pr-THE MTCtT(i7ANTDXya 544 u 5 s s.~r..a3 5~..a.... I .1~iUfl1V I(i~VU Oft 1AAI~ * -a~ .'5.4~.~aVAAP54AI~ ~ .LjZV i i1L 1 1.1Vi1ll)"t11" lJ'l'11L1 ' ' 1 i' AVAAY.3i i XPEAl r iVAJ )GIL AUK 1;1'lti y. Profits in 1947? THE BOMBARDMENT of press releases by labor unions for a general wage in- crease aimed at influencing public opinion has begun. In the past this has usually been the harbinger of a wave of strikes which often threatens to tear down the entire national econZomic structure. And there is 'no rea- son to believe the case will be any different this time. However, little attention is usually paid to the counter statements issued by manage- ment in their defense. One of the most significant of these is a statement issued last week by George Romney, general man- ager of the Automobile Manufactures As- sociation, in answer to the Nathan Wage Report issued by the CIO. Romney, in voicing some economic truths, contends that experience during the past year has shown that further increases in wages will result in higher costs and higher prices which would inevitably mean fewer customers and unemployment. T$ back this up, Romney states, "Despite the optimistic profits forecasts of a year ago, including the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion Report made by the au- thor of the Nathan report, who was at that time operating within the Government, and Editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. the Wallace report which was eventually repudiated, the companies manufacturing automobiles, as a group, suffered an oper- ating loss of $135,000,000 for the first nine months of 1946 and a net loss, after tax refunds, of $5,500,000. Some companies suffered greater proportionate losses than others. Next year there will be no tax refunds to offset operating losses." Thus, Romney feels, such national fore- casting as that done by the CIO completely disregards the fact that, in our profit and loss economy, even in the most prosperous times, many firms and even whole indus- tries are losing money. Romney concludes that profits made by some industries and firms should play no part in determining the wages to be paid by specific firms in the same or other in- dustries that are operating at a loss, or at a marginal profit level. He states that high wages can only by paid where there are adequate and continuing profits and there can be no security for workers when there are no profits. From this, it can be assumed that the impending wage conflict hinges on whether manufacturers can afford a wage increase without a corresponding price increase based on an estimate of high profits in 1947. But there is no adequate proof that these profits will be made next year, and there are indi- cations that the UAW is already girding for a strike in the automobile industry with the Chrysler workers as the standard bearer. Certainly even a less disastrous strike than the General Motors strike would wipe out the profits which the Nathan report as- sumes as a fact for 1947. -Clyde Recht IGT EDITOR: MARY RUTH LEVY r1111 11 r1Yi l IQA Prosperity, It's Here PRESIDENT TRUMAN received yesterday a report from the Council of Economic Advisors, predicting long range prosperity but warning of a "deep depression" if the government, labor and management do not plan to hold the inevitable recession in check. This report will be used as basis for a Truman message to Congress in January. The latter will be referred to a joint Senate- House committee, probably headed by Sen- ator Taft, and dominated of course by a Republican majority. The joint committee will provide the stage for whatever counter-program Taft & Co. may have to offer the nation. It will be up to the Republicans to state the economic policy according to which they intend to lead us for the next two years. Under the Employment Act of 1946, Congress requires that the President must submit a -specific program at the outset of each session, and the joint committee is bound to act on this program within three weeks of receiving it. The point of the preliminary report that came out yesterday seems to be that the nation will "have time" for a gala, jam- boree prosperity for the next year or two, but that unless Congress and the Presi- dent get together on a few plans, we'll be in for an economic hangover. This news was hailed by Detroit Free Press headlines as confirmation of the abil- ity of the "free enterprise" system to put two chickens in every Ford. There are, how- ever, a few quaint little facts that should be considered. FOR ONE THING, with last week's order rescinding building