CALIFORNIA' S
LOYALTY OATH
See Page 4

Y

Latest Deadline in the State

~IUIAJ

SLEET OR SNOW



VOL. LXI, No. 81

ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, JANUARY 14, 1951

EIGHT PAGES

I II -


'U' Withdrawals
For Service Rise
Draft, Deferments, Enlistment and
Student Reserve Status Explained
By LEONARD GREENBAUM
While both University and draft board officials are urging stu-,
dents to remain in school as long as possible, withdrawals to join the
Aarmed forces have risen sharply.
To date this semeste 149 "U" students have left for military ser-
vice. Of this group 49 withdrew in January alone with the previous
high being 30 in October.
* * * *
NINETY OF THE STUDENTS left to enlist, 52 were called up by
the reserves, one by the National Guard and. six were drafted.
Assistant Dean James Robertson of the Literary College,
where most of the withdrawals are occuring, said that students
are "uncertain and confused" over whether to enlist, to wait and
trust to luck or to vacillate.
How the six students were drafted remains a mystery to both
"U" and draft board officials. One explanation was that the students
had withdrawn prior to a pending draft call at the end of the semes-
ter.
UNDER THE Selective Service Act of 1948 student deferments
are given only to those enrolled in Medical, Dental, Veterinary and
Osteopathic schools. These students are placed in class 2-A.
All other students who pass their physical are placed in 1-A,
but it is mandatory that their induction be postponed.
It is up to the local board, however, to determine whether the
postponement is to be given for the semester or until the end of the
school year. This is entirely dependent on local quotas, available
selectees and board attitude.
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, upon receipt of their questionaire,
should file an official statement from the University attesting their
;enrollment.
These statements may be secured by Literary College fresh-
men and sophomores in Rm. 1210 Angell Hall and by juniors
- and seniors in Rm. 1006 Angell Hall.
Students in the Graduate School, School of Education, School of
Music, Pharmacy College, School of Forestry, College of Architecture
and Design and School of Public Health should obtain the statement
in the Registrar's Office, Administration Bldg.
All other students should secure them from the school or
college in which they are enrolled.
* These statements are only issued for the semester enrolled and
should be resubmitted in the second semester unless a postponement
until June has been obtained.
Should a student whose home is out of state receive notice to re-
port for a physical from his local board he can arrange to take the
examination through the Ann Arbor board.
These examinations will be held in Detroit and the results for-
warded to the student's local board. The time between the physical
and induction varies with the individual boards..
If a selectee is not drafted within 120 days of his physical and if
he has not received a postponement a second physical is required be-
fore induction.
S* s " s
SHOULD A STUDENT withdraw from the University during the
semester he should investigate the possibility of obtaining partial cre-
dit from the school or college in which he is enrolled. Many 'pro-rat-
ing' plans have already been set up to provide such credit.
All foreign students who have entered this country solely for
academic purposes and have not filed for citizenship are not re-
quired to register for the draft. They must, however, earry with
them at all times their passport and visa.
Up until the time a student receives his notice to report for a
physical examination he is still able to enlist in any service, reserve
unit or national guard.
ENLISTMENTS INTO THE Air Force and Navy, however, have
already been stoppged in many cities throughout the country due to
the sudden rise of enlistees since December.
At some recruiting stations such as Ann Arbor's, applicationsa
for enlistment in the Air Force are still being accepted from vete-
rans or students who have had two years of college or more.I
These applications, however, are not being processed immediately
but will be used in the future to fill Air Force quotas assigned to
the recruiting area.
Enlistments in reserve and national guard units are still open,
but enlistees are subject to immediate call should the unit be needed
for service. How long the reserve and guard will be open is dubious. At
present a Congressional committee is investigating charges of draft
evasion through enlistments in these two organizations. '
Both Robert Norris, assistant chairman of the Washtenaw Coun-
ty Draft Board and Richard Correll, Director of the University's Vete-
ran's Service Bureau urged students to take full advantage of post-
ponement until June and await further clarification of student status
See DRAFT Page 7

