PAGE FOUR

THE MICHIGAN DAILY

SATIUDAY, OCTOER 18, 1iM7

I

., n .


Fifty-Eighth Year

I'D RATHER BE RIGHT:
The Road to Peace

DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN

Letters to the Editor.

By SAMUEL GRAFTON
M R. CHURCHILL says he doesn't think
Russia wants war. This is comforting,
and Mr. Churchill even has a theory with
which to back up his opinion. He says if
Eussia were planning war she wouldn't be
as belligerent as she now is; she would be
trying to soothe us into false security with
sweet words. It is pleasant to hear from a
man of vast experience in large affairs
that Russia wants peace.
But at this point something peculiar
happens in Mr. Churchill's speech. Does
he, having established that Russia prob-
ably wants peace, go on and suggest that
we make peace, that we propose a plan
for peace, or a conference leading toward

Edited and managed by students of the Uni-
versity of Michigan under the authority of the
Board in Control of Student Publications.
Editorial Staff
John Campbell...................Managing Editor
Clyde Recht ..........................City Editor
Stuart Finlayson ................Editorial Director
Eunice Mintz ....................Associate Editor
Lida Dailes.....................Associate Editor
Dick Kraus......................... Sports Editor
Bob Lent.................Associate Sports Editor
Joyce Johnson..................Women's Editor
Betty Steward...........Associate Women's Editor
Joan de Carvajal ..................Library Director
Business Staff
Nancy Helmick.................General Manager
Jeanne Swendeman......... Advertising Manager
Edwin Schneider................Finance Manager
Melvin Tick.................Circulation Manager
Telephone 23-24-1
Member of The Associated Press
'The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the use for re-publication of all new dispatches
credited to it or otherwise credited in this news-
paper. All rights of re-publication of all other
matters herein also reserved.
Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Mich-
igan, as second class mail matter.
Subscription during the regular school year by
carrier, $5.00, by mail, $6.00.
Member, Assoc. Collegiate Press, 1947-48
Editorials published in The Michigan Daily
are written by members of The Daily staff
and represent the views of the writers only.
NIGHT EDITOR: ARTHUR HIGBEE

II

It Seems to Me

+Conservation
Apathy
THE FOOD CONSERVATION PROGRAM
so hopefully announced by the Citizens'
Food Committee has met with apathy, in-
difference, and occasional opposition among
Ann Arbor's general population. Grocery
stores buy meat, poultry and eggs on a week-
ly basis; it's up to retail buyers to do any
conserving to be done, and if reactions here
duplicate the normal reaction of Americans,
further rneasures will be necessary.
The lack of enthusiasm engendered by
Luckman's public-spirited proposals is not
solely a matter of generosity. Most people,
evenythough aware of the grim situation in
Europe, are not moved to do anything about
it personally.
In addition, although starving Europeans
may not be aware of it, there is a presidential
election not very far in the offing. Political
considerations are determining Congress' de-
cision as to the need for a special session,
as well as being a dominant factor in Wash-
ington thinking about the whole European
dilemma.
These facts are a poor commentary on
American democratic procedures, and an
indication of the confused, timid political
and economic thinking which is blocking
every effort towards peace. But facts are
facts, and much as we may deplore them,
we've got to do something about them -
and fast.
Stringent rationing of important staples
is an immediate necessity.
Free enterprise is all very well, but when
it means the freedom to go your own way
and Europe be damned, it's not freedom,
it's suicide. Curbs must be imposed on the
American appetite, including the appetite
of livestock. Rigid controls are needed now
to lower prices and to make available food
for the lack of which Europe will starve
this winter.
Americans don't know what starvation
is - few of them have felt the gnawing
hunger which is part of the daily lives of
the millions in Europe. Hunger of this sort
reduces men to the state of animals; intel-
ligence is dulled, morals are forgotten, and
the primordial instincts of self-preservation
take over.
When men are living by instinct, all hopes
for reasonable or idealistic behavior are
worthless. Unless prompt and effective ac-
tion is taken, it won't matter whether Eur-
ope is dominated by Communists or con-
servatives - the U.S. will be dealing with
animal behavior abroad, and the word peace
will disappear from our vocabularies.
How anyone who realizes the full import
of these facts can hesitate to advocate ra-
tioning or hedge about "voluntary" pro-
grams is more than I can understand. Un-
less all of us do everything in our power to
urge immediate and effective control mea-
sures, Congress will forego a special session
and we might as well start lining up for
uniforms.
-Phil Dawson