restrictions, the last of price and production controls have fin- ally been scrapped officially. That means that our half-grown inflation is given its chance at the bigtime. The U. S. Chamber of Commerce can talk about "Free" pro- duction meeting consumer demand until it's hoarser than usual, but this will not alter the simple truth that even boomtime production cannot satisfy the pent-up de- mands of the lean war years. Worse, with the controls off, business is sure to over- expand just as it did in the Twenties, sink- ing borrowed funds into resources that will find anticipated markets vanished into the hole of "deep depression." A complicating factor that may well make the new slump worse than the Thirties is the power of labor. Labor, understandably, will not settle for set wages with rising pric- es. As announced recently by the CIO, they will demand raises, and add to the infla- tionary pressure by striking to get them. High-blood-pressured management spokes- men roar about calling out the army and "breaking" labor for good. One certainly hopes it won't come to such a pitched battle; but if it does, labor's power today will pre- vent any easy management victory. Such a fight could set the country back years, with the far-reaching ill effects of a (nineteenth century style) war. With these considerations in mind, one can't help worrying on reading that Presi- dent Truman received even the Council's moderate warning of a possible "dip" in buying in 1947 with a blunt contradic- tory statement. One worries, too, about Mr. Taft and that Republican majority on the joint committee. It isn't hard to imagine Congress squan- dering its year of prosperity with irrespon- isble abandon, leaving the American people and its "deep depression" to the best of- fices of some Dewey or Bricker in 1948. -Milt Freudenheim I'D RATHER BE RIGHT: All's Well By SAMUEL GRAFTON SINCE anyone at all is now allowed to build a house for his own occupancy, the veteran will from here on out be forced to compete for shelter with men who have lumps of black market money put away in wall safes, with sporty characters who are swell on making arrangements, and with every Aunt Tilly who has been left a nest egg by,some good man and true, and who feels that now is the time to build herself more stately mansions. The veteran has had no basic training for this kind of un- equal contest. But all is not lost, for Mr. Truman says, in effect, that as people build new houses for themselves, they will leave old ones, and the veterans can perhaps move into some of the old ones. The veterans thus become something like the poor, who customarily move, in ad- vancing waves, into abandoned and de- caying neighborhoods. We have long used housing left-overs to shelter the poor, but it is a little shocking to see this method deliberately hailed and proposed as one answer to the veterans' needs. It makes about as much sense as would a clothing rationing program under which the well- heeled would be allowed to buy all the clothes they wanted, on the ground that this would increase the supply of cast-offs. Mr. Truman obviously hopes that if there is enough housing activity, enough boom and hullabaloo, without ceilings or controls, the total number of rooms will edge upward. So it will, in a lopsided and distorted way; but the important thing' about the new program is the manner in which it illustrates the change which has come over our philosophy of govern- ment in the last year. This has been a change from the indi- vidual approach to a kind of mass, or organ- ic approach; from the human to the sta- tistical, from the retail to the wholesale, so that instead of being concerned with a particular veteran, Mr. John Smith, and his need for a house, we now engage in big, ihuddled, grandiloquent gestures by which, we hope, enough activity will be created so that some benefit will slop over for John Smith. The bond between the individual and his government is being broken. It was the same way with price control. Price con- trol, as originally set up, kept its eye on the individual; it made sure that Mrs. Ma- mie Jones would pay eleven cents, instead of thirteen, or seventeen, for her box of cereal. This was superseded by a plan under which controls were knocked off, in the hope that production, or over-production, or recession, or panic, or something, would in the end deliver a box of cereal to Mrs. Jones; but during the long intervening months be- fore all this could happen Mrs. Jones has simply been forgotten. This government no longer communi- cates with individuals; it broadcasts. It has