fl ON THE Washington Merry-Go-Round with DREW PE.ARSON i _ I CIINIEMA .1 I'd MA'BTERT AF FaCT By STEWART ALSOP' :s WASHINGTON-A nightmare is begin- ning to haunt those principally respon- sible for American foreign policy. For, it is now about as certain as such things can be that the Kremlin will soon formally pro- pose a. German settlement based on the unity of a "neutralized" Germany, after the staged withdrawal of all occupation troopo. And it is even possible that the Kremlin will add glittering window dressing, by os- tensibly accepting the principle of a free, secret, un-supervised vote to elect a single all-German government. This prospect has initiated a crucial, agonized debate in the inner circles of the State Department and the Pentagon. For the objective of such an apparently reasonable Soviet offer would be to end Western rearmament, split the Western alliance, and thus knock the props right out from under American foreign policy. The evidence is increasingly strong that the Soviets will produce such a proposal at the forthcoming Foreign Ministers' confer- ence. This evidence takes various forms, such as dispatches from Moscow, passed by the Soviet censors, reporting that the Soviets are now eager for a German settlement on generous terms. But the most convincing evidence is provided by the course of the campaign for "unity and neutrality" waged within Germany by the East German Com- munists. * * * AT FIRST, this campaign was based ex- clusively on the "Prague resolutions." The campaign made little headway, simply because the "Prague resolutions" are no more than a crude bhieprint for the Com- jmunist capture of all Germany. But re- cently, East German Communist chief Otto Grotewohl suddenly switched the line, more than hinting that the Communists would welcome free, secret elections throughout Germany as a basis for forming a united government. Grotewohl acted, of course, on specific instructions from the Kremlin. And Grotewohl's line thus almost certainly foreshadows the Kremlin's line at the Foreign Ministers' meeting. Almost no informed official believes -that a Soviet offer of a German settlement on such terms would be genuine. The reasons are obvious. A genuine German settlement would also involve a genuine Austrian settlement. 'this New Books at the Library Armstrong, Hamilton Fish, Tito and Go- would mean a Soviet guarantee to with- draw the Red Army from all the satellites -and the satellites are more restive than ever before. It would mean the loss to Rus- sia of the vital Erzegebirge uranium mines in East Germany. A really secret vote would mean an overwhelming defeat of the East German Communist regime, and a deadly blow at Soviet world prestige. Finally, it would mean a pro-Western or at least strongly anti-Communist, all-German gov- ernment, and however "neutralized" Ger- many might be, it is almost unimagineable that the Kremlin would accept such a risk. For these reasons and others, it is be- lieved that any Soviet proposal for a Ger- man settlement will be essentially a fakes a tempting trap for the unwary West. Yet even a fake proposal, cleverly camouflaged, could have disastrous consequences. Ameri- can policy is now squarely based on the as- sumption that a true balance of power can only be achieved, and peace maintained, if Western Europe is rendered defensible. * * * THE PENTAGON is convinced that West- ern Europe can never be defended with- out German participation. A German set- tlement providing for withdrawal of all occupation troops and the permanent de- militarization of Germany would, it is fear- ed, cause the Western European defense ef- fort, now just getting under way under Gen. Eisenhower's leadership, to crumble into nothingness. Yet even if the Kremlin only seemed ready to offer a reasonable settlement involving the withdrawal of the Red Army to the Rus- sian frontiers, the offer would be almost unbearably tempting to the Germans, the French, the British, and even to many Am- ericans. It might throw the whole Western alliance into an uproar of bitter mutual recrimination, causing the alliance to fall apart. This is why the internal debate now going on is so vitally important. One school of thought, particularly in the Pen- tagon, believes any German settlement at this time, on any terms, disastrous. This school would attempt to forestall the Kremlin with a prior American proposal for a German settlement, festooned with conditions which the Soviets would not conceivably accept. Yet any diplomatic device so obvious and so clumsy might it- self split the Allies, by convincing the Europeans that the United States was interested only in war. Another, smaller school of thought be- lieves that Uerman re-armament should be used as a bargaining counter; that it is not At The Orpheum . BITTER RICE, with Silvana Mangano, Doris Dowling, Victor Gassman, Ralph Vallone, and suitable rice-picking women. "BITTER RICE" is another distinct tri- umph for Italian movie makers, very much equal to comparison with "Open City" and "Bicycle Thief". Achieving