THE MICHIGAN DAILY TUESDAY, NOVEMIBER Q3, 1344 -__.. iterIto te (Editor's Note is written by Managing Editor Harriett Friedman.) SOME IMPORTANT FACTS about the Amherst fraternity case, which have not been noted at least in this newspaper, heighten what is already a strong feeling of distaste for the national organization of the fraternity involved. The bare facts in the case are that the Phi Kappa Psi chapter at Amherst recently initiated a Negro, Thomas Gibbs, and con- sequently had its charter revoked by the tiational organization of the fraternity. If you examine the constitution of Phi Kappa Psi, you'll find that the only criteria for membership are "character and ability." So the fraternity constitution has no discriminatory qualifications. But despite this, the national officers, when they were advised'of the possible new member, or- dered Gibbs' depledging-and also spon- sored a constitutional amendment provid- ing that membership in any chapter may be vetoed by the majority vote of any other chapter. It is a strange violence of feeling that could have compelled the officers to propose such an amendment, which in effect takes away a chapter's right to choose its mem- bers. VERY EVIDENTLY the Amherst situation is not simply a case of a fraternity chapter failing to meet national require- ments, as we were at first led to believe. The Amherst chapter was so evidently acting by rights in choosing according to "character and ability," that the national officers were driven to proposing an amendmet to obtain legal power to squash the chapter. Furthermore, reaction to the events at Amherst hardly supported the national offi- cers. Certainly there were many chapters, like the one at Michigan, which .openly or tacitly condemned, Amherst in pledging a Negro. But even the Mississippi chapter main- tained that membership is the individual chapter's concern as long as the group acts in the best interests of the fraternity. In addition, Amherst's Phi Kappa Psi has received support from every other fraternity on the campus, as well as most of the stu- dent body. As for the Amherst administration's stand: it deserves special note, and will be consid- ered in another column tomorrow. PERHAPS the Amherst men should speak for themselves. In a letter to the na- tional officers, they wrote: "We feel that the E.C. has contravened the established criteria for membership in the fraternity by introducing qualifications outside the realms of character and ability. This seems quite contrary to the ideals of the fraternity, especially in the light of such pronouncements on the subject as ex- President Tate's remarks at the installation of Oregon Beta last spring. 'Phi Kappa Psi seeks to assist men to lift their eyes to wider horizons, to become tolerant, to ques- tion all things in the light of reason; and finally to develop the moral courage to follow those paths that have been illumi- nated unto them and without regard to external consequences.' "We particularly feel that the national officers have all along treated this situa- tion as a problem to be disposed of, with- out really having faced squarely the prin- ciple involved: whether race is to be a criterion for membership in Phi Kappa Psi..." "The problem is of such magnitude and nationwide concern that once undertaken, it cannot be lightly thrust aside, but as a matter of basic conviction and principle must be pursued to a definite conclusion." The Amherst chapter made their decision by initiating Tom Gibbs, and subsequently leaving Phi Kappa Psi. Unfortunately, the Michigan chapter, as well as others throughout the nation, has not yet discovered that the final con- clusion is yet to be reached-and that it cannot be reached until there is a realiza- tion that "a matter of basic conviction" Greek Dilemma THE RECENT cabinet fracas in Greece revived the question of how long it will take to subdue the guerilla army enough to withdraw American military support. This is a crucial problem; a whole series of unnecessary steps awaits its solution. Until the mountain fighting is greatly re- duced, only a few metropolitan areas would be able to participate in a popular elec- tion. Until there is a popular election, the government must be drawn from the pres- ent Parliament, which consists largely of holdovers from the early '30's and doesn't provide anything like the vigorous and public-spirited leadership the country needs. Until adequate leadership is discovered, the people will have little confidence in their government, badly-needed reforms cannot be accomplished, and effective use of Greece's resources will be difficult or im- possible. And here we return to the American position in Greece, which is an attempt to restore popular confidence, accomplish some reform and supplement the Greek economy in order in the end to establish firmly