adopted what might be called a doc- trine of incidental benefits; but the inci- dental benefits are hypothetical, while the immediate concessions to selfish interests are real. It is all very remindful of the Hoover days, when unemployment relief was opposed (that would have meant di- rect contact between the individual and his government) and when aid to the business organism was favored instead, on the theory that some of this might dribble down and moisten the bottom. The wheel has turned, under conservative pressure, and we are now back again to a government that daoes not want to know our names. It is so much easier to do these things statistically; statistically, a year or two from now, if you divide the number of new rooms by the number of veterans, every veteran will have a house, even though he may still be sleeping under a kitchen sink. A truly liberal government would want to know his name, and where, in fact, he was sleeping; but it is so much easier to do these things by a page of long division than to have an office at which every man who has served his country could turn up in person, and nod to his government across a desk, and say, 'I am John Smith, and I need a house." (Copyright, 1946, N.Y. Post Corp.) International Law INTERNATIONAL LAW is not a body of authoritative codes or statutes; it is the gradual expression, case by case, of the moral judgments of the civilized world. As such, it corresponds precisely to the common law of Anglo-American tradition. What has been done at Nurnberg is a new judicial process but it is not ex post facto law. It is the enforcement of a moral judgment which dates back a generation. It is a growth in the application of law that any student of our common law should recognize as natural and proper, for it is just in 'this manner that the common law grew up. All case law grow's by new deci- sions, and where those decisions match the conscience of the community, they are law as truly as the law of murder. -Henry L. Stimson in Foreign Affairs Monday "~ "~ Tuesday ,, ,' '' "~ "~ at 8 ........... at 9.. .. ... at 10........... at 11 ........... at 1 ........... at 2 .......... at 3 ........... at 4 ........... at 8 ........... at 9 ........... at 10 ............ at 11 ........... at 1........... at 2 ............ at 3 ............ .. Thurs., Jan. 30, .................Tues., Jan. 28, ..Tues., Jan. 21, ..Thurs., Jan. 23, .Fri., Jan. 31, .................Thurs., Jan. 30, ..................W ed., Jan. 22, DAILYOFFICIAL BULLETIN FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION SCHEDULE University of Michigan COLLEGE OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND THE ARTS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SCHOOL OF EDUCATION SCHOOL OF FORESTRY AND CONSERVATION SCHOOL OF MUSIC SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH January 20-31, 1947 NOTE: For courses having both lectures and quizzes, the time of exercise is the time of the first lecture period of the week; for courses having quizzes only, the time of exercise is the time of the first quiz period. Certain courses will be examined at special per- iods as noted below the regular schedule. 12 o'clock classes, 5 o'clock classes, and other "irregular" classes may use any of the periods marked * provided there is no conflict with the reg- ular printed schedule. To avoid misunderstandings and errors, each student should receive notification from his instructor of the time and place of his examination. In' the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts no date of examination may be changed without the consent of the Examination Committee. Time of Exercise Letters to the Editor... at 4 .....................'....... Fri., Evening classes .......................... Mon., SPECIAL PERIODS Jan. 24, Jan. 27, Time of Examination ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ Fri., Jan.: Mon., Jan. Mon., Jan. Wed., Jan. Sat., Jan. . Tues., Jan. Fri., Jan. Wed., Jan. Ec. 51, 52, 53, 54, 101, 153 .. History 11, Lecture Group 2 Botany 1 ) Zoology 1 ) .............. Speech 35 ) Chemistry 55 ) English 1, 2 ) ........... Russian 31 ) French 1, 2, 11, 31, 32,) 61, 62, 91, 92, 93, 153) Speech 31, 32 ) Psychology 31............ . Soc. 51, 54 ................. German 1, 2, 31, 32) 24, 27, 20, 22, 25 28, 31 29, 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 2-5 9-12. 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 *Mon., Jan. 20, 2-5 ..................Mon., Jan. 20, 2-5 . ..............Tues., Jan. 21, 2-5 .............. *Wed., Jan. 22, 2-5 . . *Thurs., Jan. 23, 2-5 Fri., Jan. .Fri., Jan. 24, 9-12 24, 2-5 25, 2-5 27, 2-5 29, 2-5 Spanish 1, 2, 31, 32 ) ......................