FU THE MICHIGAN DAILY

FAPmigahTh

I'D RATHER BE RIGHT:
Crying Is Not Enough

BILL MAULDIN

.NSA Constitution

r
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Editorials published in The Michigan Daily
are written by ofrn Ts The Daily staff
and represe 1,the sviews of the -rters crnly.

By SAMUEL GRAFTON
HENRY WALLACE wants peace. But he
has shown us no road to peace, and
until he can do so his candidacy will not
be a serious one. As of this writing, Mr.
Wallace's opposition to war has not much
more substance, though it may have more
warmth, than the late Mr. Coolidge's oppo-
sition to sin.
How, precisely, is he going to save us.
from the holocaust? By abandoning the
Marshall Plan, or by sterilizing it of political
effect, as his own "European recovery"
scheme suggests? But it is not hard to im-
agine what a thrill of terror would run
through America if France and Italy went
Communist.
One remembers how the American de-
fense program of 1940 was born the
night Hitler entered, not even France,
but the lowlands and Norway. Those who
want to, may counsel us to be indifferent
to such changes in Europe, but the Amer-
ican people could not be indifferent, even
if they desired to be; their nerves and
stomachs would not let them, and their
fearful and angry response would be au-
tomatic.
The plain truth is (and Mr. Wallace has
not faced it) that the majority of the
American people are fearful of Russia. And
it is with them that the peace must be
made.
Mr. Wallace's candidacy would make a
great deal of sense and would be formid-
able if the American people, as a whole dif-
fered from the Administration in their at-
titude toward Russia. But every sign shows
they do not, certainly not on the Marshall
Plan as a safe and humane method for
preserving the democratic decencies in
WIstern Europe while insulating ourselves
against danger. It would not be hard, per-
haps, to make peace between Russia and
Wallace, or between Russia and some of
Wallace's supporters. But that is not the
problem.
If there is to be peace, it must be made
between Communist Russia, as it stands,
and capitalist America, as it stands; and
those who do not view the problem in
these terms do not view it at all. The
Marshall Plan, under these conditions, is
a more realistic exploration of peace, and
a, more sensitive groping toward it, than
any sentimental appeal to forget that the
problem existf, or to change ourselves
into some other kind of country, with
which it would be easier to make peace.
The Russians know this perfectly well,
and I will wager that they take as little
stock as do the Republicans in Mr. Wal-

lace's appeal to us to change ourselves
into some kind of never-never land which
does not fear Russia.
The point is that if Mr. Wallace were, byI
some chance, to be put into power tomorrow,
and were to proclaim a completely concilia-
tory attitude toward Russia, the resulting
uproar would tear this country from end
to end, and produce the greatest disturb-
ance within the memory of living Amer-
icans. This may be unfortunate, but the
question we are discussing is whether it is
true. Thus Mr. Wallace stands rather alone;
his candidacy does not make him our
leader in the search for peace, but rather,
isolates him from the turbulent, but also
dynamic and shifting process through which
the rest of the country is going in its own
search for peace.
Mr. Wallace senses this himself, and
therefore deals out a few mild strictures to
Russia to behave better. But suppose she
doesn't? There is nothing at all in Mr. Wal-
lace's speech to indicate what he would do
then, with the Marshall Plan gone, except
have a good cry. It is n6t enough, and that
is why Mr. Wallace's initial offer has ur-
gency without reality, and good will without
promise.
(Copyright, 1947, New York Post Syndicate)
Wallace Runs
HENRY WALLACE has announced him-
self as an independent candidate for
President. To some people, depressed by the
mediocrity of statesmanship to which this
country has recently been subjected, the
action will be a courageous, but futile, ges-
ture. Others will dismiss the affair as an-
other of his "crackpot" ideas. But regardless
of one's personal opinion of the man, his
candidacy cannot be dismissed so lightly.
This man, one of labor's most consistent
and zealous champions, will not be sup-
ported by most of organized labor in his
campaign. His support will be as individual
and independent as the platform on which
he is running. His will be the support of
people who can see no hope for improve-
ment in the deadlock of foreign affairs or
any' end to the upward spiral of inflation
in present policies that have no far-reach-
ing purposes, that offer not even a tempo-
rary respite. Wallace will not win the elec-
tion, by any means, but the strength of his
support can and should be an indication
that some Americans are able to distinguish
statesmen from politicians.
-Pat James.

