THE MICHIGAN DAILY 1 ~IjAl34igan Batty MATTER OF FACT: Americants tin Athl-ens BILL MAULDI - - -1 i I-ifty-Eighth Year Edited and managed by students of the Uni- versity of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Editorial Staff John Campbell.................Managing Editor Clyde Recht.......................City Editor Stuart Finlayson ................Editorial Director Eunice Mintz ....................Associate Editor Lida Dailes .......................Associate Editor Dick Kraus.......Sports Editor Bob Lent ..................Associate Sports Editor Joyce .)ohnon.................Women's Editor Betty Stewar d........ ,.Associate Women's Editor Joan de Carvajal ..................Library Director Business Staff Nancy Helmick.................General Manager Jeanne Swendeman......... Advertising Manager Edwin Schneider................Finance Manager Melvin Tick ..........:.......Circulation Manager Telephone 23-24-1 Member of The Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for re-publication of all new dispatches credited to it or otherwise credited in this news- paper. All rights of re-publication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Mich- igan, as second class mail matter. Subscription during the regular school year by carrier, $5.00, by mail, $6.00. Member, Assoc. Collegiate Press, 1947-48 Editorals published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. NIGHT EDITOR: HARRIETT FRIEDMAN Armament Race ALTHOUGI much of what Andrei Vish- insky saidin chastising eight Americans as war mongers can be dismissed, there is a core of truth running through his remarks. The plain fact is that war mongering has assumed astounding proportions recently. Walter Winchell in his most recent Sun- day evening broadcast said much to sub- stantiate the charge of "war monger" level- ed against him by Vishinsky. Using absurd analogies, Winchell con- cluded that the only way to insure peace is to build a strong army and navy so that others would not dare attack us. Arma- ment, however is not likely to continue long on a unilateral basis, for others are apt to eye such activities suspiciously and begin arming for themselves. Thus a colossal armament race is underway. Past experience has shown arms races to be singularly futile in preventing war. They have produced nothing but war, and it is difficult to believe that hereafter peace wil lensue as the result of building huge armies and navies. Winchell, in short, wants to repeat the bankrupt policies of the past to prevent the disaster caused by these policies. -Jacob Hurwitz Student Exchange CONGRESS PASSED the Fulbright Act in order that the benefits of American education could be extended to all the peo- ples of the world. A shrewd piece of legislation, the bill provides that foreign nations may pay off their war debts to the U.S. by contributions to a world scholarship fund. The money is used for the education of that nation's citi- zens in American universities and colleges. An important way of promoting world peace, the system bogged down when for- eign nations tried to scrape up the neces- sary funds. Like all other American goods purchases, those educations cost money - American dollars. Most nations - and Britain is a good example - are in serious financial straits. In dollars, they are broke! The number of foreign students en- rolled in our universities dropped 40 per cent this fall. Dollars had to go for im- mediately needed foods, machinery and clothing - not scholarships. Foreign students in American schools are needed by this world. Living and learning in a democratic society, they will learn the ways of a peaceful world of social and spiritual advancement. Any opportunity that we deny the world is bound to be offered in a melted-down ersatz version by Soviet Russia as a way of winning the world to what they label communism. Congress knows a good thing when it sees one - and still a way to get a return on our war investment. But the horse is hitched to the wrong end of the cart. We need a world of educated American university grad- uates more than we need the return on war investments. Investments would have had to have been made, even if there was no possibility of getting a return. A system of direct student exchange, augmented by the subsidization of addi- By JOSEPH ALSOPI ATHENS-On its craggy height above this ancient city, in unimaginable loveliness, stands the Parthenon, whose colonnades knew Pericles. In the bay below lies Salamis, where Themistocles tricked sluggish Sparta into the attack on the Persian ships. And at the mid-level between, amid the modern squalor of the King George Hotel, sits a former budget commissioner of the state of Pennsylvania, briskly dealing with the Greek budget as though he were back home in Harrisburg. It is an odd contrast, but one which accurately conveys the character of the American mission to Greece headed by Wh/at they jait1.. * About the Krug Report ANOTHER would-be barrier to European aid under the Marshall Plan collapsed Sunday. Interior Secretary Krug, weighing our resources against the Plan's proposed drain of 20 billions, gave the American economy a clean bill of health. But there were qualifications. In a 239-page report, Krug said that under the Plan, shortages here of wheat, steel, coal, nitrogen fertilizers and some industrial equipment would be intensified. But, he added, consumer-government-industry co- operation to save and sacrifice would become the keystone of effective aid, which would pay for itself in expanded markets for American industry. The nation's press wondered whether an aid program can be established with the "voluntary cooperation" of which Krug speaks, or whether wartime controls must be reinstituted. * * * THE ST. LOUIS POST DISPATCH finds the Krug report disappointing in its failure to recommend concrete means to achieve our aims. The Report's contention that aid to Europe will require no new allocations or control if we have nation- wide cooperation is open to further study. "That is a big 'if'," the POST DISPATCH comments. Some industries have cooperated admirably, others have faltered, it points out. "Secretary Krug has trimmed his sails to suit the wishes of industrialists who do not care to be disturbed by the emergency which the Marshall Plan is designed to meet. We think that this report is of a piece with the general attitude of our ad- ministration to express hopeful sentiments without giving them prompt and adequate implementation," the Post Dispatch says. * * * THE KANSAS CITY TIMES, on the other hand, declares that, "the controls are out-period! They are dead and no agita- tion by the remnants of the New Dealers can restore them to life. They would not be a solution to high prices, and would mean added bureaucracy and regimenta- tion of a kind that irritated the