*Sat., Chem. 3, 4, 5, Se, 41 ..................... *Mon., Pol. Sci. 1, 2, 51 ......................... *W ed., School of Business Administration Jan. Jan, Jan. Courses not covered by this schedule as well as any necessary changes will be indicated on the School bulletin board. School of Forestry and Conservation Courses not covered by this schedule as well as any necessary changes will be indicated on the School bulletin board. School of Music: Individual Instruction in Applied Music Individual examinations by appointment will be given for all applied music courses (individual instruction) elected for credit in any unit of the University. For time and place of examinations, see bulletin board at the School of Music. School of Public Health Courses not covered by this schedule as well as any necessary changes will be indicated on the School bulletin board. Universitiy of Michigan College of Engineering SCHEDULE OF EXAMINATIONS January 20 to January 31, 1947 Note: For courses having both lectures and quizzes, the time ofj exercise is the time of the first lecture period ,of the week; for courses having quizzes only, the time of exercise is the time of the first quiz period. Drawing andlaboratory work may be continued through the ex- amination period in amount equal to that normally devoted to such work during one week. Certain courses will be examined at special periods as noted be- low the regular schedule. All cases of conflicts between assigned examination periods must be reported for adjustment. See bulle- tin board outside of Room 3223 East Engineering Building between January 6 and January 11 for instruction. To avoid misunderstand- ings and errors, .each student should receive notification from his instructor of the time and place of his appearance in each course during the period January 20 to January 31. No date of examination may be changed without the consent of the Classification Committee. EDITOR'S NOTE: No letter to the editor will be printed unless signed and written in good taste. Letters over 300 wjords in length will be shortened or oitted; in special in- stances, they will be printed, at the discretion of the editorial director. Perfect Let-lown To the Editor ONE of the most argumentative colums in The Daily is that written by our eminent drama critic, Joan Fiske. The general impression one gets is that our writer things she is a highly-ex- perienced, qualified, down-to- earth critic. Such comments as in all my experience as a critic . . . ", etc., should be put in bold type for those who read too fast to catch the phrase. We would like to know how much ex- perience on what local high school paper the author has accumulated. Pity the theatrical profession if Miss Fiske was to cover The Great White Way . . . how many Broad- way shows would have the cpur- age to open? It is common knowledge the more celebrated critics in New York and elsewhere criticize from the viewpoint of Mr. Theatre- goer, and not from personal dic- tates. Surely Miss Fiske will recall her article about Cluny Brown ... that she admitted her prejudice to- wards pictures either about Brit- ain or British produced. Admit- ting a thing like that is not too ethical, for the reader may think the article was written before the picture was seen. It is our opinion that an assigi ment would be criticized for its tangible value taking into account such things as its original story, its peculiar type of humor, and etc. There are very many people who do not like the Crosby-Hope-La- mour combination . . . and critics don't jump to the conclusion that everyone will be hysterical. Lastly, critics don't size up the movie concern, the actors, the name of the story, imagine the pic- ture of the century, build them- selves up to a perfect let-down, and then kill the picture. -Julian H. Kainer * *h * To End Discrimination To the Editor: TM R. ROSS's letter regarding Herbert Aptheker's speech the Root of Negro Oppression con-' cluded a very important idea in' his call for unity. It is indeed' very important that small dif- ferences be met within, progres- sive movements in o r d e r to strengthen the whole. Construc- tive additions to liberalism must be drawn and developed from the? broadest' of sources. However, I think there is a great deal of confusion in the mind of Mr. Ross in regards to the alleged "complete disagree-' ment" between Mr. Aptheker and Margaret Halsey, In the first place Herbert Ap-I theker did not condemn Miss Halsey's book COLOR BLIND. In fact, within