ThF 1 7ril. i it:;N ifv_

I
~%~nt~v, MARf~ 2~. 1948

. ............ . ....................... ........ .................... ...


i

I'D RATHER BE RIGHT:
Leaping Too Soon

By SAMUEL GRAFTON
HERE WAS MISSING in President Tru-
man's speech any suggestion as to what
would satisfy him, what would satisfy us,
what measures on the part of Russia would
end the crisis. The President in effect, pre-
sented a plan for what he hoped would meet
the crisis, but no plan for solving it. He gave
us no alternatives. He did not even issue a
request for a conference with Russia. So
far as he is concerned there seems to be
one road, with no forks in it, just the
straight, simple and dangerous path of
military and financial moves. We are left
with the impression that the only develop-
ment which could ease the situation would
be for Russia to dry up and blow away.
Is there any possible course of action by
Russia that could end the crisis? If there is,
the President should have stated it, outlined
it, recommended it, proposed a conference
to discuss it. The point is of bitter import-
ance. For if no possible course of action by
Russia can be acceptable, there can be no
peace.
For it was a bad speech to leave hope out
of. It was a speech recommending peace-
time conscription. That, of itself, is no nov-
elty in this world-but a plea for peace-
time conscription directed specifically
against another nation, as this one was, is
unusual; it is very nearly a plea for mobili-
zation, or for a preliminary to mobilization.
It is desperately dangerous to make a
Editorials published in The Michigan Daily
are written by members of The Daily stafff
and represent the views of the writers only.
NIGHT EDITOR: BEN ZWERLING

plea for something on the order of mobili-
zation, and to leave hope out. Nor can the
President meet this criticism by pointing
out that he carefully inserted some opti-
mistic generalities near the close of his talk,
and that he mentioned peace a number of
times. The question is whether there really
exists any alternative in the President'sq
mind to the threatened or actual use of
force.
There is small indication in his speech
that there does. His fears are, obviously,
as real as his breakfasts; how real is his
hope for an alternate way out? His speech
drew away the curtain from apocalyptic vis-
ions of dread ultimate struggle between the
two halves of the world, of a planet burning
bright at last with only the hard stars left
to look on. Before we accept that vision
as reality, we must work toward whatever
hope there be, even if we have to go to it
on bare feet, over sharp stones and broken
glass.
We must be sure we have not torn up the
page and refused to solve the problem,
merely because it was too hard, merely
because there were five or six variables in
it. One can leap toward the grim final-
ities too readily; they have an attraction
of their own, and a mock-heroic seduc-
tiveness. The man with the really sharp
sense of what finality truly means is, per-
haps, one who would resist it longer, who
would, at this hour, issue the most impres-
sive demand for an instant emergency con-
ference, who would speak to the whole
wide world, and not merely to us, and would
call upon the planet to marshall all of its
forces against war, and not merely upon
ourselves glumly to rally our own.
(Copyright, 1.948, New York Post Corporation)