a truly democratic government that can participate in European recov- ery on an equal footing with the West- ern countries. Paradoxically, the U.S. has found it nec- essary to subsidize military operations in Greece in its effort to end the civil war there. The importance of this move is clear. But it's equally important to know how long Greece will be forced to spend so much foreign exchange for war goods. (Last year, Greece spent about a third of its total import budget for military supplies-more than it earned from all exports combined). The solution of the cabinet crisis appar- ently did little to answer this question. The Liberal Party spokes over the Ministry of War in the new cabinet, a post previously held by the more conservative Populists. Internal shifts within the government at Athens won't be the most important factor in determining how long the fighting in the northern provinces will continue. The attitude of Russia is basic. The guerrilla army is led by Communists; it depends on supplies from the north and a haven beyond the northern borders for its continued survival. Another factor is hinted at in the New York Times Magazine this week; A. C. Sedg- wick's article describes a woman of ,the mountains, living in utter poverty, waiting for the war to end. There must be many like her, people whose life was always frugal and now,'because of the war, is miserable. There's been a lot of speculation about' the composition of the guerrilla army. It's a safe guess that it includes some of these poor people of the north, who have no stake in the present government and find it better to get their food by raiding than be killed by raiders. Banditry in Greece has a history that ex- tends back to classical times and earlier. The difference is that now it is organized and directed by Communist leaders, even though some of the rank-and-file may have no particular political views, but only a de- sire to eat once in a while without caring what they have to do to satisfy their wants. Against bands of such men, who know the mountaihs even better than they know the feeling of their finger on a trigger, an army would find the going tough. In the face of a dilemma like this, per- haps the only thing for us to do is wait, like the Greek woman Mr. Sedgwick de- scribes, and hope that in the end American aid will help people like her. -Phil Dawson. "It's A Hell Of A Way To Run A Railroad" 1 Y Y--1 -;coT SSIONAL WI /AK>N ' a DAIL OFIIll BLEI " ;Q Letters to the Edfto('... H i "' ".. (Continued from Page 2) I'D RATHER BE RIGHT: Bite the Bullet By SAMUEL GRAFTON COME JANUARY, a number of Southern Representatives and Senators are going to take off their Dixiecratic expressions, put on their Democratic expressions, and go waltzing back to Congress. There will be some embarrassment, some sniggering, but these men will expect the party they tried to defeat to assign them their customarily lofty committee places, in- cluding chairmanships. The way things look now, the Demo- cratic party will do just this, because of its fear that otherwise the 36 assorted Dixiecrat Representatives and Senators will not vote with it for the organization of Congress, and that control might there- upon even pass to the Republicans. It seems to me we ought to examine this fear, candidly, jdispaissoinately speculatively. What would happen if we bit the bullet? What would really happen if the liberal wing of the Democratic party were to inform the Dixiecrats that they had been assigned committtee seniority ratings of zero? First off, an enormously difficult choice would be presented to the Republican party. It would have to decide whether it really wanted to take over nominal control of Congress, without a majority, right after having been thumpingly de- feated, especially on the Congressional level, in a national election. One won- a' ders if the Republican party would dare to come in by the back door, after having been kicked out of the front one. Could it ever hope to win a national election again, if it flouted the will of the people in this way, by taking advantage of a technical situation? And so it seems to me that by denying committee seniority to the Dixiecrats, the Democrats would force a number of very bad choices on the other side. All the embarrass- ment and hesitancy the liberal Democrats now feel would be transferred to the opposi- tion. The effect on legislation would be about nil,r because the vote lineup, on the issues would remain the same as it is now. But there is something else. It would be a tremendous liberal victory, right from the start, if the Democrats were to deny committee seniority to the Dixiecrats. Some of our most reactionary legislators would lose their high committee places, and they would lose them for good, re- gardless of who then organized Congress. A victory is a