THE RECENT DECISION of the Soviet
Government to reestablish the Comintern
raises the interesting question of whether or
not the original Comintern was ever abol-
ished, as the Russians led us to believe back
in the days when our supplies were making
the difference between Russia's victory and
defeat at the hands of Hitler's armies.
During my past year in Berlin I made
the acquaintance of a Soviet captain serv-
ing as a government correspondent. Since
he spoke excellent English, we had a num-
ber of lengthy conversations concerning the
impending break between the East and West,
the Soviet objections to American foreign
policy, and above all what the Soviets want-
ed out of Europe. In view of recent develop-
ments in the U.N. and in European diplo-
macy, I cannot help but remember what this
Russian captain told me one day last March:
"The Soviet Government is not interested
in imposing communism on other countries
of the world because we feel that each
country has economic and social problems
peculiar to itself. For that reason we do
our utmost to promote understanding in
other countries, but we leave it entirely to
each of them to work out their own prob-
lems according to the system which is most
satisfactory to its people."
One must admit that this "wonderful
freedom of decision" sounds good on paper
or even in words, but when it's put to the
test of actual practice, the color changes to
a bright red, and the hammer and sickle
become silhouetted against it. How about
Greece? Oh Yes, the Soviets claim they are
doing nothing to promote the revolution in
that last remaining outpost of democracy in
the Balkans. The same "washing of hands"
is done in the Chinese civil war where the
communist troops threaten to make of that
rich land a stronghold for Russian influence
in the Far East. In the case of Italy and
France, the leader of each country's com-
munist party was trained throughout the
war in the Kremlin for the purpose of bring-
ing those borderline countries into the Sovi-
et orbit in our present post-war period.
Perhaps one of the best examples of Sovi-
et plans for Europe can be seen in Berlin
where we in Military Government could ob-
serve the situation first hand. In the case
of Berlin civil government, the four occu-
pation powers supposedly have equal rights
and the city officials are to be chosen in free
elections.
The pressure exerted by the three Western
Allies forced the Soviets to submit to a pop-
ular election, but they still were confident
of winning because of the neat political
trick they had used successfully in their zone
of occupation. Their idea was to bring about
the merger of the Social Democratic party,
the strongest of the four major parties
in Germany, and the communist party, thus
paving the way for a major victory in which
communist minority of the merged parties
would grab control and seat its members.
A neat trick if worked out, but the Soviets
forgot one most important factor: the
methods they were accustomed to using in
their zone to bring about the merger of the
two parties did not scare the Berliners into
submission because here the Social Demo-
cratic party was protected and maintained
as an independent party by the Western
Allies who were determined that this elec-
tion would be free in our sense of the term.
The result was a great victory for the
socialists and an emphatic denunciation
of the communist rule by the German peo-
ple. The significance of this election lies
in the fact that given free elections, the Ger-
mans showed their dissatisfaction with a
communist government.
When faced with this fact my Russian
friend attempted to ease out of the situation
by claiming that in other parts of Germany
the people have learned the advantages of
having a socialist and communist merger
party, but he failed to elaborate on the
methods of teaching employed by the Soviet
army of occupation to insure that such les-
sons are learned. This situation exists not
only in Germany, but throughout the Bal-

kans and Eastern Europe.
In view of these instances one cannot keep
from smiling when he remembers the dis-
solution of the Comintern and now the an-
nouncement that "information bureaus"
have been established in certain Eastern
capitols. Call them information bureaus or