Foolish Attacks
r1_1IlL RECE'NT1 AT1''ACKS oi American
War Crim es agenc ies operaing in Eu-
rope represent a very dangerous attitude,
jeopardizing the success of our whole occu-
pation policy. Failure to finish the job
of prosecuting war criminals would serve
to alienate many Europeans from us, would
decrease our prestige in German, and make
wonderful Communist propoganda. Rumors
that we are supporting big Nazi criminals
while punishing the little Nazis have been
used very effectively by some political
groups.
In an interview appearing in the "Chi-
cago Tribune" on March 15, Col. Millard,
former executive officer to the secretary-
general of the military tribunals, is not
content to call for the abolition of tribunals,
but goes on to smear Americans connected
with the trials. Millard is quoted as saying
that many assistants at Nuernberg are
incompetent Americans of recent vintagA
"who came back to Germany for their own
private interests and had a perfect carpet
bagging mentality." Millard further charges
that the people now making from $8,000
to $10,000 a year made only from $1,200 to
$3,000 a year before coming to Europe.
The fact is that the great majority of
investigators, interpreters, monitors,
translators working with OCC (Office of
Chief of Counsel for War Crimes) in
Nuernberg and the 7,708 War Crimes
Group in Dachau have salaries ranging
from $3,000 to $4,500 a year. $10,000 a
year is top salary. Some employees ac-
tually made more money in their old jobs
than they do now.
These assistants are not incompetent.
Most of them are specialized personnel, dif-
ficult to replace. At one time 13 civilians
were specially sent over from the States;
all of them were rejected because they
did not have the necessary qualifications.
Knowing the language is not enough. Vast
amounts of background information are
necessary. I doubt whether you, Col. Millard,
could assemble a better staff with the per-
sonnel available in the European Command.
The big wave of redeployment decimated
the number of qualified personnel. More
and more Americans are becoming increas
ingly dissatisfied with the way the German
occupation is being handled, and are going
home. But the people who are still left earn
their keep rather well.
Civilian employees of the Dept. of the
Army do not have a "carpet bagging men-
tality." There are by necessity a few indi-
viduals who use their official position to
further their private interests, or who are
indifferent toward their responsibility. For
the most part, the US civilians working for
War Crimes are ex-GI's who were asked to
stay overseas because of their knowledge
of the German language and the German
background.
Many of those civilians stayed because
they believe we have a job to do in Ger-
many, weeding out the bad from the
good, in order not to punish the just and
reward the criminal opportunist. Those
civilians were willing to work nights and
weekends because they took their jobs
seriously.
Others stayed on because they had
fiancees or families in Europe, who are not
allowed to come to the United States. The
rest of the civilians stayed-yes, Col. Millard
---because the pay is good. Many people like
to take home a big pay check, and do do
much better work in order to keep their
job.
Col. Millard, those "American citizens
of recent vintage," those "men of ex-
German nationality" came back to Ger-
many because of a little war we had.
Remember?
We committed ourselves to prosecute war
criminals. Let's finish the job.
-John Neufeld.

10 ilE? 6Jito ..

11


Gotterdamerung?

SCENE: The Palace of the Gods, Mt.
Olympus, Greece.
TIME: The present.
A gloomy atmosphere prevails as the gods
await the arrival of Mercury. Jupiter sitj
wearily on his throne, his head bowed. In a
corner near a blazing fire, Vulcan is hard
at work forging two large masses of metal..
Terpsichore is in the midst of a weird, mor-
bid dance.
Suddenly, through a marble doorway
comes Mercury on winged feet. He de-
posits a scroll of dispatches in front of
Jupiter and steps back, waiting expectantly.
Jupiter reads the dispatches to the anxiou
gods. - President of the United States asks
for conscription-Russian press denounce..
American "imperialism"-Chasm between
Russia and the United States widens-
American press announces Communist plot
to overthrow the government.
Jupiter looks angrily at Minerva, who
avoids his glance. "You have failed, failed
miserably," he shouts, "So I have no choice

in this matter." He leans forward and
presses a button.
The sound of heavy footsteps is heard.
A giant, fierce-looking god tramps into the
room. Vulcan hands him the products of
his labor-a large sword and shield. He
buckles the shield to his tunic and stands
ready to obey Jupiter's instructions.
"I must send you forth again, Mars, for
the people of the earth have not yet learned
the folly of their ways." So saying, Jupiter
walks sadly from the room.
Mars, god of war, laughs thunderously,
flourishes his sword, and strides toward the
marble archway. Suddenly Minerva, goddess
of wisdom, leaps to her feet and races to-
ward the same archway. Mars, fully confi-
dent, makes no effort to head her off. The
other gods smile sadly. The same course of
events has taken place many times befomv,
but Mars has always outraced Minerva.
But hasn't Minerva improved this time?
Must the result always be the same?
-Leon Jaroff.