victory, and this would be a permanent one, and one for which the mass of liberal American voters would be very happy to reward the liberal Demo- crats the next time they and their friends stood for office. It seems to me the liberal Democrats should bite the bullet. (Copyright, 1948, New York Post Corporation) fessional and technical assistant examination open to seniors who will be graduated by June 30. Op- portunities are open in bacteriol- ogy, chemistry, geology, educa- tion, library science, psychology, social service, journalism, ac- counting, administration, eco- nomics, statistics, aind law for New York state residents. The resident requirement is waived for interested engineers. Applications must be filed by Dec. 11. The U. S. Civil Service Commis- sion announces the examination for Junior Agricultural Assistant, including options of botanist, en- tomologist, forester, and zoologist (Parasitology). The Junior Pro- fessional Assistant examination will also be given and includes the following options: astronomer, bacteriologist, chemist, economist, food and drug inspector, geograph- er, legal assistant, psychologist, social science analyst, statistician, technical editor (physical science), textile technologist, trade-mark ex- aminer, budget assistant, general administrative assistant, and per- sonnel assistant. Applications will be accepted until. December 21. Further information may be ob- tained at 201 Mason Hall. University Community Center Willow Village Tues., Nov. 23, 8 p.m., Wives Club. "FASHIONS FOR THE HOLIDAYS." Wed., Nov. 24, 8 p.m., Union Thanksgiving Service. Lecture Economic Lecture: Dr. David McCord Wright, professor of eco- nomics and lecturer in law at the University of Virginia, will speak on "Freedom and the Administra- tive State," Tues., Nov. 23, 4:15 p.m., Rackham Amphitheatre; auspices of the Department of Economics. The public is invited. Academic Notices Doctoral Examination for Beth Elaine Cook, Chemistry; thesis: "Molar Refraction and Alternat- ing Polarity in Alkyl Chains," Tues., Nov. 23, E. Council Rm., Rackham Bldg., 3 p.m. Chairman, Kasimir Fajans. Geometry Seminar: 3 p.m., Wed., Nov. 24, Rm. 3010 Angell Hall. Mr. G. L. Spencer will dis- cuss Projective Measurement. Mathematics Colloquium: 4 p.m., Tues., Nov. 23, Rm. 3201 Angell Hall. Dr. R. G. Stanton will speak on The Mathieu Groups. Concerts University Symphony Orchestra, Wayne Dunlap, Conductor, will be heard in a program at 8:30 p.m., Tues., Nov. 23, Hill Auditorium. It will include Haydn's Symphony No. 104 in D Major, Bartok's Con- certo for Orchestra, and Sym- phony No. 1 in E Minor, Op. 39 by Sibelius. The general public is in- vited. Exhibitions Museum of Art, Alumni Memo- .rial Hall:'Contemporary Paintings from the Albright Art Gallery; through Nov. 24. Daily 9 a.m.-5 p.m.; Sundays, 2-5 p.m. The pub- lic is invited. Elements of Design from the Museum of Modern Art, New York; through Dec. 3, Lobby, Architec- tural Bldg. Events Today Freshman-Sophomore Forestry, Conference: 7:30 p.m., Rm. 2039 N. S. Several seniors and graduate students who held jobs last summer will talk on what you can expect and what is ex- pected of you in summer employ- ment in private industry and pub- lic forestry. Freshmen are expected to at- tend and Sophomores are wel- come. The Geological - Mineralogical Journal Club: 4 p.m., Rm. 2054, N.S. Bldg. Prof. Hans Cloos of the University of Bonn, Germany, will speak on "Granitization and the Structural Behavior of Igneous Rocks." All interested persons are invited. American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers: Meeting, 7:30 p.m., Rm. 4040 E. Engineering Bldg. D. N. Frey will speak on "Relaxation Properties of Materials." Graduate Student Council: Meeting of the new Council, 7:30 p.m., E. Lecture Room, Rackham Bldg. Election of officers and dis- cussion of future plans Delta Sigma Pi, Professional Business Fraternity: Business meeting, 8 p.m., Chapter House. Pledges meet at 7:30 p.m. Zeta Phi Eta, Speech Arts: Pledging service, 5 p.m., League Chapel. Pi Tau Sigma: Business meeting, 7:30 p.m., Rm. 229 W. Engineering Bldg. Bring dues. Phi Lambda Upsilon: Business meeting, for the election of new members, 7:30 p.m., Rackham Bldg., E. Conference Room. Ata8 p.m. Professors Shull, Len- ox, and Brockway will speak on "What is Life?" IFC House Presidents Meeting: 7:30 p.m., Rm. 3-C Michigan Un- ion. Club Europa: Guest's meeting, 8:15 p.m., International Center. Mr. and Mrs. Arvid Andresen will show some color slides and report on their trip to the Netherlands and Scandinavia. Gilbert and Sullivan Society: Full rehearsal for all chorus mem- bers and principals, 7:15 p.m., Michigan League. Room will be posted. Winter Carnival: U. of M. ski club members and other outdoor sport enthusiasts are invited to at- tend a meeting of the skiing