PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY r SATURDAY, JANUARY 14, 1949 PAGE TWO r SATUR1~AY, JANUAR~Y 10, 194& I il4r A irk igttn ttilg MATTER OF FACT: Stalin's Health DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN Letters to the Editor Fifty-Eighth Year I Edited and managed by students of the Uni- versity of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. John Campbell ...................Managing Editor ' Nancy Helmick ...................General Manager Clyde Recht.......................City Editor Jean Swendemen ............Advertising Manager Edwin Schneider ................Finance Manager Stuart Finlayson ................Editorial Director Lida Dailes.....................Associate Editor R aice Mintz.................Associate Editor Dikc Kra'us .......................Sports Editor Bob Lent ..................Associate Sports Editor Joyce Johnson ....................Women's Editor Betty Steward...........Associate Women's Editor Joan de Carvajal...............Library Director Melvin Tick ..................Circulation Manager Telephone 23-24-1 I Member of The Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the -use for re-publication of all new dispatches credited to it or otherwise credited in this news- paper. All rights of re-publication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Mich- igan, as second class mail matter. Subscription during the regular school year by carrier, $5.00, by mail, $6.00. Member, Assoc. Collegiate Press, 1947-48 By JOSEPH AND STEWART ALSOP RUMORS OF THE impending death of Generalissimo Josef Stalin are an an- nual crop, and the present heavy harvest has produced the customary reaction among the American experts. They will believe the story when it has been officially announced. Nevertheless, since the expectation that Stalin must some day die is an important point of American foreign policy, it seems to be worthwhile to set down the known facts. In the first place, those Americans who have the best means of forming a judgment consider that Stalin has been far from com- pletely well for some years. At one of the war-time conferences, he actually confessed to President Roosevelt that he had trouble with both his heart and lungs. After Tehran his plane was unexpectedly grounded at Baku, whence he returned by rail to Mos- cow. The reason for this, and his subse- quent refusal to travel anywhere by air, is thought to have been the sharp effect on his lungs of flying at altitude. In the second place, however, the same men admit that Stalin may last a long while yet. As his frequent trips to Sochi indicate, he has been taking excellent care of himself since the end of the war. His holidays invigorate him greatly-when Sec- retary of Commerce Averell Harriman vis- ited Sochi during the greatest of all out- bursts of "Stalin is dying" talk, he found the Russian dictator looking better than he had for years. And every one who has ever seen Stalin regards him as one of the toughest specimens of the tough Georgian race. Thus there is .no telling whether this crop of rumors, or the next one, or the one after that, M~iay be right or wrong. Meanwhile, whatever reliable facts can be obtained on Stalin's health have an inter- est far greater than mere gossip. Stalin's death is in fact considered likely to produce changes in Soviet policy. The argument for this view is as follows: After Stalin is removed from the world scene, the experts expect the control of the Soviet Union to pass to a sort of inner com- mittee of the Politburo. According to this theory, Molotov will be Stalin's official heir, inheriting the outward trappings of leader of they Soviet state. Beria, meanwhile, will control the MVD-the changed but un- changing secret police; the Russian Com- munist party will be headed by Zhdanov, hero of the Cominform organization meet- ing; and to Bulganin will go the leadership of the Bussian military forces. In other words, while Molotov will get the trappings of power, the fundamental levers of com- mand will be held by his three juniors among the Politburo's inner group. History teaches. and the experts believe, that there can be no stability in this quadri- partite division of the power of an auto- cratic state. What is anticipated was sug- gested by George Kannan, State Depart- ment planner, in his famous "M. X" article. There will be a conflict, paralleling the con- flict that convulsed Rome after the death of Augustus. Then the Roman imperial house, the Senatorial plutocracy, the state bureau- cracy and the legions fought it out to- gether, until only the legions survived to rule the empire. The inevitable similarities of the situation that will obtain in Moscow after Stalin's death are strikingly obvious. Moreover, in this modern case, the conflict should be rendered