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-All rijhl t,,ry

Cap, 94 b

MAULDIN'S ILLUSTRATED ENCYCLOPEDIA
No. 2: "A noncombatant is a corpse who never had a chance
to talk back."
DAILY OFFICIAL B ULLETIN

NIGHT EDITOR: FRED SCHOTT

WASHINGTON WIRE:
Persuasion
By JOSEPH AND STEWART ALSOP
N THE GLOOMY forecasts of Congres-
sional action on the European Recovery
Program, one major point has been over-
looked. A public man who stands above pol-
itics enjoys a quite unusual power o what
may be called virtuous blackmail over his
colleagues down in the political mire. Two
public men, both stading above politics,
and acting together can wield persuasions
strong enough to reduce all the Speaker
Martins, Representa tive Browns and Sen-
ator Wherrys to a condition of happy plia-
bility. Disinterestedness is so rare a qual-
iity that it justly has its special prerequisites.
The real question is not whether Mar-
shall and Vandenberg (who must be the
protagonists) are able to get the European
Recovery Program through Congress. The
question is, rather, whether they are pre-
pared to employ these strong persuasions,
which must be their chief weapon in
dealing with those who will not listen to
reason. The signs suggest that they are
so prepared.
From those close to Secretary Marshall,
authoritative word has come that he re-
gards the fight ahead as the final show-
down. If the European Recovery Program
is even dangerously reduced or restricted,
he, has privately said that he would not
be responsible for the consequences. The
indications are that he means to tell the
Senators and Representatives as much, and
couch the information in the bluntest lan-
guage.
It is Secretary Marshall's known con-
viction that a reduced or restricted ERP
will defeat the aims of American foreign
policy, and bring disaster to the world.
There is no reason why he should remain
silently in office, presiding over a disaster
against which he was warned. And there
is equally no reason why these rather
pertinent facts should not be made to
penetrate even the most impenetrable
Congressional skulls.
There are few American politicians, even
among the most extreme isolationists, who
would care to have Secretary Marshall pin
upon them and their friends the public
responsibility for disaster to the United
States. If they fear any such result as that,
they are likely to come around.
As for Senator Vandenberg, his position
is more complex. Today, he stands above
politics. But he is still, by origin and train-
ing, a leader of the Republican party. His
isolationist Republican colleagues are hard
at work to make this conflict within Van-
denberg operate in their favor. Not long
ago, a semi-formal deputation of several
Senators waited upon him for this purpose,
headed by Senator C. Wayland Brooks of
Illinois.
Vandenberg made no terms with
Brooks. But neither did he give him the
rude answer he deserved. The reason was
the special, and extremely astute strategy
Vandenberg has adopted for the big fight.
On the one hand, in accordance with this
strategy he will retain his independence
of the Administration, in order to retain
his authority in his party. But on the
other hand, he will not yield on matters
of substantive principle.
This is the explanation of his reference
naf+1. PADnrlmv- etat- - -Vhlm - - h a


