TII MiA IiGYDAY

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Utter Con fusion

R EPRESENTATIVI MUNDT and Nixon
Whittaker Chambers and a couple of
State Department officials have come up
with one of the most interesting and queer
mpy stories that has yet hit the news.
The ingredients of the story read like a
who-done-it. First there was the accusa-.
tion by Chambers last summer that Alger
Hiss was a Communist. Then Hiss denied
it and began a suit in the federal court
against Chambers.
At the time of Chambers' accusations, he
did not give much evidence to back up his
statement, certainly not enough to stand up
in court.
And so, when Mundt and Nixon decided
to go back to work and throw the investi-
gation open to the world, they finally got
around to asking Chambers if he had any
more information.
And what do you know-out of a pumpkin
on his farm, Chambers came up with secret
state department documents on microfilm
from 1937-'38 and said that Hiss gave them.
to him,
Why had he waited so long? That was a
good question and one that Chambers didn't
answer.
But Messrs Mundt and Nixon had no
trouble. One of their aids told the press
that Chambers was a Quaker and did not
want to hurt anyone-this about the man
who had raked Alger Hiss all over the
front pages of the nation's press not four
months ago.
Theminute that Sumner Welles, former
undersecretary of State said that the docu-
Editorials published in The Michigan Daily
are written by members of The Daily staff
and represent the views of the writers only.

ments were vitali secret and confidential;
the investigators began hunting suspects
and theorizing. The theory runs like this:
Chambers and His* ;were Communists in
1937-3i.
They gave information to Russia.
Russia at that time had a pact with
Germany,
Germany got the papers and the U.S. code
from the Russians and later gave it to the
Japs.
The Germans and Japs had our code all
through the war.
Somehow the theory breaks down here.
The next step should be that the Fascists
won the war because they had our code.
Another fault of the theory is in the fact
that the non-aggression pact between
Russia and Germany of 1939 was at best
an uneasy peace and was only a means
of putting off the inevitable.
Now the spy hunters were out in earnest.
They were after three or four men who
had been named by Chambers as cohorts in
the Communist group in Washington before
the war.
Mundt and Nixon were not sure how
many men Chambers had named. One said
three, the other four.
In the face of the latest brain wave from
the investigators, Hiss was shoved down to
the bottom of the spy story and the Con-
gressmen took the spotlight.
Another man who lost the top spot on
the front page was Whittaker Chambers,
who admits that he was a Communist and
contributed to the alleged plot back in
the days before the war, but has since
reformed to the extent of getting a senior
editorship on Time magazine.
The whole fascinating story is very con-
fused and a very appropriate commentary
on the state of mind of a. couple of Con-
gressional investigators.
-Al Bismrosen.

NIGHT EDITOR: MARY STEIN


I'D RATHER BE RIGHT:
Positive Gesture

By SAMUEL GRAFTON
HE WAKES up disturbed and unhappy
and after breakfast he calls his broker
and orders him to sell some stocks. He does
not quite know why he does this, except
that a lot of other people are doing it. Also
there was a fly on his grapefruit, and the
last time there was a fly on his grapefruit,
stocks went down. Anyway, he sells.
On his way down to his office, he has
a conversation with someone about new
cars. It seems there are several brands
which can now be bought right off the
floor, without waiting. He assesses this
informnation sourly. Ile wonders if this is
an indication that business is going to
dip.
Maybe if he made a quick sale, he could
still get out at what he had paid, or a
little more.
* * *
He has lunch with a friend, and they dis-
cuss how best to stay afloat, in a time that
is perhaps growing a bit uncertain. His
friend recommends watching for selected
chancse to buy real estate at a little below
- the market; he feels that the shortage of
enclosed space is going to be the longest-
lasting shortage in the country. He himself
disagrees. He feels that real estate prices
already reflect all the facts.
He sits long with his friend, trying to
outgfiess the rest of the world, to figure
out what "they" are going to do, "they"
being all other persons. (But tomorrow
he will sit with another friend, and they