EDITOR'S NOTE: Because The Daily
prints every letter to the editor re-
ceived (which is signed, 300 words
or less in length, and in good taste)
we remind our readers that the views
expressed in letters are those of the
writers only. Letters of more than
300 words are shortened, printed or
omitted at the discretion of the edi-
torial director.
. * .
Boycott t swe[r
To the Editor:
HAT'S WRONG with the un-
ion barbershop?
Mr. Riviere has asserted that a
boycott of a discriminating bar-
bershop is not feasible. He cannot
prove his opinion and I doubt that
he has any basis for that state-
ment except his intuition. And in-
tuitions even like magazine polls
are sometimes wrong. However
it is a virtual certainty that a boy-
cott is not feasible if it is not or-
ganized and tried.
Riviere indicated that only when
by some unexplained miraculous
process public opinion has
changed laws will apparently au-
tomatically tighten and barbers
will automatically obey them. All
without any trouble, friction, ill
feeling or effort on anybody's part.
All we presumably have to do is be
patient and wait a sufficient (and
indefinite) time. It sounds too
easy!
It is especially in a democracy
that there is both the opportunity
and the duty of any individual
and group to organize and act on
their beliefs in any legitimate
manner without making nervously
sure that everybody is exactly in
step with them. How can the
'public' suffer a general change
in heart if those of us who have
suffered that change in heart do
not act on our convictions?
I agree with Mr. Riviere to the
extent that it is of no avail to act
against the complete opposition of
bothtinstitutionstand public senti-
ment. But in this case we are
dealing with Ann Arbor, Michigan,
where civil equality is inscribed
into law and to a large extent car-
ried into daily practice and where
the student body voted overwhel-
mingly in a secret ballot specifi-
cally against discrimination in
barber shops.
The students who voted against
discrimination are entitled to
clear-cut choices:
1 To follow and support a con-
sistent IRA program to combat
discrimination.
2) To contact and work with
IRA to help to change and im-
prove our methods of action.
3) To reconsider and re-evaul-
ate their expressed preference
against discrimination.
A boycott may not succeed. But
there is a good chance that it may
do so. At the very least it will
dramatize the issue and put a clear
choice to the individual conscience
For myself I cannot see how any-
one with a belief in equality can
patronise discriminating barber-
shops while our own Union will
supply equivalent service to all.
-Henry Shmer-IRA
Clarifies Charge
To the Editor:
HAVE NEVER heard of the
"League for Catholic Decency."
Neither has any well informed
person. Perhaps Mr. Tumin means
the Legion of Decency. If he does,
he should get the facts straight
before writing to The Daily.
Art in the movies has never suf-
fered because of the existence of
the Legion of Decency. The pur-
pose of the Legion is to keep inde-
cency and immorality out of the
movies. Good art is not filthy or
immoral.
-T. F. Cartaino

Charges Bias
To the Editor:
MR BEN ZWERLING's story in
The Daily of March 16 on
the campus-wide meeting on the
Czech situation is one of the
worst pieces of reporting I have
ever seen. The facts are thorough-
ly misrepresented.
In commenting on what hap-
pened to the participants in a stu-
dent demonstration in Prague,
Mr. Zwerling wrote "but none
were arrested and beaten, accord-
ing to MYDA." This statement just
does not correspond to the facts.
If Mr. Zwerling had taken the
trouble to read the MYDA state-
ment, which was given to him at
the meeting, he would have found
this sentence:
"Also, as a result of the demon-
stration, several students were ar-
rested . ."
I don't know how Mr. Zwerling
can explain his error, especially

since he had a written copy of the
MYDA statement.
Mr. Zwerling then went on to
describe a report read to the
meeting by the chairman of SLID.
"It was," Zwerling wrote, 'a later
report in which Jim Smith de-
clared that he 'did not authorize
the press release" that was ac-
credit to him by MYDA. This
statement also does not correspond
to the facts.
The chairman of SLID read a
report from the New York Times
of March 6 in which Mr. Smith de-
nied signing a statement issued
by the International Union of Stu-
dents denouncing the student
demonstrations as "against the
people's democratic regime." Mr.
Zwerling quoted earlier in the
story what MYDA had said.
Smith stated, according to the
MYDA report, that, in the stu-
dent demonstration protesting the
Czech coup, "one person was hit
by an automobile and another shot
in the leg after a tussle with a
policeman." Smith has not de-
nied making this statement.
-Ed Shaffe'
Pairody fHit
To the Editor:
N REFERENCE to Mr. Honigs-
baum's parody on Browning, it
seems quite evident that he could
not have misconstructed the au-
thors purpose more completely.
Obviously the aim of the oiginal
poem "As I Ride," was to convey
the feeling of movement; and it
seems as if Mr. Honigsbaum could
have selected a more suitable work
for the expression of his political
thoughts. May I suggest a basic
English literature course to fur-
ther acquaint Mr. Honigsbaum
with the intricacies of English
poet'y.
--Gene Smith
Praises Wriers
To the .Editor:
Cheers for The Daily's articles
which took a definite stand on
MYDA and labelled it for what it
really is.
For a long time students on this
campus have wondered just what
part MYDA plays in what is con-
sidered the "liberal" element
among students. Many students
have been so disillusioned by such
left wing groups in our midst that
in despair they have come to the
conclusion that there actually is
no difference between the "liber-
als" and the "communists."
True liberalism should be fos-
tered and students should take an
active part in furthering its ideals,
but there must be a clear cut dis-
tinction between those who are
genuinely liberal and those who
are only using this label to drag
innocent bystanders into the com-
munists' ranks. The Daily writers
have contributed greatly to a bet-
ter understanding so that stu-
dents won't be misled by com-
munist propaganda disguised as
liberal reform.
-Don Nuechterlein
MYDA Attacked
To the Editor:
MYDA'S Contention that it has
always supported academic
freedom everywhere in the world
will hardly hold water. Professors
and students have been driv-
en from their posts, prose-
cuted, imprisoned on political
charges repeatedly in Rus-
sia, Estonia, Latvia Lithl-
ania, Poland, Rumania, Hun-
gary, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Al-
bania without one whisper of pro-
test from MYDA. It is small won-
der that the recent incidents in