all that Howard Hughes pro- ductions vainly promise (power, passion, sex, etc.) "Bitter Rice" follows a peasant girl in the rice fields, who is lured by a neck- lace into a conspiracy to steal rice. With- out the phony gimmicks of a Hollywood job, the audience also gets a mildly passionate picture of the 40 days Italian women spend in the fields doing work that calls for strong bodies and deft hands. The peasant girl is, of course, Silvana Mangano who has been ballyhooed with as much finesse as a livestock exhibition, vis: "full bodied and gracefully muscular, with rich voice and a handsome pliant face .. . minus 15 years . . . plus 25 pounds . ." Nonetheless, she is the most totally beauti- ful female object this reviewer has ever had the good fortune to see in a movie. Such pulchritude wandering about loose often distracts from reading subtitles, and some may even miss the obvious fact that Miss Mangana is also an excellent actress! The cast and photography follow what appears to be a uniquely Italian style of simplicity and directness which lends itself well to an uncomplicated film story. Cou- pled with the briefest of subtitles, the pic- ture becomes a completely captvating, ade- quately-paced whole. Judging from the crowd at the first showing at 1 p.m. yesterday, (attendance usually the usher, myself, and a few more if it is raining) the little Orpheum is go- ing to be jammed all weekend. It's worth the wait in line. (Disney cartoon fruitfully explores the psychological with Pluto's little Primitive Instinct.) -Craig Wilson (Editor's Note: During Drew Pearson's absence in Europe, the following column was written by his staff.) WASHINGTON-It may be a good thing that the boss, is away. While he is skirting the Iron Curtain countries and in no position to blue-pencil us, we can say some things that he would never say if he was here. For a long time the boss has debated what he should do about the vicious attacks leveled at him from the safety of the Senate floor by Senator McCarthy-attacks in which McCarthy not only called him a Communist but went to the extreme length of urging a boycott against all Drew's newspapers and his radio sponsor. We have talked with quite a few Senators and old-timers around the Senate and, so far as we can find out, this is the most unprece- dented senatorial attack in American history. On top of this, Mc- Carthy has had reprints made of speeches attacking the boss and has mailed them under his frank, at the taxpayers' expense, to 1,900 newspapers. These speeches again urge a boycott of the Pearson column and ask newspaper editors to drop it. Furthermore, copies of these speeches have been put in the hands of rival newspaper syndicate salesmen for discreet use in efforts to sell rival columns. This again makes use of senatorial immunity in a manner never heard of before in the entire history of the United States. The boss cannot sue McCarthy for libel because McCarthy has senatorial immunity and when he has answered McCarthy in print some newspapers feel it is a personal argument and blue- pencil it, though meanwhile giving McCarthy full play for his libelproof attacks. Furthermore, the boss can't sue any of his columnist competitors who pick up McCarthy's diatribes and republish them because reprints of Senate speeches are libel- proof, too. One funny thing is that, while McCarthy has been calling Drew a Communist, the Daily Worker in New York-official spokesman for the Communist party-has been hitting him just as hard. One week, for instance, McCarthy blasted the boss twice on the Senate floor while the Daily Worker blasted him three times editorially. Rule of Men .,, To the Editor: IN "DEFINING" Rules of Stu- dent Conduct, the University states: "The student concedes to the University the right, to require the withdrawal of any student at any time for any reason deemed suf- ficient to it." Every once in a while some dis- ciplinary committee (there are several) observes a student doing something that he "ought" not to do. The committee wheels out this agreement in one form or another and punishes the student, the latest victim being an engi- neer who failed to live up to the "Unwritten Code of Engineering Ethics." This rule of men, not law, has long been a source of irritation to those of us who are at all con- cerned about the kind of citizens this University turns out. For the University, by its example, is showing us1 the efficiency and simplicity of the police state. Af- ter all, it is much easier to tailor the law to fit the "crime" after it has been committed. It certainly would be a step in the direction of good citizenship training if the University would write out what it considers to be "conduct unbecoming a student" and all the other disciplinary catch-alls. It's high time the en- gineers prove their literacy by writing downtheir code of ethics. -James P. Jans * * * Capital Punishment... To the Editor: MR. ADOMIAN asks for facts; my only regret is that the re- striction of 300 words limits any adequate list of the abuses mani- fested by the practice of capital punishment. This important is- sue should not be obscured by misunderstanding; a simple enu- meration may help to clarify. 