Truman Will
Ask Large
Tax Boosts
Budget Outline
Due Tomorrow
WASHINGTON -(A')- Presi-
dent Truman ,tomorrow will ask
for the biggest peacetime tax
boost in history--at least $16,-
000,000,000 - which, if Congress
approves, might mean a 30 per-
cent or more general increase in
the present tax load.
Moreover, the cost of arming
against Communist aggression
may add 5,000,000, or more per-
sons to the federal tax rolls,
bringing the total number of tax-
payers to around 60,000,000.
TRUMAN WILL outline, in his
budget message to Congress Mon-
day, just what he expects the de-
fense program to cost in the fiscal
Year beginning July 1. He will
ask for a tax program to put this
program on a pay-as-you-go basis
that, he said, will tax until "it
hurts."
Advance speculation has been
that the budget will call for ex-
penditures of $70,000,000,000 or
more. T h at would be $16,-
000,000,000 or more above what
present tax laws-including the
post-Korea $8,000,000,000 in-
crease-are expected to yield in
revenues in fiscal 1952.
Some congressional members
privately voiced doubts that $16,-
000,000,000 more a year can be
raised - on top of the new record
$50,000,000,000-plus expected to
be obtained under existing tax
law. The tax load .now is far
ahead of the World War II record
of $43,900,000,000 collected in
1945.
THE TAX - FRAMING House
Ways and Means Committee yes-
terday set February 5 for the
opening of public hearings on the
biggest tax measure.
If the President and Congress
follow the advisers, the big tax
bill probably would:
1. Draw more billions from the
individuals. Explaining that 86
per cent of indi~idual income goes
to, persons making ' $10,000 or
less, the advisers said "by far
the largest part of the additional
revenue must comebfrom the mid-
dle and lower tax brackets." This
may mean a lowering of the
present $600 exemption for each
person.
2. Increase the corporation rate
again. Inrthe two tax boosts since
the Korean War began Congress*
has increased the corporation top
rate from 38 percent to 47 per-9
cent, and has slapped on a 77 per-
cent excess prflts tax.
3. Heavy increase of the excise
taxes, especially on civilian goods.
which compete for materials and
facilities needed in "the defensea
effort.
4. Plug tax law loopholes; in-
crease capital gains rates, tight-
en up on percentage depletion for
oil and similar industries that
take their resources from the
earth, and generally scour the
minor areas of taxation in a
search for more revenue.
World News I
RoundupI

AI1ie 
Reds
UN Passes
Cease-Fire'
Korean Plan
Five-Point Order
Approved 50 to 7
LAKE SUCCESS - (A) -- The
United Nations Political Commit-
tee overwhelmingly approved yes-
terday a five-point plan for an
immediate cease-fire in Korea and
a far eastern conference attend-
ed by Red China.
Russia voted against it and high
diplomats said this foreshadowed
rejection by Communist China.
' . .
THE VOTE was 50 to 7. It came
unexpectedly after a committee
session marked by cries of "ap-
peasement," "blackmail" a n d
"sell-out" against the new pro-
posal. The cease-fire appeal is the
fifth message on the issue of end-
ing the fighting to be sent Com-
munist China since the Red masses
surged into North Korea last No-
vember. All other messages were
rejected or ignored.
The five members of the So-
viet bloc plus NationalisthChina
and El Salvador voted against
the declaration. The Philippines
abstained and Afghanistan and
Costa Rica were absent.
The United States voted for the
principles and was represented as
feeling that a week is long enough
to wait for answer. If it is rejected
or no answer is received in that
time, it was said, the Americans
and others are ready to pus for-
ward a resolution to brand Com-
munist China as the aggressor in
Korea.
The principles in brief are:
1. An immediate cease-fire,
with safeguards so it will not
be used as a screen for mounting
a new offensive.
2. If a cease-fire occurs, it
thould be used to pursue consider-
ation of further steps for restor-
ing peace.
3. All non-Korean armed forces
will be withdrawn, by appropriate
stages, from Korea and arrange-
ments are to be made in accordE
with UN principles for the Ko-
rean people to express their own
free will in respect to their futuret
government.
4. Appropriate temporary ar-
rangements will be made for ad-
ministering Korea and main-z
taining peace and security there
pending completion of the steps
listed in the first three para- -
graphs. '
5. "As soon as agreement has
been reached on a cease-fire, the1
General Assembly shall set up anf
appropriate body which shall in-s
clude representatives of the gov-
ernments-of the United Kingdom,f
the United States of America, the
Union of Soviet Socialist Repub-
lics, and the People's Republic of