will talk in much the same way, and the
friend of yesterday will already have
merged with the "they," with that world,
dim, ominous and foreboding, whose
course he is so feverishly trying to fore-
tell.)
* * *
At the office someone tells him that a
small factory in the next state has laid off
ten per cent of its hands.
He stands by his desk and tries to fit
this piece of information into all the rest of
his information, to make everything come
into focus, so that he will know what to do.
-Before he leaves, he calls his broker,
and selis a little more. Again, he does
not quite know why he does this; the
stocks are good, and are bringing a suf-
ficient return. And tomorrow, at lunch,
he will tell his friend, and then the lining
of his friend's stomach will register the
news.
But that night, just before he goes to bed,
he writes a letter to his favorite newspaper,
denouncing the proposal to institute na-
tionwide health 'insurance. That kind of
government interference, he says, destroys
the confidence of men like himself, and it is
a well-known fact that we can make prog-
ress only on the basis of rocklike faith and
courage on the part of men of his own
type. What does the government want to
do, scare everybody, he demands. He stamps
the letter with a bang of his fist, in his
most positive gesture of the day.
(Copyright, 1948, New York Post Crporatlon)

Know tedge
FEFORE TilE' RECENT national elections
President Truman appointed a commis-
sion to investigate and report on the status
of higher educational facilities in the United
States. It was only a handful of incurable
optimists who saw the possibility of Tru-
man's reelection, and consequently, the pro-
vocative report turned in by this commission
was disregarded as so much hearsay made
by an outgoing administration.
Surprisingly enough, the favorite didn't
pay off this time, and it might pay us
now to have a look at what these men
thought about our colleges, for there is a
very good chance that the reforms sug-
gested by this report will leap from the
printed page to reality.
One of the salient criticisms directed at
the present educational system concerns our
tradition-laden privately endowed schools.
These colleges and universities were pictured
as remnants of a decadent intellectual aris-
tocracy. Insistnet on restricting their admis-
sions on the basis of race and religion,
private institutions close their eyes to the
principle of equality of opportunity still.
believing in education of the few, rather
than enlightenment of the many.
The report held the opinion that pri-
vately endowed colleges should no longer
play the leading role in American educa-
tion, their part being taken over by former
understudies-the host of public institu-
tions, such as the University of Michigan.
Complete disregard is nowhere contem-
plated, for private institutions will always
be an important factor in our college sys-,
tem, but it i s asserted that publicly
supported unversities will better serve
coming trends in higher education.
The remaining points of the commission's
report stress the following large scale
changes: (1) decentralization of larger uni-
versities and establishment of many more
junior colleges to break down the geograph-
ical farrier to education, (2) creation of a
three billion dollar scholarship program
supplied by federal funds, and (3) complete
elimination of tuition in public institutions
such as Michigan, and cutting in half the
tuition at private colleges.
These are the primary aims of the re-
port that has been submitted to and is
being carefully considered by the presi-
dent. Although entirely tentative as yet,
the greater part of this program is ex-
pected to be enacted at some time in the
future.
The report itself indicates the general di-
rection of our educational system--toward
the greater benefit of thousands of Amer-
icans seeking the advantages of knowledge.
It is well that we be aware of the slowly
evolving change in our concept of higher
education, and realize the instrumental role
that we are playing in the extension of
characteristically democratic principles to
the realm of education.
-Bob Layton'
Needed
L AST WEEK, the American Medical Asso-
ciation and its 140,000 members pre-
pared for an all-out fight against either so-
cialized medicine or any form of compulsory
sickness insurance. And in Washington, a
handful of visionary Congressmen, are
planning just such legislation.
But before both sides begin open war-
fare and point to the British version of
socialized medicine as "good" and "bad,"
we must define the two main demands
which any system of medicine must ful-
fill.
1. Patients must be taken care of quickly
and efficiently without regard to either
purse, party or parentage. That means more