AT TI ER OF FACT:
Invisib le Witnesses

By IRVING JAFFE
WASHINGTON-It was difficult at the
time to feel the hard core of unreason
which lay beneath the words of Chairman
Seth Richardson of the President's new
Loyalty Review Board at a press conference
on the subject of loyalty of government em-
ployees.
His words were words of dignity, of so-
briety, words of much apparent reason.
They were carved out of a deep, friendly
voice, and they reached warmly around the
long conference table to the 50 or so re-
porters who were taking careful notes.
Richardson, a large gregarious man who
frequently made sweeping gestures, ex-
plained the new set-up which is de-
signed to prevent hasty and unwarianted
government loyalty firings. He pointed out
that suspected employes will be able to
appeal from disloyalty accusations at
three different stages-two levels of ap-
peal to be in the government agency
where the employe works and the final
review to be made by the top-level loyalty
board itself. An employe will be allowed
a hearing at each level, and he will be
able to use the services of an attorney
and call witnesses in his behalf. A de-
tailed letter of charges will be presented
to cmh suspected federal worker. Never
before, said Richardson, have government
employes been given such painstaking
protection against the whims and prej-
udices of their superiors or fellow work-
ers.
The soft modulated give-and-take of sober
questions and sincere, persuasive answers
blended with the dignity of the stately con-
ference room, where the late afternoon
darkness was deepening, and fortified the
sense of fairness of this democratic process
which was being explained.
After all, how could anyone say the new
procedure was a cover-up for a witch hunt?
Why, an employe can appeal three times be-
fore they put a black mark after his name.
And what about a chance to counter
War Is No Science
DESPITE the universality of military
principles, it is well to recall that war
still is and always has been an art, not
a science. It includes, adumbrates and
transcends all sciences. Yet military opera-
tions are not scientific. They cannot be
marshalled in the exact phalanx of equa-

specific charges? Plenty of chance. The sus-
pect is given a letter stating all the facts
against him. Well, nearly all-all the facts
the FBI feels are OK from the standpoint
of "national security."
Of course then, if the set-up is so emi-
nently fair, the employe is certainly al-
lowed to question the witnesses who have
supplied information about him to the
FBI? Well, no, the FBI can't reveal its
sources-in fact it can't reveal them even
to the loyalty board itself.
Then an employe can be fired because
of information supplied by a person un-
known to him, and equally unknown to the
review board? Yes, but that's perfectly al-
right, because the board has "entire con-
fidence" in the ability of the FBI to eval-
uate the reliability of its sources.
But don't the new rules say the FBI is
only to gather facts and not make any
decisions? Oh well, the FBI does have to.
decide on whether its sources are reliable
since no one else knows the identity of the
sources. Besides, the FBI is training special
agents to handle loyalty cases.
Then if it's the word of a suspected
employe against the word of an FBI-ap-
proved, but undisclosed, witness, the dis-
charke of the employe-and a life-long
black-balling of his reputation-may
hinge on the judgment of an FBI man
about an informant on whom nobody
else all along the line-neither the sus-
pect nor any of the appeal bodies-can
check?
But it all sounded so reasonable in that
room-and such an eminent board thought
so too.
It took only a little fresh air after the
hour-long press conference and a walk of a
few blocks to make the outer covering of
reasonableness peel off and expose the core
of cruel unreason.
IN ACTIVE THEATRES of World War II,
the rate of psychiatric casualties was two
or three times that of World War i. The
chief cause of the increase appeared to lie
in the fact that warfare was more terrify-
ing in World War II than ever before.
-Encyclopedia Britannica.