1). The number of men execut- ed that have later been proved in- nocent, past and present. 2) The ratio of homicide in states with capital punishment and those without. 3) The lack of deterrence of crimes in societies that have used capital punishment exclusively compared with the ratio of homi- cide in societies that have abol- ished this practice. 4) The malpractice of capital punishment in suppressing min- ority groups in certain states. 5) The lack of sufficient cri- teria to categorize incorrigibles. 6) The psychological factor o: hysteria, lynching mobs (in thos same states using capital punish ment), and vengeance along with its use. 7) The moral issue of the judg ing and condemning of one indi vidual by another. 8) The tendency to generaliz the treatment of all crime, b vengeance and retribution. 9)The historical fact, that capi , tal punishment has never beene "deterrent to crime. 10)dThe medical fact, that kill ers are not physically distinguish able from the normal. 11) The proven fact, that de generates can be cured and tha t the mentally ill can be rehabili c tated to happy, normal lives. f 12) Finally, the progress an advancement of a society tha e would abandon primitive mode Sof behavior, and endeavor to pro mote the interests of its indivi duals by using all accumulate - knowledge and experience in cop e ing with a major problem. e However, the most significar fact lies ih the realization th n proponents of capital punishmer r refuse to bear the burden c e proof. That they would declar a man an incorrigible killer with out presenting a shred of evidenc to attest to his incorrigibilit3 e that they would dare stand u e and proclaim the avenging of th e dead by adding to their numbe is, in itself, a fact that would hoi t rify the most malevolent specta d tor. i -Richard D. Helmrich s * * * l Navy Contracts ... To the Editor: THE UNIVERSITY has done great injustice in expelling student because he broke a sc called contract with the Navy.- e contract is valid only when bot - parties are bound to it. I ha n yet to see the Navy bind itself t any contract, especially with ar innocent individual. To back u. my argument, I wish to cite con- tracts the Navy broke with me. In 1944, I was drafted into the Navy. I applied for officer's train- ing and met all requirements ex- cept for poor eyesight. I was told that I was physically unfit to be. an officer, and because of my poor eyesight I would be assigned to limited duty. I was sent to sea and performed all the'duties assigned to so called physically fit persons. I protested, claiming that if I was physically fit to serve at sea I was physically fit to become an officer, Authorities agreed with me, but said regulations hav changed and that even thought had passed the intelligent tests, I did not have the educational background. Later I was discharg- ed into the inactive reserves and entered the University of Michi- gan, earning a degree. Last month the Navy notified me that I would soon be called back to ac- tive duty. I applied for a com- mission, I met all the require- ments again, including education- al, but still my eyesight was not. good enough to be an officer. I was told however, that if I should be sent to sea, that I could then apply for and receive a commis- sion. I guess the reader can com- prehend the true situation. -Nistor Poteova University Attitude To the Editor: H AVING JUST sent in a pledge for the Phoenix Project a few moments ago and feeling some- what proud that I am able to aid the University in a small way to- ward a noble goal, I began think-* ing of the manner in which the University has treate'd various fraternities in recent years and what a complete reversal of atti- tude she has taken in approach- ing members of those samer- ternities in quest of funds for the building of this great atomic pro- ject. The University believes students and ex - students are mature enough to realize the advantages that can be had from the Phoenix Project for the whole world, yet she does not believe that the same people are mature enough to drink a bottle of' beer in a fraternity house without losing all sense of what is right or wrong. I firmly believe that a great deal of good would come of a more understanding attitude on the part i of the University toward the stu- dent body if she adopted the same policy toward her undergraduates as students as she does toward those from whom she would ac- f cept donations. Also I am sure e the number of pledges from the - campus would increase consider- ably. --David P. Hummer '50 a k 4 .4 '*1 / DANGER OF McCARTHYISM THE REAL DANGER of McCarthyism is summed up in an eye- opening editorial in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of Feb. 18: "Gloomy Washington prophets are forecasting a period of 'The Big Lie,' of the furtive informer, of the character assassin, of inquisition, eavesdropping, smear and distrust. They