hospitals, doctors and nurses in rural areas
and particularly in the South. It also means
the very latest and best scientific care
regardless of cost without benefit of sob-
sister, fund raising campaigns. Mothers
must get better care in childbirth and both
parents must be relieved of the heavy finan-
cial burden of bringing the next genera-
tion into the world.
2. Doctors visualize virtual enslave-
ment working under such a program. Un-
der a government set-up, they see them-
selves working for meagre wages--like
teachers and Washington underlings-and
being forced to practice where they are
bidden. After half-a-dozen to a dozen
years of intensive study, that is hardly an
appealing future.
A national program which would solve
both these problems would also nullify many
ignorant and backward rulings that indivi-
dual states have used to handcuff the medi-
cal man. Best example is the censorship of
birth control information and widespread
refusal to dis-cuss personal hygiene and evo-
lution in public schools.
If a system of medical benefits can be dis-
covered which will meet these two main de-
mands on a Federal level and still not slic
a chunk out of the average worker's pay-
check, call it socialized medicine, health in-
surance or anything-It's what we need.
-Craig H. Wilson.
ORANGE, Rose, Tangerine, Salad, Sugar
and Shrine . . . So goes the list of
"bowl" games that mark college football's
after-season ... Raisin, Vulcan. Delta, Dixie

"Were Going To Pt So e Musecle On You, Boy"
f l
J _____
--
[DAILY FICIAL BULLETIN

The Daily accords its readers the
privilege of submitting letters for
publication in this column. Subiect
to, space limitations, the general pol-
icy is to publish in the order In which
they are received all letters bearing
the writer's signature and address.
Letters ~xceeding 300 words, repeti-
tios letters and letters of a defama-
tory character or such letters which
for any other reason are not in good
taste will not be published. The
editors reserve the privilege of con-
densing letters.
* * *
Stanf mer Studgy
To the Editor:

Letters to the Editor ...

(Continued from Page 3)
Dec. 10, Rm. B, Haven Hall. Cof-
fee hour following lecture.
Public lectae: 8 p.m. Fri. Dec.
10, Rackham L iur Hall (not
Kellogg Auditorium as pevxiously
announced). Mr. Canham will
speak on the subject, "Can We
Achieve Peace?"
Academic Notices
Doctoral Examination for Kam-
la Chowdhry, Psychology; thesis:
"Leaders and 'Tlieir Ability to
Evaluate Group Opinion." 9 a.m.,
Thurs., Dec. 9, East Council
Room, Rackham Bld. Chirman,
T. M. Newcomb.
Doctoral Examination for Wal-
lace Ervin Anderson, Physics; the-
sis: "The Infrared Absorption
Spectrum of Diborane," 2 p.m.,
Fri., Dec. 10. East Council Room,
Rackham Bldg. Chairman, E. F.
Barker.
Applied Mathematics Seminar:
4 p.n1, Tlirs., Dec. 9. 247 W. En-
gineering B ldg .prof. N. Coburn
will speakon0" u.h subject ,4A.
Graphical Method for Solving
Problems in Plane Pasticity.
Astronomical Seminar: 10 a.m.,
Sat., Dac. 11, McMath-Hulbert
Observatory, Pontiac, Michigan.
Interested members of the facul-
ty are invited to attend,
Subject: "Techniques in Solar
Research" as presented by the
staff of the MMath-iulbert
Observatory.
Concerts
Student Recital: lielen King
Joseph, School of Music student
majoring in stringed ipstruments,
will present a program at 4:15
p.m., Thurs., Dec. 9, Hussey Room,
Michigan League. Mrs. Joseph has
been studying with Professor Gil-
bert Ross. The program, con-
sisting of compositions by Vivaldi,
Mozart, Dohnanyi and deFalla,
will be open to the public.
Events Today
A.S.M.E. field trip to the Kaiser
Frazer Willow Run Plant. Buses
will leave at 1 p.m. from in front
of E. Engineering Bldg.
Animated sound movie, KID-
NEY FUNCTION IN HEALTH
and KIDNEY FUNCTION IN DIS-
EASE, by Doctors Corcoran, Hines
and Page of Cleveland (from the
Lilly Laboratories for Clinical Re-
search) : 7 p.m. 231 Angel Hall;
auspices of Medical Staff Jour-
nal Club. This showing is designed
primarily for the Junior and Sen-
ior Medical classes. Pre-medical
and Physiology students and all
others .interested are invited.
Political Science Round Table:
8 p.m., East Conference Room,
Rackham Building. Graduate stu-
dents and their wives are invited.
American Chemical Society
Lecture: 8 p.m., 1300 Chemistry
Bldg. Prof. Donald Katz will speak
on "The Physical Chemistry of
Petroleum Reservoirs."
Lecture, auspices of the Tnter-
Racial Association. ilarry Hay-
wood, son of an American Negro
slave, will speak on his new book,
"Negro Liberation," 4:30 p.m.,
Michigan Union.