all the more embittered by each of the different forms of state power being personified in a single individual. The pre- diction is that this inner conflict will rage in the Kremlin from the day of Stalin's funeral for an indeterminate but probably considerable period. There will probably be several permutations and combinations- first three against one, then one against two, and so on. And at last another sole ruler will be chosen for the Soviet Union by the ruthless law of the survival of the fittest. What interests the experts about these struggles is, of course, their probable effect upon the Soviet state and power. The best prediction is that the form of the Soviet state will remain always outwardly unal- tered, whatever dark melodrama may be enacted within the Kremlin's grim walls. But in such struggles, the starting points, at least ostensibly, are always disputes over policy. In the similar contest which took place after the death of Lenin, both the So- viet bureaucracy, and the Communist par- ties at home and abroad were constantly rent and riven by policy disputes. These were chiefly mere outer manifestations of the Stalin-Trotsky rivalry. Yet, the end re- sult was the temporary crippling of the Communist parties outside the Soviet Union, and a drastic change in the Soviet Union's foreign policy. The Stalin theory of "So- cialism in one country" was officially adopt- ed, while the NKVD hounded all dissenters to the fitting end of heretics. No wonder Stalin's health is now a sub- ject of such intense interest; for his death is also considered likely to result in another great change in the direction of Soviet pol- icy. No one is predicting whether the change will be for better or for worse, but all are hoping for the best. (Copyright, 1947, New York Herald Tribune) Publication in The Daily Official Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the University. Notices for the Bulletin should be sent in typewritten form to the office of the Assistant to the President, Room 1021 Angell Hall, by 3:00 p.m. on the day preceding publication (11:00 a.m. Sat- urdays). Notices SATURDAY, JANUARY 10, VOL. LVIII, No. 80 Book Exchange checks are available at the office of the Dean of Students. See Mrs. Reynolds. New York State Veterans who are temporarily absent from the state, but are otherwise eligible for the New York State Bonus should write for application blanks to Mr. Leo V. Lanning, State Bonus Bureau, 1875 Broadway, Albany, New York. Veterans: All Public Law 16 veterans who expect to graduate at the close of thecurrent Fall Semester must contact, personally, their respective Training Officers in Rm. 100A, Rackham Bldg., at the earliest possible date. Directed Teaching, Qualifying Examination: All students expect- ing to do directed teaching in the spring are required to pass a qual- ifying examination in the subject in which they expect to teach. This examination will beheld on Sat., Jan. 10, 8:30 a.m., University High School Auditorium. The ex- amination will consume about four hours' time; promptness is therefore essential. Please bring bluebooks. Students Planning to do Direct- ed Teaching: Students expecting to do directed teaching for the secondary-school certificate in the l l 3 7 t t s I 1918 igan, will have a representative here on Mon., Jan. 12, to interview electrical engineers. The Com- monwealth and Southern Corpo- ration is an engineering service company for five associated elec- tricity supply companies operat- ing in Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, In- diana and Pennsylvania. Aetna Casualty and Surety In- surance Company, Detroit office, will interview here on Tuesday, Jan. 13, for men graduating in February for salaried sales work. Single men over 25 years of age are preferred. Peoples Gas, Light, and Coke Company will have a representa- tive here on Tuesday, Jan. 13, to interview men for general business training. Men with a Business Administration background or Accounting majors would be especially well qualified. They are also interested in two girls with Home Economics majors. Zurich General Accident and Liability Insurance Company will be here on Thursday, Jan. 15, to interview men for salaried sales positions. They are also interested in men who have actuarial train- ing to do underwriting. There are some positions open in their laims department for men who have a legal background. For complete information, call extension 371. Lectures University Lecture: Dr. Paul R. Cannon, Professor of Pathology, University of Chicago, will lecture on the subject, "Protein Meta- bolism in Relation to Infection and Resistence," Mon., Jan. 12, 4:15 p.m., Rackham Amphithea- tre: auspices of the Department of Biological Chemistry. The pub- lic is invited. EDITOR'S NOTE: Because The Daily prints every