peace? Oh no; nothing like that. He coun-
sels that we go along pretty much as
we are now doing. Even if Russia there-
upon walks out of the United Nations, he
says, we could still hope for peace because
our side would be so much stronger than
the other.
Mr. Churchill's peace speech, in a strange
way, pretty nearly forecloses the hope of
peace by agreement. If he doesn't trust
Russia now, when (he says) she wants
peace, when will he trust her? Surely not
when she drops her tough attitude, be-
cause then, by his own formula, he will
really be alarmed.
We can't make peace with Russia when
she is being stubborn, because she is being
stubborn, and we can't make peace when
she is being compliant, because then she
is probably covering up war preparations.
In short, no peace. Those who accept Mr.
Churchill's view may confidently be expected
to drop dead of terror should Russia ever
make a conciliatory gesture.
Mr. Churchill's speech is all about peace,
yet it amounts to an attempted philosoph-
ical demonstration that a negotiated
peace, a peace by consent, is impossible.
It is an exact counterpart of those Soviet
scripts in which it is "demonstrated" that
America is bound to be a warmongering
nation because it is capitalist. Since Amer-
ica is going to go right on being capitalist,
so far as the eye can see, this becomes
an argument that America will never
make peace; can't by nature and defini-
tion.
So both sides wave hope away, throw hope
away, with a prodigality worthy of a better
cause.
Each is even forgetting how it sounds to
the other. Russians do not disdain to say
that capitalism inevitably means war. But
if an American statesman were to say that
Communism inevitably means war, Russia
would fly into a three-days' pageant of en-
raged protest.
And Mr. Churchill says the road to
peace is for our side to be militarily
stronger than the other. But if a Russian
were to say that the way to peace was
for Russia to be militarily stronger than
America, we (and Mr. Churchill) would
lift hands helplessly in horror at the out-
rageous remark.
See the pretty theories, flying through
the air, and is that red stuff on them blood,
daddy? 
The man of good will must refrain from
joining in this game; he will refrain from
showing signs of mock horror at the dis-
covery that the two sides are very dif-'
ferent. He will hold to the belief that it is
better for a theory to die than for a man.
He will believe also that theories follow
the event, and that if we once succeeded
in making peace, we would have a whole
new set of theories about the essential
nature of America and Russia, quite the
contrary of those currently being peddled.
He will ask for peace, suggest peace, request
peace plans of both sides. And he will con-
sider that in their reactions to such requests,
both sides will reveal their essential naA
tures far more clearly and authoritatively
than through the medium of any of today's
angry disquisitions.
(Copyright, 1947, N.Y. Post Syndicate)
Grade Distribution
MANY DEPARTMENTS of the University
follow the theory of apportioning grades
in their large elementary courses on the
basis of a normal curve of distribution of
student grades in past years. This basis
is probably valid in grading courses taken
by around a thousand students each semes-
ter, but when extended to courses cortain-
ing less than 300 students, this method is
quite fallible.

The instructors in an elementary course
in the University containing perhaps 250
students, have been told by the head of that
department that they "will not go wrong" if
they aim at giving their students 10 per cent
A's and 35 per cent B's, in accordance with
the normal grade distribution in that course
for the past few years.
In an average class, this grade scale would
be applicable. It happens, nevertheless, that
the quality of student work differs from se-
mester to semester, with the ability of those
taking the course and the superior ability
of the instructor.
In the event an instructor had an espec-
ially intelligent group of students, he would
go wrong in apportioning grades according
to the grade scale advised. Were he to have
a rather backward group of student, he
could also "go wrong" in giving them high-
er marks than the quality of their work
justified.
Surely, in smaller classes, it is better for
the instructor to grade the students for the
quality of their own work, and not for the
work done in the course in previous years.
-Fran Ivick