Czechoslovakia awaken no pro-
test either. I venture to say that
MYDA never has protested, does
not now protest, and never will
protest against any invasion of
academic freedom arising from
any Communist or Communist-
approved government. The only
wonder is that they bother to
keep up so thin a veil of hypocriti-
cal pretense, after everyone else
has seen through it.
The account given by Mr. Shaf-
fer of events in Czechoslovakia is
so transparently a shame-faced
apology for the indefensible that
it would be both cruel and needless
to subject it to detailed analysis.
So I will content myself with ask-
ing a few plain questions with
rather obvious answers: (1) Was
there a Communist or a non-Com-
munist prime minister at the time
of the coup d'etat? (2) Was the
immediate cause of the crisis a
demand to eliminate all Commu-
nists or all non-Communists from
the police? (3) Was there a large
Russian army or a large American


Strange Difference

radation that overcomes those
who substitute the "party line" for
individual thought and conscience.
-Preston Slosson
Different RPeusonn
To the Editor:
r'HURSDAY WHILE walking to
my nine o'clock class a mimeo-
graphed piece of paper was thrust
at me by a zealous member of the
Wallace Progressives of Ann Ar-
bor. The paper was boldly head-
lined Truman's War Scare.
My wife and I have read the pa-
per carefully and we believe that
the accusations hurled so freely
are based on incorrect premises.
1. The claim is made that the
Truman Doctrine has brought a
fear of war to us. We believe that
the Truman Doctrine was a result
of that fear.
2. Big businessmen and military
men m inour government are sip-
posed to be "fomenting feeling
that war is inevitable." Rather, we
think that that feeling is develop-
ing because of Russia's expansion-
ist policy.
3. Wallace is quoted as saying
that our present foreign policy at-
tempts to suppress all leftist
groups in Europe by branding
them as being Communistic. We
believe that our foreign policy is
aimed at helping people to gov-
ern themselves rather than by
edict from Moscow.
4. The statement is made that
"there is absolutely no evidence
that Russia is expanding into Cze-
choslovakia." If this statement is
true, then why did the Czech am-
bassador to the United States re-
sign his post and claim that the
Russians are in complete control
of Czechoslovakia.
-William A. and
Rosmary K. Rowen
Enemy's Enemy
To the Editor:
fHIS MORNING I was handed a
communique of the Wallace
Progressives as I left the Union. It
was entitled "Truman's War
Scare." This bit of propaganda
declared, amid many unbelieveable
assertions, that "socialist and cap-
italist nations must live together,
for the alternative is not victory
for one or the other but destruc-
tion for the world." This is an ad-
mirable statement, but I wonder if
the Wallace Progressives have
heardtthe statement that Com-
rad Stalin made in his recent best
seller Problems of Leninism? He
said, "It is inconceivable that the
Soviet Union should continue to
live side by, side with imperialist
state-ultimately one must con-
quer."Here is a thought to re-
member: our enemy's enemy is not
necessarily our friend.
-Frank Swartwout
No lect(ed P aSe
To the Editor:
JN THE EXCITEMENT and
alarm caused by recent devel-
opments in Czechoslovakia, one
phase of the story appears to be
neglected: that, while it was pres-
sure i'om the Soviet Union which
enabled the Communists to gain
power, it was also the ungenerous
unyielding policy of our own gov-
ernment which made the Com-
munist victory inevitable. The fol-
lowing statements in the N.Y.
Times on Fri., Mar. 12, strengthen
this conclusion:
" . .Czechoslovakia had to
have help from somewhere, and
Mr. Masaryk spent much of his
time when he was in the United
States last fall in an effort to get
it from the United States . . . He
said resignedly a few weeks before
his death: 'The United States

