STHE MICHIGAN DAILY WIRDNESDAY, I.," I Th1 0 " a top lie t e "Fire I COMMUNISTS IN THE university. Dis- crimination in the university. Freedom pech in the university. the controversies about these well-worn ubjects prove anything, it is that university fe cannot be divorced from the surround- ng social order. And yet, despite the bar- age of verbal brickbats flying back and orth about the Welfare State, hardly a vord has been said about the Welfare Uni- tersity. THE WELFARE UNIVERSITY CAREFUL examination of the rules and procedures instituted by the University administration in the past few decades would 'eveal tremendous emphasis on the welfare >f students - an emphasis that might be oharacterized, if it were in a political con- ext, as "socialistic." The government of the University com- nunity furnishes low-cost medical care to .ts citizens. The University has had for nany years an extensive retirement pro- tram for faculty and staff members. The1 University assumes responsibilities for the tiousing of its students, and makes sure bhat they have adequate living arrange- rnents. The University will not recognize newly-formed student groups that have a onstitution excluding people on grounds f race or religion; further steps against racial and religious prejudice will probably be taken this year. And the University at- emipts to make up for economic inequality among its students by providing scholar- ships and loan funds. Policies similar to these, on the national level, are under furious debate during every campaign for public office. Invari- ably, those who are in favor of them in- sist that government has a responsibility to all citizens to provide at least a mini- mum of welfare. Invariably, the opposi- tion maintains that such emphasis on welfare leads to "socialism" or some other bugaboo. Yet in this conservative institution, locat- ed in a Republican state and governed by a. Republican Board of Regents, the basic idea of the Welfare State is gradually but steadily being applied to university life. This has not happened without protest. The administration, for example, has ruled that students shall not have liquor in their residences. This is for their welfare. It is supposed to protect students from their owl indiscretion. The same reason is given for the regulations governing women's hours, use of automobiles, and approval of student- sponsored social events - that students need the protection of rules to prevent them from bringing discredit upon the Univer- sity. Such rules are often bitterly resented by those lo must obey them. It is felt that they infringe on individual choice. If the price of welfare is freedom, the students often claim thatt he University is over- charging. THE LUCID INTERVAL FEFARE,OF COURSE, can be intellec- tual as well as physical. A reasonable argument can be presented for the point of view that some, at least, of the present widespread, banning of movies, publications, and speakers is due to the same kind of de- sre for security to which the Welfare State .appeals. The kind of defense against Com- miunism that is so frequently adopted - bawing the Daily Worker, jailing Com- munist propagandists, and prohibiting Communists to speak - represents simply a misapplication of the basic idea of the Welfare State, which is to protect its citi- zers by government action. Such mea- sures have been adopted in the Univer- sity, .too, in opposition to the principles which ought to guide it. A university is an unexampled opportun- ity for the individuals who attend it. For all the years of their childhood, they obey the authority of their parents. For most of the years of their adult life, they yield to the pressures of the economic system and the social order in which they live. But in the university they are free to exercise their intelligence upon any problem that may present itself. They can criticize with- out fear. They can think about the world without being confused and coerced by its insistent, nagging pressure for immediate action. They can enjoy a lucid interval be- tween periods of subjection. * * * THE PROBLEM THE IDEAL OF THE Welfare University appeals. to us. It is safe. It is comfort- ble. It is free from a certa.n kind of anger the danger of physical hardship. The ideal of the Lucid Interval appeals to us also. It is exciting because it leaves us in constant peril of being in error. It is free from another kind of danger - the danger of obedience to the Word and in- tellectual stagnation. The problem we face in a university is not really so different from the one we face in a nation. It is how to combine these two ideals - of freedom and secur- ity, of reliance on the citizen and pro- tection for the individual - with a mini- muir of sacrifice. We can solve this problem, if we are aware that it exists. We cn nvmhinP the By JIM BROWN aT WAS the immortal Horace Greeley who once said that a newspaper should be "a perfect mirror of everything which the cit- izens ought to know." And with the peoples of the world once again rushing headlong toward the brink of another disastrous cat- aclysm, it is more