Pubicattora in The Daily Official M
Bulletin is constructive notice to all .C
members of the Universty. Notices
for the Bulletin should be sent in'
typewritten form to the office of the S
Assistant to the President Room 1021 p
Angel Hall, by 300 p~m. on the day V
preceding publlgation (11:00 a.m. Sat-
urdays).
SATURIDAY.' OCTOEER 18, 1947 C
VOL. LVIII No. 23 L
t
Notices
Assembly School of Forestry s
and Conservation: Rackham Am-
phitheatre, 10 a.n., Mon., Oct.
20. Mr. Courtland B. Mani-
fold, who is in charge of the for-
estry work of the Soil Conserva-
tion Service, will speak on the ac-
tivities of that senrice. All stu-
dents in the School who do not
have nonforestry conflicts are ex-~
pected to attend.'
A
s
Applications for Rhodes Schol- S
arships: Because of a misunder-E
standing, acceptance of Rhodes
Scholarship applications will be
continued until Monday noon,
Oct. 20. Applications should be
handed in at Rm. 2024, AngellC
Hall.I
Library Tour for Graduate Stu-V
dents: Saturday, Oct. 18, gradu-
ate students of the University willE
be taken on a trip through theC
General Library by members of p
the staff. The tour will start at n
10 a.m., Rm. 110, first floor, Gen- s
eral Library near the West en-o
trance.
Teacher's Certificate Candi- I
dates: The Teacher's Oath will be
given to all February candidates I
for the teacher's certificate on Oc-t
tober 23 and 24 between the hours
of 8-12 and 1:30-4:30 in Rm. 1437,
U.E.S.
Faculty, College of Literature,
Science, and the Arts: The fresh-s
man five-week progress reportsI
will be due Saturday, Oct. 25, inE
the office of the Academic Coun-
selors, 108 Mason Hall.1
Identification cards: Any stu-P
dent who handed in a stamped,
self-addressed envelope will re-'I
ceive his card in the mail the first
part of the week of Oct. 20. tr
All other cards will be distrib-
uted from the booths outside Rm.
2, University Hall, according to
the following schedule:
Wednesday, Oct. 22-A-K
Thursday, Oct. 23-L-Z
Friday, Oct. 24-A-Z
Those students who have re-
ceived post cards for appoint-
ments Monday and TuesdayI
should have their pictures retaken
on these two days.
Applications for Admission to
the Graduate School for the Sec-
ond Semester: Students in other
schools and colleges who will
graduate, and who may wish to
enter the Graduate School the
second semester, must submit
their applications for admission
by December 15 in order to be
given consideration. The crowded
condition in the University has
placed limitations upon the num-
ber that may be admitted.
Use of Restricted Parking Areas:
Parking areas on campus which
are designated as "RESTRICTED
TO THOSE HOLDING PER-
MITS," are to be used only by per-
sons displaying the parking tag.
It is to be noted that a student
driving permit is not a parking
permit, and consequently does not
carry with it the right to use those
areas.
Beginning Monday, Oct. 20,
penalties will be imposed upon
those individuals Whose cars are
found parked in Restricted Areas
without the proper parking tag
displayed.

Lectures
University Lecture:
Professor Pierre Lavedan, of the
Department of History of Artof
the Sorbonne, will lecture on the
subject, "Contemporary Problems
of Urbanism in France" (illus-
trated; in French), at 4:15 p.m.,
Mon., Oct. 20, Rackham Amphi-
theatre; auspices of the Depart-
ment of Fine Arts. The public is
invited.
Academic Notices
Preliminary Ph.D. Examinations
in Economics will be held during
the week beginning Monday, Nov.
3. Each student planning to take
these examinations should leave
with thensecretary of the depart-
ment, not later than Thursday,
Oct. 23, his name, the three fields
in which he desires to be exam-
ined, and his field of specializa-
tion.