and tobogganing committee for the Winter Carnival, 7 p.m., Rm. 3K Michigan Union. Events for the Winter Carnival will be planned. The Daily accords Us readers (Rte privilege of submitting letters for publication in this column. Sub ect to space limitations, the general pol- icy Is to publish In the order in w tich they are received all letters be ing the writer's signature and address. Letters exceeding 300 words, rcipeti- tious letters and letters of a def1ma- tory character or such letters 'which for any other reason are not in good taste will not be published. The editors reserve the privilege of con- densing letters. Your Election To the Editor: IS THIS YOUR election or is it a campaign of bosses and polit- ical deals designed to sweep into office the chosen few? Now is the time to decide in your own minds whether you want a Legislature made up of naen and women who run only for the chance to represent their social cliques and factions and to further their own personal gain or wheth- er we should have legislators who are sincerely interested in work- ing for all of us and for Mich- igan. Never before has so muh "un- dercover" campaigning taken place. Fraternities and sororities are exchanging votes like so many shares of stock on the market with utter disregard for either the candidates' qualifications or con- crete proof of interest and a pledge to get busy and produce once elected. The independents are running a slate with the idea of grabbing as many seats as they can away from the Greeks. Again they are not considering the con- sequences of their folly in at- tempting to pack what should be the strongest organizaticdn on campus with politically ambitious people who will remain mere names to the greater share of the voters. We the undersigned urge all Michigan men and women to go to the polls and vote only for the candidates who they feel sure will put the Legislature back on its feet. Forget affiliation or the way you are told to vote. Investi- gate the people upon whom you are conferring this honor and privilege and cast out the dealers and fly by nighters who would and are insulting the purpose for which we fought to bring student repre, sentative government back to Michigan. -Bob Holland. Bill Roberts, Al Maslin. * * * Greensward Vandals To the Editor: NOW IS THE TIME for all good men to come to the aid of. the Alumni Memorial Hall Lawn! Polonia Club: Meeting, ':30 p.m., International Center. Christ- mas carol practice. Scholarship and Christmas party plans will be discussed. Students of Polish de- scent invited. Quarterback Society: Meeting, 7:30 p.m., Rm. 3B Michigan Un- ion. Student panel on shipyard operation. I.R.A.: Meeting, 7:30 p.m., Michi- gan Union. Topic of last meeting: "Techniques of Action in Inter- group Relations." I.Z.F.A. Study Groups, both Tues. and Wed. sections. Subject, "Life in Israel," 7:45 p.m., Rm. 3R, Michigan Union. United World Federalists Round- table: 7:30 p.m., Michigan Union. Subject: "International Justice In A World Federation." Panel guest: Dr. Lawrence Preuss, Prof. of Int. Law. Proponents and opponents of world government invited. Student Religious Association: Square Dance Group, 7:30 p.m., Lane Hall. Understanding World Faiths Seminar: 7:30 p.m., Lane Hall. 4 Christian Science Organization: Meeting, 7:30 p.m., Upper Room, Lane Hall. Coming Events Sigma Gamma Epsilon member- ship- group picture will be taken at 12:30 p.m., Wed., Nov. 24, in front of the main entrance to the Rackham Building. Please be prompt. Thanksgiving Breakfast, 9 a.m., Thurs., Nov. 25, Lane Hall. Pro- gram of songs and reading of Thanksgiving Proclamation. For reservations, telephone Lane Hall before Tuesday noon. Square Dancing Class, sponsored by Graduate Outing Club: 8 p.m.; Wed., Nov. 24, W.A.B. Everyone welcome. Next class, Dec. 8. The atrocious v;indalism that is being perpetrattd against this vir- gin green is without precedent, and besides,. it is raising hell with the lawn. Pa., a result of' uch wan- ton spoliation of the greensward, and for the protection of these grievously downtrodden grasses, I reluctan ty wish to object to the football playing thereon. Yours for a inore beautiful Michigan cam- pus- -Gordon Boozer. * * * Marriage Series To the Editor: AS TO the Marriage Lectures, I was attempting in the inter- ,view to stretch this Series to a Curriculum in the Arts College. You see, motivation and ideals are of the essence. It is in hu- man relations that men and wom- en, first as children then youth and finally as mature persons get themselves educated. You have a chance in these discussions to bring your University 'close to the realities of Atomic Age. The Marriage question is on profbund issues. We are in War, a Cold War, have our Metitally ill bulging hospital walls, see Juvenile delinquency grow, experience in Washtenaw Coun