his speech he did not mention that book. His speech was based on a critique of Gunner Myrdal's AN AMER- ICAN DILEMMA from Mr. Ap- theker's pamphlet THE NEGRO. PEOPLE OF AMERICA. It is with Gunner Myrdal that the1 disagreement takes place. Gun-i ner Myrdal contends that the roots of Negro oppression arise from "moral ideas." On the other hand Herbert Aptheker concludes that this oppression arises from the "fact and the act" which produces these ideas and in turn the continued exis- tence of the sources, these ideas help perpetuate that oppression. After the speech Aptheker an- swered a question, giving his opinion of Color Blind. He did not condemn it but considered it the product of a good liberal. This book can put to flight many pre- conceived and incorrect ideas as to the nature and reasons of Ne- gro oppression. Miss H a lIs e y points out by her own experiences in the canteen that ideas relat- ing to discrimination can andt were changed within a very short time, periods of hours and days, when' conditions were such to allow such a'change; namely, such as the time when the fear of pub- lic opinion was removed and whenr their ignorance of a Negro as a person was dispelled by canteen laws preventing the members to participate in discriminatory practices. I However, Margaret Halsey isĀ° not a revolutionary. Her opin- ions on how to destroy the mi- nority oppression is completely idealistic and reformist. She3 calls for public education as the3 a n s w e r, and although this means is very important, she does not emphasize the need of laws preventing discrimination or the need of destroying that which makes it: the profit-seek- ers of society. The fact that Margaret Halsey contradicts her experience in the canteen with her conclusions in her book (experience showed quick changes in the whole mem- bership of the canteen while she says in her book that discrimin- ation can completely end only after a long indefinite period if at all) is its main weak point and the basis upon which it should be criticized. -Geneva J. Olmsted. Sore Spot To the Editor: THIS letter is NOT to be con- strued as a defense of discrim- ination of any kind: but is rather a suggestion to those who are hon- estly working to break down such barriers and replace them with a true democratic spirit. They will do well to avoid the half-hysterical breast-beatings of the Harriet Beecher Stowe-school of journalists, which seems to have been epitomized by Mr. E. E. Ellis in the column "All or Noth- ing," in the Tuesday, 17 Decem- ber, Daily. Tears well into my eyes as I imagine an aged and infirm Negro touring Georgia on hands and knees, relentlessly pursued by the baying hounds of the "South- ern Gestapo," which is at least as concrete an organization as the Little Men's Chowder and March- ing Society. I hear a blast of trumpets as I think of his children (well supplied with jerked veni- son), plunging across the Mason- Dixon line into the dark morass that is the South to his rescue. With my pulse throbbing visibly in my throat, I follow breathlessly as they crash through icy swamps -traveling by night, sleeping un- der cotton bales by day; haunted by the knowledge that a fate worse than death awaits them if captured. Pausing to calm my shattered nerves, I can easily forsee at least two very brilliant futures for Mr. Ellis. He might turn out a boys' adventure series that would for- ever replace Tom Swift and the Rover Boys in the hearts of our youth; or he can be the greatest crusader since the days of Carrie Nation and Billy Sunday. I full realize that there are num- erous incidents of violence of this type, particularly in parts of the South, and that they must. be eventually eliminated. But hys- terical onslaughts such as these at a deep-rooted tradition only serve to entrench them more firmly. This matter of discrimination is a very sore spot with the average American, and MUST have care- ful, intelligent handling, if we are to make any progress whatsoever. Please, Mr. Ellis, the time for revolution is not yet at hand, -A. C. Johnson OUR ability to maintain an es- sentially free-enterprise system in a world tending toward social- ism will largely depend on the ability of labor and management to construct a solid economic basis for the equitable division of the wealth produced by American in- dustry. The purchasing power of all our people, with organized la- bor as a spearhead, must be pushed gradually upward year after as we increase our wealth. -The Nation MAN TO MAN: No Sugar, No Cranberries THANKSGIVING Day would not be in the American tradition without a roast