letter to the editor re- ceived (which is signed, 300 words or less in length, and in good taste) we remind our readers that the views expressed in letters are those of the writers only. Letters of more than 300 words are shortened, printed or omitted at the discretion of the edi- torial director. S* * Third Party To the Editor: O NE OF MY acquaintances sees no need for a third party now. He is convinced that Wallace's announcement of his candidacy was bad politics. I asked for his views. Did he agree with Wal- lace's ideas? Yes, in general, he did. "But all he will do now is take votes from the Democrats and assure us a Republican presi- dent." My friend wasn't sure that he should vote at all. The country in a mess and nobody in Wash- ington changing this. I heartily agreed about the mess-but couldn't he do some good by vot- 111 (Beethoven); and Schumann's Albumblatter, and Carnaval, Op. 9. I] ;. d l F f s a a C a a t a 0 t c F t s P c v 1' r c t t k 1 ing? Well-then he might vote for the "lesser of two evils"; for the pawn of the devil instead of the devil himself. After all, Truman had some fine ideas on occasions. Fine ideas-only to keep a few old faithfuls' spouting that we must stick with Truman. Nobody thinks of putting the fine ideas to work. There is no more need to talk about the =lesser of two evils;! Can't we see that they are as alike as a left and a right thumb? They admit that their foreign policy is bi-partisan, seeing the country through a little cold war. Pulling together, mightily pulling the ship of state through this: A Democrat on the bridge, an honest general the skipper, shipping orders from downtown Manhattan, a mostly Republican crew, getting us where they want us to go. All of us pas- sengers. The blue Mediterranean. Marines in combat equipment on deck. Battle air again. Saving western civilization from eastern hordes. Kings and generals are most useful. Exceptionally safe people who could never be ac- cused of thinking even pinkish thoughts. White like angels and the empty faces of head cut off by their henchmen. And bleach- ing skulls of a new generation of minutemen. Valley Forge-only a memory of the old years, a dull pale page. Why a third party? To return to Americans the "right to choose"! Between war at any cost and peace: not by arming but by understanding. To revive for the World the hope of America. -Jack A. Mucas Applause for Band To the Editor: t Editorials published in The Michigan Daily. are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. NIGHT EDITOR: NAOMI STERN Tax Honeymoon E FACT that 1948 is an election year explains much of the political sleight of hand show to which we are currently be- ing treated. Perhaps it also explains the anomaly of both Democrats and Republicans outdoing each other in an attempt to sell tax reduction to the people as their own baby. While the eye-gouging is going on, econ- omists are whispering to apparently stone ears that one of the most effective means of Combatting inflation is to increase taxes to sop up part of the money being used to compete for scarce goods. But President Truman, proposing a $40 out for all income taxpayers and each de- pendent and an increase in corporate taxes, in his State of the Union message described his plan as an anti-inflation measure to help the low income groups. At best, however, this is only a poor sub- stitute for an inflationary cure. After a short lag, during which taxpayers will enjoy the gains of a larger income, prices will climb another notch, putting the con- sumer exactly where he started-compet- lug for scarce goods but with more money than ever floating around. In the meantime Minnesota's Knutson dismisses the Truman proposal as politics and announces his intention to continue work on his own $5 billion tax reduction bill which does not increase corporate levies. The philosophy behind this brain-child appears to be: You can have your cake and eat it too. All you need is a few bucks more than the next guy., When, the tax reduction honeymoon is over, you still have inflation. --Jake Hurwitz. Cina A NEW INSTANCE of the complete lack of civil liberty which is characteristic of Chiang Kai-Shek's Nationalist Govern- ment in China is the torturing and killing by police of Tu Tsi-san, chairman of the student body of the National Chekiang Uni- versity. This student leader was killed by the underlings of bhiang: the same dictator to whom Secretary of State George C. Mar- shall has promised another $300 million. Because the Nationalist government is backward, corrupt, and violently anti- democratic-because the vast majority of the Chinese people themselves repudiate it, many thinking Americans have ques- tioned the validity of our policy in the Far East,.the policy which during the past five years has financed the