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VOL. LVII, No. 61 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN. WEDNESDAY, Dec. 4, 1946
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Action Against
Spain
Opposed
By
U.S., Britain
By The Associated Press
LAKE SUCCESS, N. Y., Dec. 3-The United States and Great
Britain turned thumbs down tonight on direct coercive United Nations
measures against Franco Spain, splitting sharply with France and
the Russian group which demanded a complete and instant rupture
of relations by all the UN states with Generalissimo Francisco Franco.
The United States contended that such stringent action conceiv-
ably could lead the world into another war.
n1
U.S. To Press
For Austrian
Peace Treaty
Will Seek German
Parley Next Year
NEW YORK,. Dec. 3-(R')-Sec-
retary of State James F. Byrnes
said today that the United States
would press for an immediate
start on an Austrian settlement,
seek a definite and basic plan for
a peace conference early next year
on Germany and back the small
nations in their plea for a voice
in the final German accounting.
His discourses came as he and
British foreign secretary Ernest
Bevin, at separate press confer-
ences, unfolded details of an un-
precedented plan for an Anglo-
American economic partnership in
their zones of occupation in Ger-
many.
Obstacles Can Be Surmounted
Byrnes expressed his conviction
that the Council of Foreign Minis-
ters had surmounted the major
difficulties in drafting peace pacts
for Italy, the Balkan states and
Finland. He expressed belief that
they will be completed this week.
The press conference was called
primarily to explain the economic
merger in Germany- a move at
making the area under the con-
trol of Britain and this country
self sustaining by the end of a
three year period.
Countries To Divide Cost
The two countries will divide
the estimated cost of $1,000,000,-
000 on a 50-50 basis. But Byrnes
switched under questioning to
make this point:
The United States will ask the
diplomatic chiefs of the Four
Powers to take up the question of
a settlement for Austria before
adjourning their New York ses-
sions.
Haight Called
Dice Operator
Accuse Defendants of
Gambling Conspiracy
Examination of Wilson Haight'
and Vernon Maulbetsch yesterday
on gambling conspiracy charges
before Circuit Judge James R.
Breakey, Jr., was adjourned until'
11 a.m. today after two prosecu-
tion witnesses had testified that
horse race bets were placed in
the United Cigar Store, 118 E.
Huron, owned by Haight and
Maulbetsch.
Glenn Painter, janitor in the
cigar store in 1941, said he had
placed bets of 25 and 50 cents
with Haight while he was em-
ployed there.
Edward Howard, a clerk in the
store from 1942 until 1945, testi-
fied he had taken bets on horses
during that period, and had paid
off in unmarked envelopes. He
also claimed a dice game was op-
erated on the second floor of the
cigar store.
Kentucky Feud
Ends in Court
"Felonious assault" became "er-
roneous assault" in Circuit Court
yesterday after a twelve man jury
declared Chester Lovely, of Chel-
sea, not guilty of attacking Ros-
coe Howard, also of Chelsea, Sept.
22.
The two men, remaining parti-
cipants in a Kentucky feud be-
tween their families, have been
Lengthy Debate
The political committee of the
UN Assembly heard the Spanish
question debated at length in two
sessions lasting more than six
hours all told and then adjourned
until tomorrow at 10:30 a.m.
with more speakers on the list.
Elsewhere on the accelerated
United Nations program today:
1. Soviet Russia came out offi-
vially for the Flushing Meadow
site in New York City, where the
Assembly is now meeting, as the
permanent home of the UN.
Philippine Proposal Opposed
2. Great Britain opposed efforts
f the PhilippineaRepublic to ob-
tain Assembly approval of re-
ional conferences among non-
self-governing territories.
3. There was no change on the
veto question, with a sub-commit-
tee appointed to draft an accep-
tance resolution for the political
1ommittee still deadlocked over
Russian and Australian viewpoints.
4. China asked the United Na-
tions Commission on Narcotic
Drugs for a provision in the even-
tual Japanese peace treaty pro-
hibiting Japan from production
and traffic in narcotic drugs.
5. The UN Atomic Energy Com-
mission was called to meet Thurs-
day for what was said to be an im-
portant session on its future
course in view of Assembly consid-
eration of general arms limitation,
including prohibition of the atomic
bomb. - Some delegates have in-
sisted the atomic commission must
not be hampered by any Assembly
action.
World News
Roundup.,
By The Associated Press
LONDON, Dec. 3-Prime Min-
ister Attlee and his cabinet min-
isters opened talks with India's
political leq ders today against a
background of simmering civil
strife and warned them that world
peace is related to the stability
of the populous subcontinent.
An India Office spokesman said
the talks were being- carried on
frankly and on the broad issues,
with Britain stressing the impor-
tance of peace in India to the gen-
eral state of world peace.