Eta Kappa Nu invites all .inac-
tive members to attend the in-
formal initiation of pledges at 7
p.m., Basement, E. Engineering
Bldg.
Student-Faculty H o u r : 4-5
p.m., Grand Rapids Room, Michi-
gan League. Speech department
will be guests. So-sponsored by As-
sembly and Pan-hel Association.
International Center weekly tea
for all foreign students and Amer-
ican friends, 4:30-6 pm., Interna-
tional Center. Hostesses: Mrs.
Edward W. Blakeman and Mrs.
Christine C. Chambers.
Summer Study Abroad pro-
gram: First meeting, Cave room,
Michigan League. All interested
students urged to attend.
Civil Rights Congress: Meet-
ing, 8 p.m., Michigan Union. Dis-
cussion of future activities for the
organization. Everyone is invited.
Last tryout for the Annwal
French Play: 3-5:15 p.m.. 408 Ro-
nmance Languages Bldg. Any stu-
dent with some knowledge of the
French language may tr,vout
Christmas Coffee Hour, spon-
sored by the Education Depart-
ment. 4 to 5:30 p.m. Elementary
School Library. All students and
faculty invited.
La p'tite causette: 3:30 p.m.,
Grill Room, Michigan League.
Polonia Club: 7:30 p.m., Rm.
3MN, Michigan Union, Prof. Lo-
banov-Rostovsky will speak on
"Poland: Rise and Decline." Ev-
eryone invited.
U. of M. Rifle Club: Firing, 7-
9:30 p.m., ROTC range.
Lane Hall: 7:30 p.m., Student
Peace Fellowship of SRA and Ann
Arbor Friends. Meeting presents
Dr. Lewis Hoskins, who has spent
five months working in commu-
nist-held territory in China, and
who will speak on "Reconstruc-
tion Work on Two Fronts in
China.
Young Democrats: Meeting
7:30 p.m., Michigan League. Mrs.
Margaret Price, vice-chairman
of the Democratic County Com-
mittee and former candidate for
Auditor-General, will speak.
United World Federalists Round-
table on World Government
scheduled for Thursday evening
has been canceled.
U. of M. Dames Sewing Group:
Meet at the home of Mrs. Steven
Spear, 1941 Geddes, 8 p.m.
Mrs. Anna Brown, Home Dem-
onstration Agent of Washtenaw
County, will speak. For trans-
portation, call Mrs. Steven Spear,
Phone 6408.
Coming Events
Geological - Mineralogical Jur-
nal Club: 12 noon, Fri., Dec. 10,
3056 Natural Science Bldg. Mr.
John Chronic, of Harvard Univer-
sity, will speak on the subject, "A
Geologist in Peru" (illustrated
with Kodachromes slides). All in-
terested persons are invited.
Fencing. Scimitar Club: 10:30
p.m., Fri., Dec. 10, Michigan
League. Discussion of plans for