Nationalist government to the tune of four billion American dollars. In an attempt to change the Truman pol- icy, which, as Brig. Gen. Evans F. Carlson has said, ". . . is one of the greatest errors ever made in American diplomacy . . T. A. Bisson, W. E. DuBois, and Stanley H. Isaacs have issued a call for a National Conference on Amerian Policy in China and the Far East. Representatives of 'hundreds of organi- zations have been contacted, including groups on campuses throughout the coun- try. At the conference they will discuss S 1 r 1 l J 7 f I'D RATHER BE RIGHT: Great Year A htead By SAMUEL GRAFTON IT'S GOING TO BE a whale of a year; friends. Such offers! Mr. Wallace offers us peace, and an end of racial discrimina- tion. That's good, nobody can say it isn't. Mr. Truman offers a tax cut of $80 if you're married, plus $40 more for each child, and he also throws in housing, education, health, higher old age pensions, an end to discrim- ination, a 75-cents-an-hour minimum wage, and a pacified and rebuilt Europe. That's good, too. As for the Republicans they haven't made their offer yet, but they will, they will; for the moment they are em- barrassed by their control of a Congress which quite obviously doesn't intend to give anybody anything. The trouble with this bargain counter' 'though, is that if you reach for any of the goodies on it, you're likely to lose your hand. If you trade with Mr. Wallace, you may find that you have made Mr. Taft your President. Besides, the Wallace can- Youth's Ideas HEARST'S "COSMOPOLITAN" magazine has started a new series on American colleges, which starts off this month with that "colossal monument to mass educa- tion," the University of Minnesota. In, the course of the article, Collie Small, the writer, presents "Minnesota Student Leaders Sound Off," in which five students present in a meaty three or four sentences their opinions on schools, Russia, the Mar- shall Plan and the future of the Capitalist system. The complete quoted comment from the Associated Women Students' president follows: "She likes big coed schools. 'They give more opportunity for development of the individual and offer a more varied program.' She thinks capitalism is in the United States to stay, and says definitely she doesn't like the way Russia is acting." Few philosophies have been summed up so well. The other succinctly presented comments follow much the same pattern. The presi- dent of the Democratic Farm Labor Club is glad that Minnesota is coed, thinks that there is a feeling between Russia and thQ United States that may lead to war, is doubtful about the Marshall Plan and will didacy is a proposal to middle class Amer- ica that it take a position to the left of the A.F.L. and the C.I.O. It is about as likely to do that as it is to walk down Main Street in its pajamas. If you trade with Mr. Truman, however, you will find that, as of the present, he can't deliver. The cookies on his counter are only samples. He'll take your order for them, and sometime in the future, if we get a different sort of Congress, it may go through, but I'll bet you get your new four- door sedan first. Mr. Truman and Mr. Wallace can make promises, but have no real power;' the Re- publicans have power, and are making no promises. One of the things that might happen in November is the election of a liberal Congress and a Republican President, standing the present situation neatly on its head. This could easily happen if Mr. Wallace pulls 5,000,000 votes, mostly from Mr. Truman, and yet mostly for liberal Congressmen. We should remember that the elder LaFollette drew 4,822,004 votes as a third party candidate twenty-four years ago, in a postwar period not too unlike the present. And the total vote then was much smaller than it is these days. It seems to me the liberal voter has no need to make an immediate choice; he can' wait, and see, and figure out some way of voting for himself, of working out the com- bination that gives him the most, in both White House and Congress. This gives the liberal voter time for medi- tating on how he happened to get into his present dreadful fix. One reason is that he wants too much glamor from his candi- oate; he won't get out of the house and vote, except for Clark Gable, or a reasonable facsimile. The 1946 Congressional elections were the most crucial and also the dullest in years, but without a Roosevelt to hotten them up, the independent voters stayed home. You vote for a future, not for a face, or against a face, and we must wait and hope for the right combination to emerge out of the spectacular electoral chaos of the mo- ment. (Copyright, 1947, New York Post Syndicate) spring term, are requested to se- University Lecture: Dr. Paul R. cure assignments in Rm. 2442, Cannon, Professor of Pathology, University Elementary School, University of Chicago, will lecture Thurs., Jan. 15, according to the on the subject, "The Problem of following schedule: , Protein Hydrolysates for Intra- English, 8:30-9:30. venous and Oral Alimentation," Social Studies, 9:30-10:30. Tues., Jan. 13, 4:15 p.m., Rack- Science and Mathematics, ham 'Amphitheatre; auspices of 10:30-11:30. the Department of Biological All foreign languages, 11:30- Chemistry. The Public is invited. 