Publication in The Daily Official
Bulletin is constructivg notice to all
members of the University. Notices
for the Bulletin should be sent in
typewritten form to the office of the
Assistant to the President, Room 1021.
Angell Hall, by 3:00 p.m. on the day
preceding publication (11:00 a.m. Sat-
urdays).
* * *
Notices
Xn EDESIDAY, JANUARY 7, 1918
VOL. LVIII, No. 77
Faculty and Veteran Students:
Yib final date for the approval of
i-quisitions for the purchase of
boks, equipment and special sup-
plies will be Wednesday, Jan. T
Assembly, School of Forestry
and Conservation: 11 a.m, Thurs.,
Jan. 8, Rackham Amphitheatre.
All School of Forestry and Con-
:ervatiohi students not having
non-forestry conflicts are expect-
ed to attend.
Men living in approved rooming
houses who expect to move at the
end of this term should notify the
householder to that effect before
Thursday, Jan. 8.
All men interested in working as
Orientation Advisors for the
spring semester may register at
the Union Student Offices from
3-5 any afternoon this week.
Those accepted will receive two
meals per day during Orientation
week.
Effective immediately the Grad-
uate School Office will be open
from 8-12 noon and 1-4 p.m.,
week-days, and from 8-12 noon,
Saturdays.
Women Students: Regular week-
end rules apply for those who go
on the ski club trip the weekend
of Jan. 10.
Fraternity and Sorority Presi-
dents are reminded that monthly
membership reports for Decenber
should be turned in to the office
of Student Affairs, Rm, 3, Uni-
versity Hall, immediately.
Approved student sponsored so-
cial events for the coming week-
end: (afternoon functions are in-
dicated by an asterisk):
January 9
Alpha Omicron Pi, Phi Sigma
Kappa, Sigma Delta Tau, Theta
Xi.
January 10
Alpha Delta Phi, Alpha Kappa
Kappa, Alpha Phi Alpha, Delta
Signa Delta, Hinsdale House,
Lambda Chi Alpha, Michigan
Christian Fellowship, Phi Delta
Theta, Theta Chi, Theta Delta
Cli.
January 11
*Inter-racial Association, *Lith-
uanian Club, *Mary Markley
House.
Veterans: The Veterans Admin-
istration will conduct a subsist-
ence survey on Fri., Jan. 9. All
veterans who have not received
subsistence allowance due them
by that date are asked to report
to t)heir training officer in Rm.
100A, Rackham Bldg.

Veterans: All Public Law 16
veterans who expect to graduate
at the close of the current Fall
Semester must contact, personally,
their respective Training Officers
in Rm. 100A, Rackham Bldg., at
the earliest possible date.
Veterans attending school un-
der Public Law 16 are reminded
that reports of absence for the
Fall Semester are due the first
'lay of the final examination pe-
riod, Jan. 19. Absence report cards
may be mailed or brought to the
Veterans Service Bureau, Rm.
1514, Rackham Blde
When no report is on file, the
veteran's records are incomplete
and leave cannot be approved un-
til a statement from the institu-
tion is obtained by the student
ertiiying the amount of absence
charged to him.
Directed Teaching, Qualifying
Examination: All students expect-
ing to do directed teaching in 'the
spring ore required to pass a qual-
ifying examination in the subject
in which they expect to teach.
This examination will be held on
Sat., Jan. 10, 8:30 a.m., University
High School Auditorium. The ex-
amination will consume about
four hours' tume; promptness is
therefore essential. Please bring
bluebooks.
Recommendations for Depart-
mental Honors: Teaching depart-
nnts wishing to recommend ten-
tative February graduates from
the College of Literature, Science,
and the Arts, and the School of
Education for departmental hon-
ors should recommend such stu-
dents in a letter sent to the Regis-
trar's Office, Rm. 4, University
Hall, by 11 am., Feb. 5.
Attention February Graduates:
College of Literature, Science, and
the Arts, School of Education,
School of Music, School of Public
Health--students are advised not
to request grades of I or X in
Fcbruvry. When such grades are
absolutely imperative, the work
ust be made up in time to allow
your instructor to report th
make-up grade not later than 11
a.m., Feb. 5. Grades received after
that time may defer the student's
graduation until a later date.
Bowling -Women with men
guests:
The bowling alleys at the Wom-
en's Athletic Building will be open
from now until Jantiary 16 at the
following hours :
Tues., Wed., Thurs., 7:30 p.m. to
9:30 p.m.
Fri., 7:30 p.m. to 11 p.m.
Group reservations may be
made by calling 3-1511, extension
702. before 5:30 p.m.
The alleys will be closed during
the examination period.
Bureau of Appointments and
Occupational Information, 201
Mason Hall.
..Michigan State Civil Service will
have a representative here on
Monday, Jan. 12, to interview me-
chanical, civil, chemical, aeronau-
tical, and electrical engineers-all
levels. Salary range is from $280
(Continued on Page 7)