on., Oct. 20, 4:15 p.m., Rm. 303,
hemistry Bldg. Dr. R. W. Parry P
ill speak on "New Methods of c
tudy of Coordination Com- o
ounds." All interested are in- w
iced. e.
W
3
Speech 113, 114, 143, and 147: o
lasses that are scheduled in the t
aboratory Theatre will meet hI
ie Temporary Classroom Build-
ng begining today. This build-
sg is located in back of the
realth Service. Classrooms are as- '
igned as follows:
113, Sec. 1-Room 240 ti
113,Sec. 2-Room 252 0o
113, Sec. 3-Room 240 it
114-Room 252 t
143--Room 240 I
147--Room 240 I
Stochastic Processes Seminar: a
don.. Oct. 20, 4:30 p.m., Rn. 3010, l
kngell Hall. Prof. Kaplan will v
peak on "Probability in Function d
pace." d
GOB-- GALLEY 1 Gauss
n1
Concerts g
Patrice Munsel, Metropolitanm
)pera soprano, assisted by StuartB
Ross at the piano, and Bettyl
Wood, flutist, will give the open-
'ng concert in the Second Annual t
Extra Concert Series on Saturday, i
)ct. 18, 8:30 p.m. She will sing ao
program of arias and songs by d
Mozart, Benedict, Poldowski, Mas-
enet, Sandoval Bayly, Rachmani-
off, and Liebling.
A limitednumber of tickets are
available at the offices of the
University Musical Society in r
Burton Memorial Tower, up to
Boon Saturday; and after 7 o'clockh
Saturday night at the Hill Audi-~
torium box office.-
Exhibitions C
Biology of the Bikini Atoll, Mar-0
shall Islands, 1946, Department ofn
Botany, 2nd floor, Natural Sci-t
ence Bldg. through October 18.-
Museum of Art: MODERNp
HANDMADE JEWELRY, from thep
Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1
through Oct. 19; FINE ARTS UN-n
DER FIRE, through October 20.e
Alumni Memorial Hall: Daily, ex-s
cept Monday, 10-12 and 2-5; Sun-t
day, 2-5; Wednesday evening,C
7-9. The public is cordially in-I
vited.d
Events Today r
Lutheran Student Association:f
Hay-Ride Party, leaving the Stu-e
dent Center, 1304 Hill Streetc
promptly at 8 p.m.
Coming Events
Carillon Recital: Sunday, Oct.
19, 3 p.m., by Percival Price, Uni-
versity Carillonneur. Program: Le
Carillon de Zythere, Andante,
Petit Moulins a vent, Soeur Mo-
nique, Les Moissonneurs, by Cou-r
perm; Fantaisie 6 for Carillon,
composed by Professor Price; and
seven Scotch, folk songs.
Sigma Rho Tau, speech society:k
Tues., Oct. 21, 7:15 p.m., Michigan
Union. Circle training will begin
with practice in Wrangling.
Phi Kappa Sigma: 8 p.m., Mon.,
Oct. 20, Rm. 323, Michigan Union.
Kappa Phi: Pledging, Sun., Oct.
19, 3 p.m., Methodist Church
Sanctuary. All actives are expect-
ed to be present.
Churches
First Presbyterian Church:
Morning Worship, 10:45 a.m.
Sermon, "Between Humans," by
Dr. Lemon.
The Westminster Guild meets

at 5 o'clock in the Social Hall for
a Student panel discussion on Re-
ligion in an Atomic Age." Supper
served following the meeting.
First Congregational:
10:45 a.m., Annual Laymen's
Service. "The Christian's Atti-
tude in These Times," by Dr.
Dwight Long.
6:00 p.m., Student Guild supper
meeting. Speaker, Rev. James
Mead, "Lifts For Living."
Memorial Christian Church
(Disciples of Christ): Morning
Worship, 10:50 a.m. Nursery for
children during the service. Ser-
mon by Rev. F. E. Zendt.
Student Guild. Supper, 6 p.m.,
Congregational Church.
Roger Williams Guild:
10:00 a.m., Bible School at the
Guild House. The study of Gala-
tians will be continued.
11:00 afn., Church service. Ser-
mon, "God's World," by Rev. C. H.
Loucks.
6:00-8:00 p.m., Roger Williams1
Guild. A student panel will pre-