Clerks Say
Negro Vote
Hampered
Senate Probes
Bilbo's Election
By The Associated Press
JACKSON, Miss., Dec. 3-Two
Mississippi registration officials
told a Senate investigating com-
mittee today that they made it
more difficult for Negroes than
whites to qualify to vote last July
in a Democratic primary in which
Senator Theo G. Bilbo was nom-
inated for a third term.
Circuit Clerk Clifford R. Fields
of Natchez testified he refused to
register Negroes who had not paid
the poll tax because "there was no
use cluttering up the books with
people who couldn't vote." He said
he permitted white persons in the
same situation to register because
he believed they would pay poll
taxes later.
Requirements for Negroes
Fields also said he required Ne-
gro applicants to read a section of
the state constitution, but did not
impose this condition on white
applicants.
"To be truthful," asked Sen.
Ellender (Dem., La.) committee
chairman, "you made it a little
harder for colored people to regis-
ter than the whites, didn't you?"
Action Considered Fair
Fields replied "yes," and when
Sen. Bridges (Rep., N.H.) asked
whether he thought this was fair,
Fields said that he did.
Bridges asked another circuit
clerk, C. E. Cocke of Greenville,
about testimony Negroes had giv-
en that Cocke told them no mat-
ter how they answered his ques-
tions on the constitution they
could not satisfy him that they
were qualified to vote.
Music Camp
Head Presses
Petrillo. Fight
Dr. Joseph Maddy, Interlochen
Music Camp director, indicated
last night that he would continue
his fight against the American
Federation of Musicians' James
C. Petrillo, even if the Lea Act is
declared unconstitutional by the
Supreme Court.
The Lea Act, which Dr. Maddy
stated, wa passed by Congress to
curb Petrillo's "dictatorial power"
in the music industry, was de-
clared unconstitutional Monday by
a Federal district court.
"There is little doubt that the
Lea Act was passed to stop Pe-
trillo," he declared. "If the act is
unconstitutional, I will continue
my efforts to see that a constitu-
tional statte is written."
It is likely that Congress will
do just that if the Lea Act is killed,
he added.
It has been announced that the
district co rt's decision will be ap-
pealed to the Supreme Court
IFC Supports,
Dimout Policy
Fraternity houses hae done
and will continue to do as much
as possible to conserve fuel in
the present crisis, Harry Jackson,
president of the Inter-Fraternity
Council declared yesterday in an-
swer to a charge by Mayor Wil-
liam E. Brown, Jr., that the fra-
ternities appeared "unwilling to
cooperate with voluntary dimout
request."
Jackson said that although the
council has formed no special pol-
icy in regard to the dimout, fra-
ternities have followed the Uni-
versity policy of conservation as
strictly as possible.
Any porch lights which are left
on, Jackson continued, are neces-
sary for the protection of the
house.
*
*
*
*
Strike
F oces Freight Embargo
Lewis Found Guilty of Contempt
*
1*,
x! * *
* * *
Rights Were
Denied Mine
Chief Says
Sentence To Be Made
By U.S. Judge Today
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, Dec. 3-John
L. Lewis tocay was found guilty of
criminal contempt of court-with
a possible heavy sentence-but the
coal strike went on and the gov-
ernment took drastic emergency
action to save fuel.
Lewis responded to the guilty
verdict by rising in the Federal
courtroom and making a bitterly
defiant speech. He accused the
judge of depriving the coal miners
of their constitutional rights. He
said he would "firmly stand" on
his position.
Judge Postpones Sentence
After this dramatic scene the
Judge, T. Alan Goldsborough, sat
pondering for four minutes, then
put off sentencing Lewis until to-
morrow morning.
The language of his conclusions,
that Lewis and his union "wil-
fully, wrongfully, and deliberate-
ly" disobeyed a court order, sug-
gested the possibility of heavy
penalties-perhaps in the nature
of drastic daily fines. Judge
Goldsborough has the power to
impose an unlimited fine or jail
sentence if he wishes.
Truman Declines To Comment
President Truman commanding
the government's battle with Lew-
is, met reporters but declined to
comments on the crisis. He said he
was leaving the situation in the
hands of the court.
Federal Judge Goldsborough
pronounced his verdict by agreeing
to the conclusions proposed to
him by the U. S. Justice Depart-
ment.
Those conclusions made public
two hours later, showed the Judge
had found both Lewis and his
union-the United Mine Workers,
AFL-guilty of "civil contempt"
and "criminal contempt."
Speakers G1Ve
Views About
Communists
A variety of political views were
presented to the 125 persons who
attended a forum on "Should
Communists Have The Right To
Participate in Liberal Organiza-
tions" sponsored by MYDA yes-
terday.