12:00.$ All others, and any having con- Academic Ntices 3:00 or by appointment. Doctoral Examination for Har- old Stewart Courant, German Students who wish to do direct- Language and Literature; thesis: ed teaching in the nursery and "Hermann Stehr in the Light of elementary grades during the sec- Literary Criticism: 1898 1940," ond semester must apply for Saturday, Tan. 10, 9:30 a.m., East teaching assignments not later Council Room, Rackham Bldg. than January 21. Application may Chairman, W. A. Reichart. be made in Rm. 2509, University Elementary School. Doctoral Examination for James .__Stemble Duesenberry, Economics; Hopwood Manuscripts : The thesis: "Consumption Function : deadline for Hopwood MSS. in the A Study of Relations between In- major and minor contests in the come and Consumer Expendi- spring has been changed to Wed- tures," Saturday, Jan. 10, 2 p.m., nesday, April 14. 105 Economics Bldg. Chairman, Z. C. Dickinson. Food for the motorized unit of the Friendship Train will be col- Physical and Inorganic Chemis- lected Thursday, Friday and Sat- try Seminar: Sat., Jan. 10, 10:05 urday of this week. Boxes will be a.m., Rm. 303, Chemistry Bldg. placed in the Union, League, Lane Prof. Paul Niggli of Zurich will Hall and the Library. Canned speak on "Isomers and Mixed foods of any kind, dried fruits and Crystals." All interested are in- vegetables, sugar, flour, canned vited. fats are especially solicited. Con- tributions may be made at the Conflicts of Final Examinations, above locations through Saturday College of Engineering: All con- afternoon. Saturday, Jan. 10, at flicts must be reported, as an- 10:30, the Michigan Theatre will nounced on the examination have a special showing of sports schedule, prior to 12 noon, Satur- reels and cartoons; admission by day, Jan. 10. For instructions in contribution of food items. reporting conflicts, see the bulle- tin board adjacent to Rm. 3036, Seniors: Senior Candidates for E. Engineering Bldg. the following positions on the Senior Ball Committee must leave English Concentration (General statement of qualifications at the Program) Information Desk, Otfice (it Stu- The English Concentration Ad- dent Affairs, by Wed., Jan. 14. In- visers, General Program, will keep dicate position desired. General special office hours during the Chairman, Tickets, Publicity, Dec- week of January 12th for students orations, Patrons and Programs, who wish to arrange their pro- Orchestra, Building, Refresh- grams for the second semester. All ments, and Finance. students who are able to see their advisers in the week of January The Merrill-Palmer School, De- 12th should do so in order to troit, announces a number of lighten the advisory load during Graduate Student Assistantships registrationweek. and Fellowships for the academic! English concentrators -(General year 1948-49 for both men and Program) are assigned to advisers women. If interested, get in touch alphabetically, as follows: with the Bureau of Appointments, A-G Morris Greenhut, 3216 A.H. 201 Mason Hall. H-P, H. V. S. Ogden, 3220 A.H. Q-Z, Karl Litzenberg, 2212 A.H. The State of Michigan Civil Each adviser has posted special Service Commission announces an conference hours on his office examination for Adult Education door. Consultant III. Salary range,!, $335-$395 per month. Closing date' for filing applications, Jan. 28. For Concerts further information, call at the The University Musical Society Bureau of Appointments, 201 Ma- will present MYRA HESS, Eng- son Hall. lish pianist, in the Choral Union Series, Saturday, Jan. 10, 8:30 Bureau of Appointments and p.m., Hill Auditorium. She will Occupational Information, 201 play the following numbers: Mason Hall: Adagio, G major, and Toccata, D The Commonwealth and South- major (Bach); Drei Klavier- ern Corporation of Jackson. Mich- stucks (Schubert); Sonata, Op. A limited number of tickets are available at the offices of the Uni- versity Musical Society in Burton Tower daily; and after 7 p.m. on the night of the concert in the Hill Auditorium box office. Events Today Art Cinema League and the IRA present Henry Fonda and Dana Andrews in OX-BOW INCIDENT. Also "Boundary Lines," a short on racial discrimination, 8:30 p.m.. Kellogg Auditorium, Dental School. Tickets on sale at Univer- sity Hall, 10-noon. Conference on Workers' Educa- tion: Evaluative and planning