ITOR'S NOTE: Because The Daily
rints every letter to the editor re-
eived (which is signed, 300 words
r less in length, and in good taste)
e remind our readers that the views
xpressed in letters are those of the
writers only. Letters of more than
04 words art' shortened, printed or
initted at the diretion 0f the ed-
Co ii director.
xttracts
Co the Editor:
THIS EPSTLE is in the way
of assuming my divine obliga-
ion to those infallible leaders of
ur student body: the deans. I feel
imperative to bring their atten-
ion to a horrifying situation now
unning rampant in Ann Arbor.
am referring to those insidious
extract"-flavored drinks known
s "milk shakes," which are open-
y dispensed in clear and flagrant
iolation of the conduct rules laid
own under the "divine right of
leans."
These so-called extracts (va-
illa, lemon, etc.) contain alco-
lol! Heavens-to-betsey, goodness
racious, milk shakes are nothing
rore or less than ALCOHOLIC
BEVERAGES. Will these depraved
omes of debauchery and vice, the
rug stores, be allowed to con-
inue this vicious practice of sell-
ng milk shakes. As a charter
member of the student chapter
Af the WCTU (male auxiliary), I
demand it be stopped!
-George Hoppin.
* C. *
Beside the Point
To the Editor:
THE MALOY - MYDA - Shaffer
discussion is interesting but
argely beside the point (almost
as though Maloy's critics were
members of MYDA-. The point is
that Mr. Shaffer is a Communist.
Communists are not members of
a political party supporting a dem-
ocratic government; they are first
malcontents whose primary aim is
the overthrow of democratic pro-
cesses (See Eastern Europe.) They
loudly proclaim their democratic
principles only to further their
program to eliminate them. In
theory they are for the common
man, in practice, (in Russia, for
example) the leaders do not show
such high mindedness but live in
the gravy-as you find in any land
Communists subscribe to force,
lies, hatred and to any kind of
dirty fighting. They might con-
quer the world someday but you
can't keep a good man-the com-
mon man-down. They might but
for our Maloys and all the other
elements of a free country-in-
cluding themselves.
-Justin P. Ordway.
* * I
Academic Freedom
To the Editor:
ACADEMIC FREEDOM, like an
other freedom, has been won
over many years of struggle with
schooladministrations, public ig
norance, and state and loca
Boards of Education. It is seldom
that we think of academic free
dom except when we are shocke
into awareness by. the banning o
some student organization, th
barring of some professor fo
"subversive thoughts," or the cen
soring of textbooks for preaching
"radical" ideas. But often enougi
violations of academic freedom
stand, for want of an arouse
student body or faculty, or fo
want of some organization whic
can coordinate scattered studen
protests when violations occur.
Today, the second Academi
Freedom Conference will be meet
ing to discuss the setting up oft
central organization to handle ed
ucation about and violations of ac
ademic freedom. The Studen
League for Industrial Democrac
as a participant in the first con
ference takes this opportunity t
urge ALL campus organizations t
send delegates, observers, or rep
resentatives to the Saturday con

ference. AN EFFICIENT ORGAN
IZATION MUST BE MADE U
OF GROUPS WHOSE MAJO)
INTERESTS LIE ON THE. CAM
PUS! If the student organizatio
and independent students are s
little concerned with Academi
Freedom as to unthinkingly boy
sent "The Essence of Christiar
ity."
Lutheran Student Association:
5:30 p.m., Zion Lutheran Paris
Hall. Supper, 6 p.m. Program
The play, "The Trial of Mi:
L.S.A." will be given by membe:
of the Association..
Church worship services, 10:
a.m., Zion and Trinity Luthera
Churches.
University Lutheran Chapel:
Services, 9:45 and 11:00 a.i
Sermon, "Transient Opportunity
by the Rev. Alfred Scheips.
Gamma Delta, Lutheran St
dent Supper Meeting, 5:30 p.m.
(continued on Page 5)