China with a view to the achieve-
ment of a settlement in conform-
ity with existing international ob-
ligations, and the provisions of
the United Nations charter, of
Far Eastern problems, including,
among others, those of Formosa
(Taiwan) and of representation 1
of China in the United Nations."

Hold

Wonju Area;
s from Pusan

65

MiIc

IIM-
I'1§**a _ ~nnists

-AP News Photo
SUPPLIES DROPPED TO TROOPS IN WONJU SECTOR - Supplies dropped to American troops
in Wonju area of South Korea dangle from mass of parachutes after release from Air Force combat
cargo plane, a C-119. Supplies contained ammunition and gas for embattled GI's who last night
counter-attacked just,south of Wonju.


I

CALIFORNIA 'CONTROVERSY:

Faculty Groups Attack Oath

University faculty members
have lent both vocal and financial
support to University of California
professors fighting the Regents
requirement of a special non-
Communist oath.
The Ann Arbor chapter of the
American Federation of Teachers,
in a move to help California pro-
fessors fighting the legality of the
oath requirement, has set up a
committee to collect and forward
checks to the U-C group.
*, * e
"CONTRIBUTIONS will be used
to help defray the legal expense
of challenging the legality of the
Regents in failing to renew faculty
appointments for refusal to sign
the disputed oath," according to
Prof. John Arthos, of the English

department, president of the lo-
cal AFT.
Prof. Arthos requested per-
sons making contributions to
submit them to him, or a mem-
ber of the AFT committee which
'will forward checks to Cali-
fornia.
Members of the committee are
Professors John P. Dawson of the
Law School, Claude Eggertsen of
the education school, Wesley
Maurer of the journalism depart-
ment and Preston Slosson of the
history department.
** *
CHECKS SHOULD be made out
to the Group for Academic Free-
dom, Arthur Brayfield, Treasurer,
Prof. Arthos said.
Members of this group are the
S * .

California Loyalty Oath
Irks Nation's Educators

By BOB KEITH
The University of California
Board of Regents has precipitat-
ed one of the biggest controver-
sies ever to jar the academic world
with its decision to impose a loyal-
ty oath on faculty members and
other university employees.
Originally devised as a means
of merely implementing a decade-
old policy of not employing Com-
munists at the university, the
oath touched off an explosion
which is just reaching its cresen-
do.
THE MATTER may be settled
legally by a state court decision
expected early in February, but
some are convinced that the prin-
ciples involved may cause dispute
for years to come.
It was in the spring of 1949
that the trouble really started,
when California's Regents or-
dered some 4,000 faculty mem-
bers, along with 6,000 other em-
ployees, to subscribe to anloath
disclaiming affiliation w i t h
movements advocating forceful
overthrow of the government.
The order brought protests from4

out the nation. The chief com-
plaint was that the oath constitut-
ed an abridgement of academic
freedom.
S * * *
BY THIS TIME both sides
agreed that there were no Com-
munists on the university staff.
The last known U. of C. Red, phy-
sics instructor Irving David Fox,
was fired in 1949-and he was dis-
covered not through an oath but
through his associations with So-
viet agents.
Nonetheless the battle continu-
ed unabated.
After, months of debate a
"compromise" was r e a c h e d
which-indicating the confused
nature of the controversy-was
stronger than the original oath.
The revised statement declares
that the signer "is not a mem-
ber of the Conimunist party, or
under any oath, or a party to
any agreement, or under any
commitment that is in conflict
with (his) obligations under this
oath."
As a sort of consolation the Re-