lump the whole under the term McCarthyism, a common noun derived as in the past other expressions have been taken from personalities such as Judge Lynch Captain Boycott and Vidkun Quisling." One step in McCarthy's campaign to silence the boss is an attempt to shut off his news sources. By demanding a probe of the "Pearson spies" in the Pentagon, McCarthy has tried to intim- idate news sources. However, the boss will keep on digging out the blunders that bureaucrats classify as "secret" and the hidden facts that the publi should know. The record will show the boss puts security ahead o: the news, and withholds stories upon the advice of the Pentagon. Secretary of the Army Pace stated the boss did not violate cod security in publishing secret cables that McCarthy is howling about In fact, the boss was warned in advance that the only security risk would be revealing the document number and date of the secret mes- sage. McCarthy couldn't resist showing off his spy system to prov that he could get secret cables too. Too, he unwisely revealed both th document number and the date on the Senate floor. Thus, ironically, McCarthy made himself a target of his own investigation, and the Justice Department is checking McCarthy for revealing the only dangerous part of the document-the key to the secret message. Drew is not the first newspaperman McCarthy has tried to silence He used similar tactics against others, including the conservative Saturday Evening Post. McCarthy classified the Post in the same category with the Daily Worker for publishing a critical articl about him. "It is disturbing to find that this article is almost 100 per cen in line with the official instructions issued to the Communists an fellow traveling members of the press and radio by Gus Hall, nationa secretary of the Communist party," McCarthy wrote to the editor after taking the precaution of inserting his letter in the congressiona record, thus protecting himself from libel. McCarthy would have us believe that anyone who criticizes him is following the Communist line. We do not accept that doctrine. Freedom of speech means freedom to differ, even with McCarthy. Public discussion is a political duty, and criticism is essential to good government. We would be just as quick to defend McCarthy's right to criticiz Drew-if the Senator would stop hiding behind his senatorial im munity just as the Chinese Communists hide behind the Manchuria border. (Copyright, 1951, by the Bell Syndicate, Inc.) Sixty-First Year Edited and managed by students Of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control at Student Publications. Editorial Staff Jim Brown.. .......Managing Editor Paul Brentlinger............City Editor Roma Lipsky. ........ .Edttorial Director Dave Thomas ........Feature Editor Janet Watts.............Associate Editor Nancy Bylan. ... ... .. .Associate Editor James Gregory...... .Associale Editor Bill Connolly............Sports Editor Bob Sandel.... Associate Sports Editor Bill Brenton.. . .Associate Sports Editor Barbara Jans.......Women's Editor Pat Brownson Associate Women's Editor Business Staff Bob Daniels........ Business Man~ager Walter Shapero Assoc. Business Manager Paul Schaible....Advertising Manager Bob Mersereau........Finance Manager Bob Miller.......Circulation Manager Telephone 23-24-1 Member of The Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches creditea to It or otherwise credited to this newspaper. All rights of republication of all other matters herein are also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan as second-class mal matter. Subscription during regular school year: by carrier, $6.00; by mail, $7.00. AMA Opposition t. I THE AMERICAN Medical Association, which has a habit of opposing any de- velopment in the economics of medical care it cannot control, has announced its opposi- tion to a pending Senate bill which would provide federal aid for education in medi- cine and allied fields. Dr. Elmer L. Henderson of Louisville, A.M.A. president, said doctors "feel the bill will end in federal control of the nation's medical schools." This is nonsense. The bill, which incidentally has been approved by such a doughty fighter for capitalism and private enterprise as Senator Taft, contains specific safeguards against federal inter- ference in medical education. Indeed, there is no more danger of Gov- ernment control under the pending bill than there is of A.M.A. control under the organization's own plan to help bail out the hard-pressed schools. The two plans differ in one important particular. The -r _ . ,. _ .- - - ti BARNABY I've spent years studying law, Barnaby. It's a requisite nowadays for getting to the top in the Fairy Godfather game. Just as it is in any other profession- % - - - - as No, but how about my reputation? If it got around at the Elves, Leprechauns, Gnomes, and Little Men's Chowder and Marching Society that I was watching ov r aoui ;,,finars.ros,, w ir, We'll untangle the whole nasty legal mess that your folks and Gus somehow have gotten into. 1I . m -"