than ever incumbent upon a newspaper to place all of the vital issues before its readers in a calm and clearly rea- soned manner. Recognizing its peculiar responsibility to the students of this University who are pre- paring to meet the tremendous problems facing the world today, The Michigan Daily will strive during the coming year to report all of the news in a fair and unbiased man- ner - balanced by carefully considered edi- torial comment. EDITORIAL OPINIONS STAFFED by more than 150 students drawn from all segments of the campus, The Daily will attempt to reflect the myriad pat- terns of student "opinion" in its editorial columns. While it cannot, and certainly student, its large and heterogeneous staff would not want to claim to present the personal philosophies and ideologies of every should represent a fair sampling of the ever- moving stream of student thought. Reader impressions and further insights on all matters from any viewpoint will be expressed through the letters to the edi- tor column - which will be open to all readers. In addition, prize-winning political car- toonist Herblock and columnists Thomas L. Stokes and Drew Pearson will provide a further view of the national and interna- tional scene. * ** * Ii! IT SO HAPPENS oAnn A rboreals I. ' OUT OF DOORS it's crowded these fine autumn evenings. Couples have taken to climbing trees to find space. _ But this form of ancestor-worship has its dangers,, as one up-in-the-air couple dis- covered the other evening while out for a stroll in the Arboretum. They were perched on a slender branch 20 feet off the ground, when the lady suddenly found herself dang- ling precariously. Her date offered to climb down and catch her as she jumped. But at the 12- foot level he thought he was all the way down. He landed, unceremoniously, on another couple who happened to be resting under the tree. Net result: three sore backs, a few short, crisp words, and one not-so-stranded coed who got down without a scratch. NEWS REPORTS WHILE particular emphasis on the news pages will be placed on complete cover- age of campus events - both academic and extra-curricular. The Daily will also strive to keep its rea- ders abreast of world events through the services of the Associated Press. The facts will be presented and stressed solely according to their importance. Daily writers will aim at accurate and concise reports of the news. A PERFECT MIRROR ALTHOUGH criticism of student and Uni- versity policies will naturally develop. The Daily will make every effort to present only the truth. Slanderous accusations by any individual will not be printed at any time. While The Daily can harly hope to im- mediately become "a perfect mirror of everything the citizens ought to know," it will strive with this ideal in mind to be of real service to the University com- munity. We hope in addition that all students and faculty members will exercise their right to freedom of expression utilizing the columns of The Daily, and thus help to make it a truly representative publication. et teA4 TO TH E EDITOR The Daily welcomes communications from its readers on matters of general interest, and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words in length, defamatory or libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will be condensed edited or withheld from publication, at the discretion of the editors. THOMAS L. STOKES: Social Change, U.S. Style WASHINGTON-It is a good time now just as we are warming up for our biennial Congressional elections, when there will be the usual amount of screaming and shrieking, exaggeration and false issues, to take stock of our situation and see just how well our system of compromise and checks-and-balances serves us, despite the parti- san cries that one or the other party has wrecked, or will wreck, the nation. a. We have made progress and most of us are satisfied with it. Boti parties have contributed and so have groups with diverse views wliio have clashed publicly, like spitting cats on the back fence -at night. A TEXT IS OAFERED just now in the bill to expand our Social Security system. We are adopting no new principle. This law merely expands the original Social Security Act approved 15 years ago, in 1935, as a "Roosevelt New Deal reform," and with considerable bitter resistance at that time. There is virtually no resistance now. Since then we have come generally to recognize that protection of our people in times of unemployment and in their old age is an obligation of our mechanized and complex society. As a matter of fact, business generally this time was for extension of the Federal system in order to relieve pressure from labor unions for private systems or increased benefits under exist- ing private systems. Many strikes have resulted from this search of workers for security through their unions. From this, let us go to other "Fair Deal" reforms, really only' extension of "New Deal" reforms or application of "New Deal" ideas,, about which there is hue and cry without any attempt at analysis. Despite all the noise, there are only three others which Congress has