INTRODUCTION
The story behind the develop-
ment of the United States Nation-
al Student Association, formally
constituted at a recent Conven-
tion held on the University of Wis-
consin campus at Madison, is a
relatively simple, though interest-
ing one. The series of events that
led up to the holding of the Con-
stitutional Convention started in
New York City, when a group of
twenty-five American students
gathered before sailing to Europe
to take pait in the World Stu-
dent Congress at Prague, Czecho-
slovakia, in August, 1946. It was
at this Congress that the Interna-
tional Union of Students was for-
mnally launched.
Ten of these American students
had been elected by the student
bodies of ten universities such as
Fisk, Chicago, Harvard, Texas,
etc., and fifteen from national stu-
dent organizations, such as the
National Intercollegiate Christian
Council (YM-YWCA), the Na-
tional Federation of Catholic Col-
lege Students and the Newman
Club Federation, the American
Youth for Democracy, the Student
Federalists, the United States Stu-
dents' Assembly, etc. These stu-
dents in their discussion sessions
before sailing and while on the
boat began to realize that they
could not democratically represent
the students of American colleges
and universities to the students of
the world, even though they did
represent a rather wide cross sec-
tion. Thus the idea began to de-
velop of forming in America a
national organization based on
democratic representation of stu-
dents. At Prague this idea gained
strength when the delegates came
into contact with students repre-
senting national unions of stu-
dents in England and other coun-
tries of the world and contrasted
those with the complete absence
of anything comparable in the
United States. When the delegates
returned home they decided to call
a conference of American students
to sound out campus opinion on
the desirability of forming a na-
tional student organization.
The conference was held at the
University of Chicago, December
28-30, 1946. There over 700 dele-
gates, representing 800,000 stu-
dents of 300 colleges and univer-
sities, and 20 national student or-
ganlizations, discussed the aims
and pur'poses of the proposed US-
NSA and its organizational prin-
ciples, and decided to organize the
"United States National Student
Association." Also, the Chicago
Student Conference decided to
form, a National Continuations
Committee, whose duties were to
handle all the arrangements in
preparation for the Constitutional
Convention, including the draft-
ing of a proposed constitution.
This Continuations Committee
also operated through regional of-
fices in thirty geographical regions
of the United States.
The Constitutional Convention
of the United States National Stu-
dent -Association was held on the
campus of the University of Wis-
consin from August 30th to Sep-
tember 7th, 1947, and the organi-
zation that was launched there
gives the American college stu-
dent unprecedented representation
in the educational world. Some
750 delegates representing 1,389,-
000 students in 356 leading col-
leges and universities throughout
the United States worked day and
night in Madison to write the US-
NSA Constitution and plan the
dynamic and comprehensive pro-
gram of activities which is includ-
ed in this booklet. Fundamental
issues facing college students to-
day were placed on the floor of
the convention and after earnest,
and sometimes intense, debate
were resolved to the satisfaction
of the various groups and regions
coeerned. The aims and purposes

of the permanent USNSA are con-
tained in the preamble to the con-
stitution, with full explanation
and clarification in the by-laws
and panel reports. Permanent Na-
tional Officers and members of
the National Executive Commit-
tee were elected, and the list of
their names and addresses is also
contained in this booklet.
Although a number of existing
national youth groups similar to
those in attendance at the Chi-
cago Student Conference were
represented at the Constitutional
Convention, they will have neither
voting nor advisory representation
in the permanent USNSA. Only
the officially constituted student
governing bodies on the respective
campuses will send representa-
tives to the National Student Con-
gresses to be held each summer.
The Convention voted to begin
negotiations with the Internation-
al Union of Students for affilia-
tion on a non-political basis. The
full report of this action and the
"Statement to American Stu-
dents" are included in the sum-
mary report of the Panel on In-
ternational Student Activities. The
Convention voted to seek repre-