conference with reference to the University of Michigan's activities in workers' education, 10 a.m.. Michigan Union. Members of the staff now engaged in such work as well as representatives of the University administration, of the advisory committees, and of the organized labor, will attend. Oth- ers interested are invited. Coming Events Sigma XI: Open meeting 2 p.m., Wed., Jan. 14, Rackham Am- phitheatre. Dr. W. H. Hobbs, Pro- fessor Emeritus of Geology, will speak on the subject, "The An- cient Glaciers of North America in the Light of Recent Studies of an Existing One" (illustrated). UMT Conference planning ses- sion: Mon., Jan. 10, 4 p.m., Lane Hall. Interested stulents welcome. Delta Sigma Pi, professional Business Administration fraterni- ty: Formal initiation, Sun., Jan. 11, 1 p.m., Rm. 324, Michigan Un- ion. Alpha Kappa Psi, Profesional Business Fraternity, formal initia- tion, Sun., Jan. 11, 2 p.m., Chapter house. Inter-racial Association Mixer: Sun., Jan. 11, 4-6 p.m., Michigan Union. Cornedbeef Corner, B'nai B'rith Hillel Foundation: Open from 8 to 10 p.m., Sun., Jan. 11. All students invited. YPCM: Membership meeting, Tues., Jan. 13, 7:30 p.m., Michigan Union. Planning of program and membership drive. Public is invit- ed. Hot Record Society: Sun., Jan. 11, 8:30 p.m., Michigan League Ballroom. Business meeting, lec- ture and record concert on blues. The public is invited. THE UN - AMERICAN grand- daddy of all, it seems, wants to return to Washington now that times are good for such as he. Martin Dies, who once called Shir- ley Temple a Communist, told re- porters in Houston, Texas, that he may run for the Senate in 1948. The founder and first chairman of the Un-American Activities Committee is accepting speaking engagements for the first time since he was booed off the stage at the 1944 Democratic conven- tion at Dallas. He says his itiner- ay carries him through February. Then he will decide if the race appears to be a "dignified and de- cent campaign." -The New Republic. USUALLY THE singer gets all the glory and the accompanist, the pianist, no matter how good, is credited with only small part of the program. This case can be ap- plied to the Michigan Football game and the band. The newspa- pers forgot the remarkable per- formance accomplished by the Michigan Marching Band. Two and a half million people saw them in the Tournment of Roses Parade. Here at least twen- ty bands marched, but no other band received the praise and ova- tion that the West Point precision marching and good music playing Michigan Marching Band did. I was standing among the Southern California crowd in the parade and heard the Californians say that their 150 man band looks like a high school band compared to Michigan's. At the game the formations were perfect and the sense of humor expressed was appreciated. The band had marched more than five miles by that time, but its per- formance would make any student proud even if he did not go for football and marching bands. In California the Marching Band was an equal partner in its performance to the football team, not an accompanist only. Every one of us would have been proud to see it, especially when we un- derstand how much work the band put in to make our school always remembered in Southern Cali- fornia. -Dezso Sekely Congr ftulatiolns To the Editor: t. , r WANT TO WRITE you to tell of the two wonderful Michigan institutions I was able to see New Year's Day at Pasadena. I was lucky enough to be one of the 9,000 Michigan alumni to get tick- ets, and the team and that band just about divided honors. I never saw such a team or band and I never saw a Michigan team de- feated except that 2 to 0 defeat at Chicago in 1905. You see, I entered Michigan in the fall of 1903, one year behind Willie Heston, and graduated in 1906 (Law) again one year after Heston, so I saw the Hammond brothers, Lergman, Gernny Schultz, Norcross, Redden, Cur- tis, etc., play, and other Yost- coached teams were some teams. I forgot Graham, the short-red- headed guard who used to get down on punts before all receiv- ers time and again. Al Barlow, second string quar- terback to Norcross, sat next to me all three years through Law school. He is now in the hospital-- didn't know whether he'd make the game or not-so his son told me. I have seen him quite a few times-also Donahue, Hurt and Parker of Los Angeles, and my very good friend Edgerton Sprague of Santa Ana. The oldest alumnus I saw at the game was a 1918 man, but there probably were others still older. I did so want to go to the 48th reunion of my class last year but was ill. In 1937 I drove a new Oldsmobile from Lansing to Cleveland and then home. I was alone and stopped at Ann Arbor I BARNABY... .. .,; ,x, I I I I I . I I F .r 1 . - _- _-. - r I _ h - - -'.- . t _ _1 1 1 1 111I