approvedduring the five years of the Truman Administration. They are the so-called Full Employment Act of 1946, which set up the Council of Economic Advisers for the President to watch and report on the economic health of the nation; the long- range housing bill with its provision for slum clearance and public housing, a principle approved already by Congress in the 1937 Housing Act; and an increase of the minimum wage from 40 to 75 cents an hour under the Wages and Hours Act passed by Congress in 1938 and in effect since that time. That's the story-not an alarming one. It represents nothing revolutionary, but slow change "which has served our economy and our people well. It would be har to find many businessmen or Re publicans, even the most hard-shelled of either, who would want to repeal them. * * * * SENATOR ROBERT A. TAFT voted for all these, in fact personally sponsored the housing bill. Yet, in a political speech, he cries out that President Truman is ruining the country, thus giving a cue ,that will be followed by many others, as throughout our history in political campaigns. There are, of course, other things proposed about which they are complaining, things that haven't happened. They are the subject of great differences of opinion, among Democrats as well as Republicans. Such, for example, as the President's health insurance plan and the Brannan farm plan, to mention two of the most contro- versial. They are the subject of debate now and will be so during the campaign. But the thing to remember, whatever party you belong to or vote for, is that these must, in the end, go through the slowly grinding mill of Congress, with its delays and its compromises, and that both parties will be involved in this process. It is safe to predict now that you will see the mcome out in some form or other, in time-not tomorrow surely, or even next inth, or even next year perhaps, but eventually. For the world has moved to the point where we are going to do such things for our people. If you are against them, it is your duty to raise your voice and vote accordingly; if you are for them, you will, too, and just as loudly. That is our system. But it is a system based on patience and com- promise and it is useless to lose your perspective or your sense of bal- ance in hysteria. (Copyright 1950, by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.) 4 1 Fi h III ON THE Washington Merry-Go-Round WITH DREW PEARSON Welcome from SL, To the Editor: ON BEHALF of the Student Leg- islature, I would like to ex- tend a sincere and hearty welcome to all incoming students. In choosing the University of Michigan, you have picked the best possible school. In coming to college, you have assumed a tremendous respon- sibility. The world is full of prob- lems that need to be solved by new and farsighted leaders, lead- ers who are very apt to come from our college freshman classes. As your first few weeks here pass, you will begin to realize more fully what I mean. The stimulat- ing atmosphere at the University will help you to realize this res- ponsibility and to accept its chal- lenge. In this connection, the part to be played by the Student Legisla- ture in your life at the University can be of immense importance. The Student Legislature'is the all-campus s t u d e n t governing :ody. Its 50 members are elected every semester by you, the stu- dents. The SL deals with many vi- tal problems that affect the cam- pus and your education. Natural- ly, its emphasis is on the student viewpoint. But the student viewpoint is not considered by the Student Legisla- ture apart from the interest of students in the University and world community aswa whole. Nor is the present role of students in relation to current world prob- lems ignored. Rather, the Student Legislature emphasizes the opportunities for students to learn to meet these problems - and similar problems which will arise in the future by dealing with them now in terms of the lives of University students now. The Student Legislature is not simply a training ground in demo- cracy. It is democracy in action. -George Roumell, President Student Legislature 11-_ 1ll. WASHINGTON - In order to keep the United States on the road to prosperity, Leon Keyserling, the President's chief econ- omist, has warned that the public must in- crease its comsumption of commodities by 3 per cent each year. This can be done, he suggested, by improving living standards, But if farm and factory surpluses are not absorbed,,the country will find itself on the road to depression. Keyserling presented his formula for pros- perity behind closed doors of the Joint Con- gressional Committee on the Economic Re- port. "You have to ,have a growing economy to remain stable, because your labor force grows, your population grows, your tech- nology is increasing," he told the Con- gressmen. "We roughly compute an annual increase of about 3 per cent in output to be absorbed by the domestic economy. So, broadly speaking," he continued, "if we are at a $260 billion economy-it was $258 billion in 1949-a 3 per cent increase would be $7.8 billion as the increase in