IN REFERENCE to the Univer-
sity Foreign Summer Study
Proram, I would like to present
.ome additional in form ati on
which could not be included in the
account in Tuesday's Daily.
The object of the plan is to pro-
vide for individual field study
projects in foreign countries. The
plan has been accepted into the
curriculum of the Literary College
Summer Session, and up to eight
hours credit may be earned. The
mechanics of the plan are as fol-
lows:
A faculty administrative com-
mittee is now setting up criteria
as to qualifications for the selec-
tion of students to participate..
Qualified students may apply for
the course upon recommendations
by their department of concen-
tration, and selection of students
to participate will be made by the
faculty administrative committee,
During the Spring Semester, the
individual projets will be care-
fully planned by. the student, the
faculty advisor in the department
of concentration, and the faculty
supervisor who will accompany
the group of students. Once ar-
rived abroa 1, eac student will
work on his own pro ject under
the supervision of the faculty
member with the group. The pur-
pose of the student during this
phase should be the collection of
material for a paper to be written
later. The field study is to be done
on the spot where the subject of
his study is being worked out in
practice. At the completion of the
foreign phase of the program,
each student must submit a paper
reporting on his study. Upon the
basis of this report credit up to
eight hours wi be granted.
I urge all interested students,
espe'ially those who have studied
abroad, to attend a meeting
Tituusday at 7:30 at the League.
Financial aid to deserving stu-
dents may be possible, so if you
feel financially incaable of such
a project, don'tlet; that deter you
from attending.
-Don Queller.
Genuine Lady
To the Editor:
r HE BEARD-TWEAKING, se-
ductive woman in Saturday's
cartoon is a false and disgusting
portrayal of one who is a genuine
lady and is fighting for the life
of the Nationalist forces in China.
Far more is at stake in Mme.
Chiang's visit than the glee of
some toothy soldier (as shown in
the cartoon), or the protection of
our steel money-cage. She is ask-
ing for the help that the Chinese
have reason to expect from us.
To have portrayed her in any way
let me suggest that editors find
a cartoon worthy a two-column
spread or run the "News of the
Week" column to the top of the
page.
-Donna Heacock.
marked the first day of a three
Firm Convictions
To the Editor:
ACCORDING to SRA program
director Dewitt Baldwin, the
religious state of the campus is
on a decline and students "instead
of attending the church in which
they may have grown up, many
often experiment and look around
in other churches." This is in-
deed amusing when one considers
the fact that there were over 1800
students at Mass last Sunday at
St. Mary's Chapel. There were
also over 400 at afternoon and
over 600 at evening services which
the Michigan Inter - Collegiate
Fencing Championships to be held
here on March 19.
Art Cinema League presents
John Steinbeck's "Of Mice and

Men," 7 and 9 p.m., Friday and
Saturday, Architecture Audito-
iun. Tickets on sale in Univer-
sity Hall. Proceeds to Inter-Ra-
cial Association.
Wallace Progressives: Execu-
tive meeting, Fri., 4:30 p.m., third
floor, Michigan Union. All mem-
bers of board, please attend.