treats us as though we had al-

I

army in the neighborhood and in
a position to intervene? (4 Was it
a Russian high official or an
American one whose a''rrival gave
the signal for the coup? 5 Wase
it before om' after ihe coup that the
liberty of the press was suspend-'
ed. a rigid censorship instituted.
the frontier closed to immigration
and emnig ration, the university
purged of non-conformist profes-
sors?
As MYDA well knows I have
given mere time. effort and atten-
tion to fighting for the rights of
the Communists on this campus
than almost any other person. As
a menimber of the Academic Free-
dom Committee 1 shall continue
to do so. But I swear I deserve a
high seat in Heaven for fighting,
day in and day out for the free-

communism? How long can we
continue to swallow these hysteri-
cal pronouncements?
In his short term, Mr. Truman
has managed to completely dis-
avow the late Pres. Roosevelt's
policies on labor, civil rights and
foreign affairs. His replacements
for the progressives have been
men whose sole duty in life seems
to be the destruction of any hopes
for peace. Both Hoover and Dulles
were shouting for war with Rus-
sia as far back as 1921, yet both
have high official capacities to-
day. James Foi'estal, W. A. Har-
i'iman, Robt. Lovett, and W. H.
Draper have all been connected
with the investment, houses of
Dillon, Reid, and Co. and Brown
Bros., whose interests have al-
ways run counter to those of la-
bor. The overwhelnring amount of
military men now occupying key
positions is another indication of
the trend of the present govern-
ment.
President Truman's ccntinual
reiteration that America is not an
aggressive nation implies the at-
titudte that all who fail to share
our thought on government are
necessarily wrong.
Let's get rid of this attitude that
we can do no wrong, that the other
fellow is always to blame. Let's.
start thinking objectively and not
emotionally.
--Hy Bershad
ENERAL of the Army Douglas
MacArthur, Supreme Com-
mander in Japan, is taken seri-
ously as an aspirant for the GOP
presidential nomination. The
White House is not at all pleased
that a general sould seek the
Commander in Chief's job when
he is supposed to be operating
under orders.
-U.S. News and World
Report.
Fifty-Eighth Year
h ea

ready been sold down the river,
but we haven't-yet.' . . . With
no help in sight from the United
States. the Soviet Union osten-
tatiously announced that it would
provide 400,000 tons of wheat."
-Wilfred Kaplan
Thim k )b(jecu iely
To the Editor:
AT LAST Mr. Truman grasps the
grimy paw of W. Randolph
Hearst! Unable to successfully an-
swer Wallace's attacks, he has re-
plied by shrieking "Red." False ac-
cusations are not to be treated
lightly, whether they be from
President Truman or any other
citizen! -
Why is the President afraid to

dcm of those who deny freedom air and discuss the attacks against
to all who are not of their own him and his scheming ministers?
way of thinking! Mr. Shaffer's Does agreement wtih a warlike
letter is a horrible example of the policy molded by cartel figure-
mental confusion and moral deg- heads constitute embracement of '