cott this conference, there is little
hope that the resulting organiza-
tion will be an effective expression
of student and faculty interest in
the subject. SLID makes this re-
quest of the student body and fac-
ulty: Be at the Michigan Union
as observiers or delegates! Without
the full participation of all ele-
ments on campus, a constructive
program for academic freedom
cannot be democratically formu-
lated.
-Robert J. Miller.
* * *
Conference Today
To the Editor:
CADEMIC FREEDOM is vital
for a constructive education.
However, coexistent with this
freedom, giving it meaning, there
must be student interest in polit-
ical organizations, and in ac-
ademic freedom itself. When the
issue first became prominent last
year, most students expressed in-
dignation. Of these students, the
vast majority had never tried to
exercise the freedom which they
suddenly prized so highly. Even
students with no over-all polit-
ical opinions, no inner desire to
fight for any other cause have
no excuse for not participating
to the fullest extent possible in
the conference to be held today
at the Union. Here is an issue
upon which all students can agree.
Here is a chance for the students
to prove that they want academic
freedom not only because it is a
high sounding phrase, but also be-
cause they mean to exercise it.
Here is your chance to shatter
the myth of the academic ivory
tower by taking a firm stand on
a vital issue. Lack of participa-
tion by organized, independent, or
interested students will mean that
the conference has failed and
that future violations will be, for
all practical purposes, ignored.
-David I. Segal.
World Federalists
To the Editor:
IN A RECENT letter to the edi-
tor a student made the follow-
ing points: World Federalists are
currently concealing a "realistic"
question which is "is another war
justified in achieving World gov-
ernment?" Then the writer weighs
the pros and cons of an imme-
diate and "quick" war started by
the non-Soviet world as a means
to get world government. He seems
to favor slightly the affirmative "I
see more logic in the first argu-
ment"; finally the writer expresses
the belief that "there will be an-
other war sooner or later" and
that a world government is not
an immediate panacea."
Let us remark first that his first,
statement "Are we ready to go to
war to establish a world state?"
implies that establishing a-world
igovernment would be cause of an
z otherwise avertable conflict--a
contention which he denies him-
1 self when he' is dead sure that
n there will be another war in any
- case. The writer may have meant
d that world government can be the
f immediate cause of a war-the
e question would then be of the
r kind of the famous "shall we fight
- for Danzig?" and equally mean-
g ingless.
h Th}e writer stresses that should
a world government be achieved
d while Russia refused to join, a
r "further polarization" of the na-
h tions of the world would result.
t It is suggested that polarization
must be the result of something,
c not a cause in itself: let us assume
- that Russia' did not ratify a world
a charter otherwise endorsed by
- the governments of the rest of
- the world. What would that
t mean? It would mean among
y other things that economical ex-
- changes which take place between
o the U.S. and the countries trading

;o with her would fall under inter-
- national regulations. The U.S.
- would abandon the possibility she
- has now of exerting any kind of
P pressure incident upon economic
relations. Politically it would mean
s the transfer of a portion of an
is actual international power to
0 other countries. If then polariza-
c tion was imputable to the "pre-
ferred" position of the U.S. a
world government, even partial
L- (with Russia) would hinder it,
If by polarization the writer does
not mean the centralization of
power in two poles say Washing-
.h ton and Moscow, but more gener-
a: ally the opposition of two camps
ss h'e is implying that something
rs else than the reality of American
power or the trend of American
3 policy is 'rcause for the "polariza-
.n tion"; he may think that Russia
is responsible for it. But then Rus-
sia's policy would be independent
of the establishment or non-estab-
. lishment of a world government
and could not be held responsible
for bringing about war, provided
u- it were not intended as a tool
at against Russia and provided that
was made clear. Let us notice in-
- cidentally that a partial world
government would not properly
speaking achieve a unity of the
military (within its own borders)
for that unity already exists.
To suim up : Polarizationwheth-


4

Chemistry

Physical

Seminar:

BARNABY ...

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F ? ' "'1 C' I