country to an intolerable degree after the war had ended." * * * THE NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE contends that "The most important point made in the study is that conserva- tion of natural resources and use of im- proved technological methods . . . can far outweigh the magnitude of a temporary drain that may be imposed by a pro- gram of foreign aid." The TRIBUNE sug- - gests that the implementation of the Mar- shall Plan will be a test for the American people, to see whether in these critical times they can endure slight sacrifices, which in the long run will be repaid with an economically sufficient and politically sound Europe. The success of our mission in maintaining democracy abroad, in the last analysis, will be tested in the "kitchens and dining rooms of the U.S." * * * SPRINGFIELD (Mass.) Republican contrasts the Krug Report with that of the congressional fact-finding committee, headed by Representative Herter, which re- cently returned from a tour of Europe. The Herter survey, as yet unpublished, will call for a cut of seven billions from the 20 bil- lion request of the Western European na- tions for Marshall Plan assistance, accord- ing to the Republican. This report, and not Krug's will presum- ably, "reflect the GOP majority reaction and for that reason seems certain to play a major role in shaping the final legis- lation required to make the Marshall Plan operative." * * *I THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE by-passing di- rect mention of the Krug Report, ques- tions instead the integrity of Secretary of State Marshall and the effectiveness of his aid program. After all says Col. McCormick'- editorial column, didn't Marshall play a key part in getting the U.S. into war by provok- ing the attack on Pearl Harbor? The American people are asked to cut' down on their diets to help Europe, "but for this we are credited with maltruism, (a word the good Colonel apparently invented for the occasion) on the continent or in the British Isles. We receive no benefit from former Governor Dwight Griswold of Ne- braska. And it is crucially important to un- derstand the character of the American ef- fort here, if only because it indicates how deeply, completely and inescapably we have become involved in the political affairs of Europe. The facts are, quite literally, staggering in their implications. To begin at the be- ginning, the present Greek government of Premier Themistocles Sophoulis is American - made. Ambassador Lincoln MacVeagh, Governor Griswold and the chief of the State Department's Middle- Eastern Division, Loy Henderson, had to intervene rather forcefully to secure its prevented the selection of a government formation. Their intervention directly of the extreme right, and secured agree- ment on the present Cabinet represent- ing all parties except the Communists. As originally prepared, the new Greek budget amounted to a little less than four trillion drachmae. The Greek revenues amount to about two trillion drachmae. In the present situation in Greece, bal- ancing the budget is the only means to prevent further and absolutely crippling inflation. The Griswold mission has as- sumed responsibility for balancing the budget. It comes as something of a shock to find Americans performing this sort of role in all the major spheres of Greek government- al activity. The men who compose the Gris- wold mission are chiefly former state of- ficials or business men or Federal civil ser- vants. They are utterly unchanged by their transplantation to an unfamiliar environ- ment. They are even untroubled by their lacl of experience in foreign affairs. And this is natural, and indeed unharmful. All of them are thoroughjly experienced in practical affairs at home. They understand the job they have to do, and they are doing it. Your reporter asked one of them whether he did not find it difficult always to be deal- ing with politicians and officials of another country. "Well," he said calmly, "I haven't no- ticed much difference between the people I work with here and the people round the state house back home. If they're up to anything here the state house crowd haven't thought of, I'll be damned sur- prised." What is ngre important, the Greek lead- ers accept and appear pleased by this de- cidedly novel approach. The war left Greece economically disorganized and politically in chaos. All wise men have long known what ought to be done. But no individuals or groups have had the strength to do it. The men removed from the padded governmental pay rolls may be displeased. But the major- ity are happy to have the Americans use the leverage of their position to accomplish what is obviously necessary. It is infuriating that our Greek effort should be endangered, as usual, by the old errors of too little and too late. It is a source of deep pride that quite average Americans, laboring under the greatest -difficulties, should be accomplishing so much. Finally, however, it is a cause for alarm that the United States has assumed these vast responsibilities overseas with- out quite grasping that such burdens, once picked up, cannot be laid down again. (Copyright, 1947, New York Herald Tribune) The Iron Railing A RECENT ISSUE of The New Yorker highlighted the little-known fact that our much-prized freedom of the press bids fair to become the latest martyr to the wave of mass hysteria, the "bogey man" complex about Communism. The "iron curtain" of censorship that hangs over the edge of eastern Europe has long been deplored by American journalists. Sigma Delta Chi, an honorary journalistic fraternity, reported to the United Nations on the need for removing all barriers to the free exchange of information. All this is the best American tradition of a free press. However, the American press seems to have overlooked its salutary function as a vigilant critic of government in regard to the recent activities of the State Depart- ment in the sphere of journalistic action. A French correspondent for a Communist newspaper in Paris was granted a visa to cover the United Nations Assembly sessions here on condition that he remain in the UN site area for the duration of his stay in this country. The iron curtain has become an iron railing, and the American press has had very little to say about it. The New York Times, for example, buried this infor- mation on page eighteen in an article which certainly understated the facts. Not only has the press fallen short in its obligations to the reading public, but it is imperilling its own free existence by its tacit approval of this official infringement of liberty. And just because the man is a Communist! Once more, the force of poli- tical considerations has prevailed over the cause of personal freedom.- -Pat James HITt-i1N 7\NYQ'i M - F~ ,.&F \ --c * t ix'\t ยง' \ ' 'I.i -