all kinds of effective demand necessary to maintain full employment." Keyserling's theory raised the bushy eye- brows of chairman Joseph C. O'Mahoney of Wyoming, who pointed out: "During the war we were shooting away our production. In the effort to relabilitate Europe and to car- ry on the war, we have now been giving it away. Now, what I am concerned about is how are we to provide the market-the free-enterprise market-that will absorb our productivity without shooting it away or giving it away?" * * * WEIGHTY WORDS SETTLING BACK in the witness chair, Keyserling measured his words carefully. "With development of atomic energy," he said, "it is conceivable at some future time we might have in this country what I call genuine surpluses-in other words, a general situation where we are really producing so much that we have to trans- late more and more of our productive capacity into leisure rather than consump- tion of goods. "Mankind," he added, gravely, "will have a real problem then." However, Keyserling pointed out that the President's Council of Economic Advisers did not foresee this for some time. Rather, he explained: "We felt there is much room in the United States - putting aside foreign countries entirely - for the lifting of stan- dards of living among the people generally" He gave as an example the problem of farm production. "We commonly hear about farm surplus- es," the economist observed. "Yet we reach-, ed the conclusion that to furnish the people in our country with a nutritious and varied diet and to furnish our industrial plants with the fibers and other materials needed for production at full employment, we need an increase in over-all agricultural output over the next four years running at least 1 per cent a year." * * * ' "THE BROKEN RECORD" THROUGHOUT Keyserling's closed-door discussion, he was heckled and harassed by Pennsylvania's Congressman Robert Rich, who is best known as the broken phono- graph record, always shouting:., "Where are we going to get the money?" At one point, Rich decided that Keyser- ling's explanations were too windy. So the Congressman from Pennsylvania puffed up and exploded: "We don't want to listen to, you talk all day... I don't want to spend all day listening to you ramify without the privilege of asking questions." The President's chief economist gulped, and chairman O'Mahoney tried to soothe the storm. But Rich raved on: "I told Sena- tor O'Mahoney I was not going to sit here all day and listen to you talk. I have no ani- mosity, but I am spending my time here, and I think my time is just as valuable as yours is to the committee or to somebody else." "Of course," agreed O'Mahoney sweetly,, "but suppose we let him develop the 50 per cent of his views which you say has been good." Rich was irritated chiefly over the Mar- shall Plan. "Are we giving away $6,000,000,000 worth of stuff in order to keep up our economy?" he demanded. "The Council has never taken that posi- tion, Congressman Rich," retorted Keyser- ling, bristling slightly. "We have always taken the position that we had to find ways within our domestic economy to keep pro- duction and demand in balance." * * * GETTING IT STRAIGHT RICH ALSO SNAPPED at O'Mahoney for using the broad term "we," and demand- ed to know whether he meant the federal government or private industry. 111 rm R rTwl a o oaa in. I am= ADVICE TO FRESHMEN: Introduction to the Literary College COLLEGE is primarily an op- portunity for the individual to develop his own potentialities. At least, most students remem- ber being told that as entering freshmen, and remember the at- titude of disbelief with which they received it. Coming into a University of 21,- 000 students, it is easy to feel that nobody cares what happens to you, and that you cannot pos- sibly find your way around-and this is especially true of those who enter the University's largest and most imposingly named unit, the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. Nevertheless, some students are not simply pushed from one classroom to another and finally and unceremoniously out of col- lege by the back door or the commencement platform. To a certain limited extent, it is pos- sible to manage a college career, instead of allowing it to manage you. The difficulty in getting along in college is that it is a practical art. People generally come to college without much opportunity to practice it. The high school routine is not a difficult one to get along in. The college routine is not especially difficult either, but it is different. For one thing, instead of plan- ning 24 hours ahead to take care of daily classes and nightly home- work, students in college live from week to week-or from exam to exam. Another difference between high school and college is the increased amount of choice. College students take a more active part in choosing their curriculum and in deciding how and when to meet the various academic obligations. Further, everything is made more complex and impersonal in college by the size of the place. A, high school teacher may be a friend, but professors and deans, for a