tur- key, and a roast turkey would feel unclothed to be brought to the table without cran- berry sauce. Turkey and cranberry sauce belong to Christmas, too - or ought to. But at no time, is turkey, turkey without cranberry sauce. When turkey was served to me at home the other evening, I expected cranberry sauce to follow as a matter of course. But I was offered harvard beets instead. To be sure, the color was the same but there the resemblance ended abruptly. No one could possibly mistake a beet, even if he were bereft of .the sense of taste, for the zestful and piquant cranberry. I am as well trained a husband as most, but I did venture to inquire mildly, "What, no cranberries?" I happened to know that the other head of the family - there are two in ours, or at least I think so - is even more fond of cranberry sauce than I am. The explana- tion was, not inability to bify cranberries, but the scarcity of sugar. Then I remembered the visit that I had enjoyed just a few days earlier from the editor of an upstanding newspaper in a community where the. housewife custom- arily makes her own jellies and jams and bakes her own pastry. The towns in that rich farming area are too small to support bakeries, so that pies and cakes must, per- force, be home-made or the family will I doubted whether there might be another piece on this subject until I was served that turkey without cranberry sauce, as afore- said, following which I read a report in the Sunday papers of December 15, telling how Secretary of Agriculture Anderson had "dashed the hopes of thousands of sugar- hungry New York housewives who had ap- pealed to their Congressmen for aid in ob- taining 'more sugar for Christmas'." "Hurrah!" I said to myself, "here is ma- terial for another column on sugar." My editor friend had told me that where he came from, there was plenty of sugar. People could see it in the stores. But they had no coupons. I told him that we had the same trouble in Washington, although just a short time ago there had been plenty of coupons but no sugar. One or the other always seems to be lacking. But coupons without sugar, or sugar without coupons will not give anyone home-made cranberry sauce and- thus make it possible for me to continue to live in the style to which I have been accustomed. Nor will such a situation give the housewives sugar for pies and cakes for Christmas. But Secretary Anderson, who has been frequently criticised for a seeming dispo- sition to sacrifice a smaller interest to a bigger one, was not to be influenced by the urgent representations of those New York Monday Time f t (c (C of Exercise at 8 at 9 at 10 at 11 at 1 at 2 at 3 at 4 Tine of Examination Fri., Jan. 24............. Mon., Jan. 27 ........... Mon., Jan. 20.......... Wed., Jan. 22.......... Sat., Jan. 25 ............ Tues., Jan. 28 ............ Fri., Jan. 31 ............ Wed., Jan. 29, .......... Thurs., Jan. 30 .......... Tues., Jan. 28......... Tues., Jan. 21 .......... Thurs., Jan. 23......... Fri., Jan., 31 .......... Thurs., Jan. 30......... Wed., Jan. 22.......... Fri., Jan. 24 ............ Mon., Jan. 27 ............ at 8 at 9 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 2-5 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 Tuesday C { (t at at at at at at 10 11 1 2 3 4 Evening classes Ec. 53, 54. 153; Draw 1 M.P. 2, 3, 4 Eng. 11, C.E. 21 Draw. 2; Phys. 46; E.E. 5, Frencl M.E. 3; Phys. 45 E.M. 1, 2, 6; Span.; German Chem. 3, 4, 5E; Surv. 1, 4 Draw. 3 Ch-Met. 1 *Mon., Jan. 20.............2-5 Tues., Jan. 21..... .. 2-5 *Wed., Jan. 22 ...........2-5 "Thurs., Jan. 23........... 2-5 *Fri., Jan. 24............2-5 *Sat, Jan. 25 .............2-5 *Mon., Jan. 27........... 2-5 *Wed., Jan. 29.............9-12 Wed., Jan. 29 ........... 2-5 Fifty-Seventh Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Editorial Staff Robert Goldman .....Managing Editor Milton Freudenheim .Editorial Director Clayton Dickey...........City Editor Mary Brush ...........Associate Editor Ann Kutz ............Associate Editor Paul Harsha.........Associate Editor Clark Baker.............Sports Editor Des Howarth ..Associate Sports Editor Jack Martin ...Associate Sports Editor Joan Wilk...........Women's Editor Lynne Ford .Associate Women's Editor Business Staff Robert E. Potter ....Businese Managei Evelyn Mills ..........Associate Business Managei Janet Cork Associate Business Manages Telephone 23-24.1 Mpehbr of Th eA nsoiated Press *This may also be used as an irregular period, provided there is no conflict with the regular printed schedule above. BARNABY f I I % IT e . .L A: lfl. I I I I i