sentation on the United States
National Commission for UNESCO
(United Nations Educational, Si-
entific, and Cultural Organiza-
tion). This has been granted by
giving the USNSA one seat on the
national commission. It was also
voted that the USNSA be a spon-
sor of the World Student Service
Fund.
In a personal message to the
Constitutional Convention of the
USNSA, President Harry S. Tru-0
man wr'ote:
"The people of the United1
States have long manifested an
outstanding interest in higher ed-
ucation. Our colleges and univer-
sities are now crowded beyond
their capacities with an unpre-
cedented number of students, eag-
er to prepare themselves in the
best possible manner for meeting
the problems of the future. It is
a pleasure to send greetings to
the Constitutional Convention of
the National Student Association.
"Our faith in education requires
no apology or defense. We must,
however, make certain that the
programs of our eductional in-
stitutions serve most effectively
the needs of our democratic soci-
ety. We should therefore welcome
hopefully the formation of any
organization that has as one of its
prime objectives a constructive
effort to improve the quality of
the services in institutions of
higher education. I congratulate
your group on the opportunity
that lies before it. I trust that
the effort of the organization you
intend to form may always be di-
rected unselfishly toward improv-
ing the contributions that higher
education may make to the wel-
fare of our country and of man-
kind throughout the world."
CONSTITUTION
OF THE USNSA
We, the students of the United
SOtes of America, desiring to
maintain academic freedom and
student rights, to stimulate and
improve democratic student gov-
ernments, to develop better edu-
cational standards, facilities, and
teaching methods, to improve stu-
dent cultural, social, and physi-
cal welfare, to promote interna-
tional understanding and fellow-
ship, to guarantee to all people,
because of their inherent dignity
as individuals, equal rights and
possibilities for primary, second-
airy, and higher education regard-
less of sex, race, religion, politi-
cal belief or economic circum-
stance, to foster the recognition
of the rights and responsibilities
of students to the school, the
community, humanity, and God,
and to preserve the interests and
integrity of the government and
Constitution of the United States
of America, do hereby establish
this Constitution of the United
States National Student Associa-
tion.
ARTICLE I.
Name
A. The name of this organiza-
tion shall be the United States
National Student Association.
ARTICLE II.
Legislative Authority
A. The legislative body of the
USNSA shall be known as the Na-
tional Student Congress.
B. The Congress shall meet an-
naully during the summer vaca-
tion.
C. The Congress shall:
1. Accredit its own membership.
2. Enact all laws and by-laws
necessary to the proper function-
ing of the USNSA pursuant to
this Constitution.
3. Determine policies and pro-
grams,
4. Assess the members of the
USNSA in accordance with pro-
visions of the by-laws. Such as- i
sessments shall be collected by
the regions and forwarded to the
national office.

5. Determine and approve the
annual budget.
6. Nominate and elect the Ex-
ecutive Officers,
7. Create, or approve the crea-
tion of, all appointive offices.
8. Approve all appointments
made by the Executive Commit-
tee.

9. Approve all programs to be
undertaken in the name of the
USNSA, except as otherwise spe-
cified in this Constitution.
10. Impeach, suspend, or re-
move Executive Officers and ex-
pel or suspend member student
bodies by a two-thirds majority
vote, on the basis of the findings
of the Executive Committee.
11. Invalidate by a two-thirds
vote all decisions of both region-
al and national bodies of the
USNSA found to be in conflict
with this constitution.
12. Sustain or reject impeach-
ment actions of the Executive
Committee.
13. Exercise the final and su-
preme power of judicial review.
14. Exercise all otherpowers
not expressly prohibited to it by
this Constitution.
D. Membership in the Congress
shall include:
1. Representatives elected by
their entire student body.
a. When this is not feasible,
they shall be selected by the dem-
ocratically constituted student
government of their entire stu-
1--- 1, ..x

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BARNA...s

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F've been telling you, son, the Pixie NoI
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Let's go in and ask Mr. O'Malley, my
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