California professors involved
in the legal "battle of the oath"
now before the California Court.
Earlier in the semester, the
Council of Arts, Sciences and Pro-
fessions voted to circulate a peti-
tion decrying the California Re-
gents' action in firing non-signers.
The Council is a faculty-student
group. .
ALTHOUGH not taking any
group action, the local chapter of
the American Association of Uni-
versity Professors suggested that
its members might give individual
financial aid, AAUP chairman
Prof. Charles L. Jamison of the
business administration school
said.
The decision against taking
action was "guided by Ethe pre-
ference of our California col-
leagues," Prof. J, P. Wernette of
the business administration
school said.
Prof. Jamison said that "the
Regents made a great mistake in
bringing up the whole question of
the oath."
LITERARY COLLEGE Assistant
Dean called the oath "unneces-
sary because the faculty already
had willingly taken an oath af-
firming their loyalty to the United
States, and unfortunate as a re-
See editorial and book review
page 4.
flection of general hysteria aout
Communism which we would ex-
pect an outstanding University
governing body to resist."
The oath is unrealistic "be-
cause it will not achieve any
useful purpose in ferreting out
Communists," he said.
Dean Robertson added that the
Regents' requirement was un-
constitutional "because it makes a
citizen declare political affiliation.
This is in conflict with our rights.
guaranteed by the secret ballot."
On a nation-wide scale, the
American Psychological Associa-
tion has asked its members not to
accept positions at California, and
voted to refuse assistance to U-C
in filling vacancies "until tenure
conditions improve."
University Prof. Theodore New-
comb is a member of the APA
Board of Directors.

Fail To Open
Yank_ Lines
UN Troops Lose
Important Hill
TOKYO -(AP)- United Nations
troops yesterday clung' grimly to
the road-controlling Wonju sa-
ent in central Korea, but flanking
Reds battled deep into the Sobaek
mountains to within 65 miles of
the old Pusan beachhead.
A series of attacks by 8,000"to
10,000 Korean Reds failed to budge
the U.S. Second Division from its
bullet - shaped perimeter th at
points northward deep into Red
held territory.
A U.S. Eighth Army communi-
que said the enemy this. mrning
was "either out of contact or con-
tained" along the entire Korean
front.
UN troops, the communique said,
were ranging farther north at cer-
tain points than at any time since.
soon after the evacuation of Seoul.
It did not elaborate.
ALLIED TROOPS withdrew last
night from one strategic hill
which they recaptured yesterday
just south of Wonju.
With the Second Division's
American, French and Dutch
fighters holding fast two miles
south of the transport hub of
Wonju, the Reds increased their
movement southward over the
snow-choked mountains on the
Allied east flank.
A spearheading column of 2,000
Communists filtered through the
frigid wilderness to a point four
miles east of Tanyang-the deep-
est penetration of UN lines since
the Red counter-offensive carried
across the 38th Parallel two weeks
ago.
This column .was 15 air miles
south of the parallel and about 65
miles north of Waegwan, pivot of
the old Pusan perimeter which
UN forces held in early days of
the war..
THE REDS were trying 'to ac-
hieve by envelopment what they
hat failed to do in five days of
frontal pressure at Wonju: grab
control of the southeastern Korea
road-rail network.
The Second Division was mak-
ing a gallant stand to keep the
roads open while the main force
of the U.S. Eighth Army with-
drew toward the Pusan beach-
head.
The Second's salient juts about
25 miles into enemy territory. Else-
where in Korea UN lines gene-*
rally follow along the 37th para-
llel.
French Hold
On Indochina
More Secure,
HANOI, Vietnam, Indochina -
(P--The French defensive posi-
tion in strategic North Indochina
has taken a decided turn for the
better in the last three weeks.
Three factors h a v e helped
brighten military prospects in the
long war against Ho Chi Minh's
Communist-commanded Vietminh
rebels:
INDOCHINA'S new High Com-
missioner a n d commander in
Chief, Gen. Jean De Lattre De
Tassigny, made defensive changes
in his first inspection of French