day Retreat. This demonstration
certainly excIdes any experimen-
tation on the part of these stu-
dents. For those with firm eon-
vi(tions there is no necessity to
shop around to attain religious
satisfaction,
-W. Niemann.
Chan ged 1id
To the Editor:
HE AUTHOR in the course of
his analysis of the Canterbury
Dean's travels in Russia and of
his speech tour in the United
States, arrives at the conclusion
that "those who go to Russia see
there only what they 'know' they
will find" and "that very little
can be accomplished by these in-
side. reports."
It is a general conception of
modern psychology that we can
only learn, or internallize, wvhat
fits in our frame of reference;
this is generally true, however;
one thing is to read a political
pamphlet and another, and very
different one, is personal experi-
ence and direct observation. It is
a commonplace to say that we
only learn by experience, but it is
often true.
I want to bring at this point
my personal experience: I came to
the United States from a South
American country. I landed in
Miami. I had been subject to the
anti-American propaganda, issued
sometimes by the right, sometimes
by the left, based often enough on
racial discrimination here and
the condition' of American Negro
population.
This haddprovoked in my case,
a certain degree of anxiety and
I was eager to find out . . . I
found . . . what we all know;
that discrimination and racial
issues color the entire life of the
South, that colored people are
forced to sit in the back of the
buses (I took the Greyhound from
Miami and I stopped in almost
every town), that they have no
access to white's restaurants, that
they are segregated in both trans-
portation, school and dwelling,
that they form the lower strata of
the southern society as I could
ascertain from the location and
general unkept appearance of
Negro areas.
Did 'I conclude that America
was cast-like? No, no, no. I then
rushed North, I came to Ann
Arbor, some way or other I landed
in Coops. I must admit, I was
a bit.surprised to see whites and
Negroes eating, sleeping, living,
and working under a common
roof. Did I conclude that in the
United States discrimination is a
ghost of the past, a mere mis-
conception? No. I learned that
amidst racial discrimination
America was the land of freedom
I had only dreamed of. And all
this took me less than three
weeks.
-Rafael Marti...

Fifty-Ninth Year


MATTER OF FACT:
The New Face

By JOSEPH and STEWART ALSOP
WASHINGTON-Although the direction
of American policy remains in doubt, it
is now clear at any rate what individuals
are going to make American policy. Most
of the faces are entirely familiar.
The highly suspect campaign against
Defense Secretary James V. Forrestal,
Secretary of State George C. Marshall
and Under Secretary Robert Lovett has
failed utterly. Forrestal will remain in
office as long as he is willing to serve.
So will Lovett, at least as long as Mar-
shall's health permits him to continue.
For Truman now clearly intends to play
a decisive role in the making of policy.
Therefore it is worth examining the way
in which Truman gets the advice and infor-
mation on which any President must base
his decisions.
One automatic channel of information to
the President is the daily top secret intelli-
gence digest, about two pages in length,
which the President receives from the Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency, and which he reads
religiously. More important, however, are
the daily briefings which the President re-
-eives at 9:30 every morning from the Sec-
retary of the National Security Council.
This key job is held by Sidney Souers, an
able, little-known Missouri businessman,
who enjoys the complete confidence of the
President and the chief policy makers.

pers are always initiated by the State De-
partment, according to a ruling approved
by the President and designed to prevent
undue military influence.
The President can, of course, approve,
amend or reverse any Council decision on
his own authority. Until recently, he almost
always accepted every Security Council de-
cision without change. Yet it is significant
that within recent weeks he amended one
Security Council decision concerning the
Berlin air lift, and reversed another crucial
Council decision to withdraw the Navy from
the Communist-threatened Chinese port of
Tsingtao. Truman ordered the Tsingtao gar-
rison reinforced.
The President does not, of course, make
decisions entirely on the basis of Security
Council papers. On specific issues, he con-
fers regularly with Marshall, Lovett, For-
restal and other policy makers. He will
often discus's a Security Council decision
with the White House entourage, and
such men as E.C.A.'s Paul Roffman and
Roger Lapham have recently influenced
him, especially on China policy.
Finally, there is the inevitable influence
of the advice he receives on domestic and
political matters. The business-as-usual pol-
icy embodied in the $15 billion defense ceil-
ing, for example, was primarily the bran-
child of Treasury Secretary John Synder.
In short the Tsingtao decision and other
incidents indicate that the President is now

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BARNABV,

My Fairy Godfather! He disappeared!
1 --r=r . = = -~

Mt m! Wait, Barnaby, tillt
get the drawings we

When is the Swami supposed to show up?
- All thi s Ghos