time'.at.least, are likely to remain objects for distant respect (or disrespect). * * * MOST OF THESE differences be- tween high school and college have only temporary effect. After six months or a year, one gets used to the size and machinery, learns to regard techers and administra- tors as people who are here to help, not simply to be admired, and becomes accustomed to registra- tion, lectures, assignments, and, perhaps, exams. But there is one aspect of college life that many students never get used to, and that is the necessity for long-range planning. In high school, almostall thought and study are concentrated on the sub- ject matter that is to be learned. In college, there is still the sub- stance of four or five courses to master, but also the problem of fitting courses in with each other, putting them together so that each semester's program is balanced and coherent, and synthesizing what you learn in order to give each, piece of knowledge a place in the whole of your education. The beginning of each semes- ter is a crucial time. Whether you take a course simply because you need the credit or because it bears some relation to what you al- ready know and want to learn, will determine whether it is va- luable. The end of the semester -s an- other crucial period, because final exams play a large part in de- termining marks. There is no rea- son why learning should be li- mited to what is necessary to earn a high mark; it is almost true that some students are successful while others are Phi Beta Kap- pa's. Toward the end of each semes- ter, the facts ought to form them- selves in your mind in a coherent way. Each course should begin to appear in sensible relation to the °r:._} --.: '. others. As this happens, you will t be learning something worth while, whether you get all A's or not. And it can only happen with a programth a b e o ni e rt that has been chosen in the firstSxtehYa lace so that the work is integrated Sixtieth Year place so that the work is integrated Edited and managed by students 1 and leads easily into the work of the University of Michigan udder ti the next semester. Student Publications. * * * _________ __ EXTRA-CURRICULAR activities Editorial Staff here are unlike those in high Jim Brown........Managing Edit school in being professionalized. Roma Lipsky...... EditorialDrect Athletes, musicians, and actors are Paul Brentlinger...........City Edit Dave Thomas........ ..Feature Edit4 not paid, but they are good enough Janet watts.......Associate Edit to be paid. For that reason, it is Ed Kozrna...n......Photography Edit Bill Connolly...... . ..". Sports Edit, la good idea to pick one activity Bob Sandell.. . .Associate Sports Edit and stick to it; frantic attempts Bill Brenton.... Associate Sports Edit to be a big wheel here lead off the BarbaraSmith......Women's Edit Pa rownson .Associate Women's Edit highway and into the woods-and may contribute to a nasty smash- Business Staff up. Extra-curricular activities too RobertDaniels.... ..Business Man waiter -Shapero .' Assoc. Business o often are unrelated to anything Donna Cady. Advertising Mana else the student will ever do. Most Bob Merserau......Finance Manag Carl Breikreitz.... Circulation. Msnag people should be able to get more than fun from an activity. Of course, it is essential to chooseSupplement Staff something that will be fun, but it Philip Dawson...............Edit is also well to choose something Peter Hotn..'... .....Asote t Pres Holmes.....ports..dt from which to learn-the two go Pat Brownson.......Women's Edit together. Roger Wellington....s Business Anoter tingof vlue hatWaiter Shapero. . .Assoc. Business Another thing of value that contributors: Nancy Bylan, John Pale many get from activities is a circle Mary Letsis, Paul Marx, Rosemary o, of fiend. Sme my fnd teiren, Larry Rothman, Paula Strawbecki of friends. Some may find their cal Samra. social group in the dormitory, but many students probably will make Telephone 2-3241 their friends in an activity. The literary college can be re- Member of The Associated Pres; garded as a number of extra-cur- The Associated Press isexclusivi ricular activities bound together entitled to the use for republicati by academic necessity. College ex- of all news dispatches credited to a tra - curricular activities derive All rights of republication of all Ot emost of their peculiar value from matters herein are also reserved. Entered at the Past Office at A being associated in this way with Arbor, Michigan, as second-class mn each other and with the life of mater. Subscription during regular sch scholarly learning. year: by carrier, $6.00; by mail, $7. i h it Looking Back 60 YEARS AGO 1TE EMICHIGAN DAILY began publication. 20 YEARS AGO While President Herbert Hoover prepared to deliver four major addresses around the country, the depression-stricken University S BARNABY Go brush up on your Greek syntax, m'boy- I' h rmmiln n.. ,ist; . ; t, e thiAnas I've finished the list, Barnaby. If your onnd nfther will write me a check I'll. . I Tuition-$300. Typical living expenses-$1,600. Raccoon coat-$450. Stutz Bearcal-$3,500. 1