posts.r
Long awaited reinforcements
-fresh-battalions of Foreign Le-
gionnaires, Moroccan and Sene-
galese colonial troops from Af-
rica, new tanks, planes and ar-
tillery have arrived..
Vietminh assaults on the Red
River Delta defense system were
r.a,,iI_-zA tI a n a .a'n n'hr nta -

'AA' WAY OUT:
Appeal from Proposed
Zone Ordinance Possible

University fraternity men fhar-
ful of losing their houses under
the 90-day clause of the proposed
revision of Ann Arbor's zoning
ordinance still have a way to hang
onto their homesteads.
Men in the eight houses left
out of new A-I zone, which has
been designed for fraternity-
sorority use, have been voicing
fears that if they have to close
down because of the war situation,
the ordinance will force them to
give up their dwellings completely.
UNDER THE NEW regulation
these groups could remain in resi-

how successful an appeal would
be.
HERMAN FOLSKE, chairman
of the appeal board, said that he
had no information about the new
zoning set-up. He noted that the
board has handled few cases of
zoning ordinance violation except
for appeal against building re-
strictions.
Even though a fraternity
goes inactive and is allowed to
keep its house in the restricted
zones A and AA, exactly what
will happen to the house is not

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By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON - The Defense
Department listed yesterday 580
additional casualties in the Koreaj
area, including 74 men killed in
action; 172 wounded; 308 miss-
ing in action,; 23 injured, andj
three who died of wounds.
WASHINGTON-President Tru-
man yesterday staved off a pos-
sible strike of American Airlines
pilots by creating an emergency
board to hear their labor dispute.
SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico-Mrs.
Leslie Coffelt, widow of the
Blair House guard killed in a
Puerto Rican Nationalist at-
tempt on the life of President
Truman Nov. 1, received a
medal from Governor Luis Mu-
noz Marin yesterday and a gift
of $4,816.59 collected in pennies
from Puerto Rican school chil-
dren.
WASHINGTON - Michael Di-
Salle reported yesterday that the
activity of his office of Price Sta-
bilization in the metal and chem-
ical fields has begun to have
"some impact" on industry.

the university's eight campuses gents provided for faculty review
and from other educators through- See CALIFORNIA Page 7

PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE:

Reds Use Sound as Terror Weapon

By STAN SWINTON
ON THE WESTERN FRONT,
Korea-U)-Sound is the terror
weapon of the Chinese Red army.
A shepherd's horn whoops hol-
lowly above the moonlit no-man's-
land.
An eerie oriental theme song
echoes out of the black night from
the throat of an unseen enemy.

But UN intellicence officers say
China's Red army is using sound
on a calculated basis.
A CN EFUL examination of the
Reds t : of sound has disclosed
three enemy objectives:
First, they frighten the soldier
in his lonely foxhole in an ef-

Intelligence officers say the
Reds psychological devices no
longer are effective although
they met some initial success.
Now most American soldiers
merely slam a round in the
chamber and go on the alertat
the sound of bugles or shep-
herd's horns. Even the G. I. ten-
dency to expose his position by

to battlefield noises by simulating
a crowing cock with a shepherd's
horn.
The bugle is the most popular
sound weapon., The Chinese,
short on radio communications,
also use the bugle to signal at-
tack, withdrawal and reas-
sembly. A favorite trick during
the middle of an attack is to

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