I

A

K

"WELL, HERE WE ARE AGAIN." Those
words seem to be the general opinion,
as our minds go back about eight years to
the day F.D.R. announced the need for a
peacetime selective service. But are we just
"here" again, or is this present situation
not a thousand times more complex and
ten thousand times more vital to the fate
of our elaborate, painstakingly erected civ-
ilization?j
With the exception of the Bund members,
Americans, almost to a man, knew the
score with Germany. Fascism was under-
stood, and we knew we didn't want it to
Haunting Tune
SO CONGRESSMEN are going to be good
little boys, and by putting aside all
party politics, play the game fair and square
in the nation's best interests.
In spite of the generally pessimistic at-
titude of President Truman's recent speech
to Congress, he expressed the almost child-
ish conviction that "the American people
have the right to assume that political
considerations will not affect our (Congress)
working together." Perhaps in 1949, such a
statement would be somewhat feasible, but
this is 1948.
As Congressional Records can prove, an
election year has never witnessed the pass-
age of any extreme measures, crisis or not.
The average Congressman is much too
afraid of his public and party policy to
lose an election by sticking his neck out,
either to the right or the left. The possible
war with Russia will hardly change political
sentiments. With a split in the Democratic
party, the Republicans have their best
chance, this year, to elect a president, and
neither party will take any great risk that
would turn the tide of events against them.
Already the newspapers have been filled
with the doubts expressed by Congressmen
regarding the passage of UMT and the draft
bill. ERP seems to be the only measure
proposed in Truman's speech that will get
reasonable backing. In the uncertainty of
an election year, Congress could hardly

happen here. The Germans were not secre-
tive, but arrogant and proud in their ag-
gression. The issue was crystal-clear, and
with a capable pilot to guide us through
the difficulties, we rallied together and
swallowed whole the "Dream . of a Better
World" pill.
It didn't take long, however, for the in-
digestion to start. Now we find ourselves
whirling around in a really "vicious" circle:
We are against Russian ideology; she is
against ours. We say "hands off" Europe
and put our own hands on. Russia becomes
belligerent, puts more hands on. We are
angry, start raising armies. The logical next
step is for Russia to raise bigger armies, and
you can take it from there easily enough.
The American people have a right to be
confused. Floundering in the complicated
political and economic mire, they have no
capable pilot to turn to this time. They
do, however, still have the thing that raises
them above animals-their minds. Last time
we could answer a call to arms without
qualms. This time the only too recent lesson,
even without the invention of a certain
little instrument, should compel us to
think out this crisis, rather than eagerly
rush to shoot it out.
-Gloria Goodstein.
Selling job
THE RUSSIANS may not be terrifically
able in the public relations field, but
they turn out propaganda which is prob-
ably the envy of many an adman.
It would be fascinating to watch their
tactics if the results weren't so alarming.
They've been telling the Italians for some
time now that Americans will be stupid
enough to send ERP aid to even a com-
munist Italian state. We wonder what they
will make out of Truman's speech to Con-
gress.
The Russians will probably say that Tru-
man is a warmonger, seeking only to line
the pockets of Wall Street brokers. ERP
will be a bribe to get the Italians to suc-
cumb to some treacherous capitalist plot.

Loo king Back

From the pages of The Daily
20 YEARS AGO TODAY:
The Daily prepared to conduct an ex-
perimental Presidential poll on March 21,
in which printed ballots were to be used.
All departments of the University were
cooperating in an attempt to bring out a
record vote.
Sen. Reed of Missouri demanded the
resignation of Secretary of the Treasury
Mellon and condemned the silence of Pres-
ident Coolidge as more facts about the
Teapot Dome oil scandal were revealed.
10 YEARS AGO TODAY:
Lithuania bowed to a Polish ultimatum
which demanded that all claims to Wilno
be relinquished and that diplomatic rela-
tions between the two countries be reestab-
lished. .
Spanish insurgents declared that the
bombings of Barcelona, in which 640 civil-
ians were killed, were justified by the
"discovery of military objectives in that
city.
5 YEARS AGO TODAY:
A Daily headline read, "MacArthur's
Pilots Sink Jap Submarine."
American troops captured El Guetar and
continued eastward, further threatening the
Nazi position in Tunisia.
SOME OF THE GOP leaders look with a
jaundiced eye on the proposal that Sen-
ator Vandenberg be chosen to make the key-
note speech before the Republican conven-

Edited and managed by students of
the University of Michigan under the
authority of the Board in Control of
Student Publications.
Editorial Staff
John Campbell......Managing Editor
Dick Maloy...............City Editor
Harriett Friedman .. Editorial Director
Lida Dailes...........Associate Editor
Joan Katz...........Associate Editor
Fred Schott......... Associate Editor
Dick Kraus ..............Sports Editor
Bob Lent ......Associate Sports Editor
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