John Shockley took the posi-
tion that Communists should be
excluded from all liberal organiza-
tions. Declaring that liberal or-
ganizations must appeal to the
middle class public, Shockley con-
tended that Communist member-
ship in such groups alienated the
middle class.
When a liberal organization
stoops to "red-baiting it falls into
a trap and is diverted from its
main purpose, declared Rolf Cohn
of AYD. He also pointed out that
if you start excluding people, it
is impossible to know where to
draw the line.
Leonard Cohen, Communist
Party member, asserted that there
should be no objection as long as
the Communists fought for the
program of the liberal group.
Five Pound Limit Set
On Parcel Post Weight
New Mileage Slash Brings Coal-Burning
Passenger Service to Half of Normal Level
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, Dec. 3-A nation-wide embargo on railroad
freight shipments, except for vital needs, was proclaimed today; par-
cel post packages were limited to five pounds at the height of the
Christmas mailing season, and passenger mileage on coal burning
trains was slashed another 25 per cent.
These drastic measures were taken to conserve fuel in view of the
coal strike.
-The' freight embargo and curbs on parcel host will become effec
tive at 12:01 a.m. Friday. The cuty
*
* *
* *
CITED FOR CONTEMPT OF COURT-John L. Lewis (above)
after being found guilty of criminal contempt of court defiantly
accused the judge of depriving the coal miners of their constitu-
tional rights.
BEWARE OF AMATEURS:
Vocatonal Guidance Testin
Is Offered Free to Students
<"? I
WASHINGTON, Dec. 3--O.
Max Gardner, who made his
first trip to England on a cattle
boat "as chambermaid to 394
Montana steers," is going back
again - this time as United
States ambassador.
LANSING, Dec. 3-Eight hun-
dred Detroit school teachers, car-
rying their fight to the State Su-
preme Court, won today $124,018
in back salaries which were with-
held from them in an economy
drive in 1932.
Informed sources said that ac-
tually the decision would affect
some 7,000 teacherskto the extent
of $1,500,000 in back pay.
PARIS, Dec. 3-Socialist lead-
er Felix Gouin urged tonight
that his party support the Com-
munists in their bid for the in-
terim premiership of the new
French government.
His recommendation came
soon after the Communist can-
idate for temporary president of
the National Assembly lost to a
Socialist, Vincent Auriol.
By PAUL HARSHA
Vocational guidance tests-free
to every University of Michigan
student--are offered here through
the Bureau of Psychological Serv-
ices.
Dr. Frank M. Fletcher, Jr., chief
psychologist of the Bureau, said
that the University provides for
students "the best techniques in
testing that can possibly be drawn
upon.''
Bureau counselors either have
doctors' degrees in psychology or
education, or have completed most
of the course work on doctors' de-
grees, Dr. Fleacher said.
He warmed students against
"crystal ball guidance," by inex-
pert counseling services which he
said are prevelent about the coun-
try.
Basso To Give
Performance
Salvatore Baccaloni
Will Sing Tomorrow
Appearing. in a program of the
character roles which have made
him famous, Salvatore Baccaloni,
Metropolitan basso buffo, will
present the University Musical So-
ciety's second extra concert at
8:30 p.m. tomorrow in Hill Au-
ditorium.
Tickets for the performance are
still on sale at the Society's offices
in Burton Memorial Tower.
Starting his operatic career with
the La Scala opera company in
Italy, Baccaloni became interest-
ed in basso buffo parts through
the encouragement of Toscanini.
The success of his re-creations of
such roles as Falstaff and Dr.
Bartolo in the "Barber of Seville"
led to engagements in all of the
great opera houses throughout the
world.
Legislative Cabinet
IE'7 . ~I1
"Harm may result from misin-
terpretation of tests by non-ex-
perts in the field of aptitude tes-
ing," he said, adding that such
tests can be of great value if used
by an expert psychologist.
Group Tests
Dr. Fletcher said also that tests
in personality "as a whole have
not as yet proved to be particu-
larly valid on a group basis."
Following an initial fact-finding
interview, students undergo a bat-
tery of tests which take about ten
hours to complete. A final inter-
view with a trained psychologist
integrates test results with the
student's vocational interests and
background.
Invited To Return
Students tested are invited to
return to the Bureau from time to
time so their progress may be
checked. They also have the use
of a vocational library on the sec-
ond floor of the Rackham Build-
ing.
Students with personal problems
are ref errt to Health Service
psychologists.
Although the free guidance
service is available only to Uni-
versity students, veterans not at-
tending school are entitled to such
tests under the GI Bill, according
to W. L. Wallace, head of the Ann
Arbor Veterans' Administration.
Wallace encouraged non-stu-
dent veterans with "serious wor-
ries" to take advantage of the
testing service.c
in railroad mileage will take effect
at 11:59 p.m. Sunday to bring
the mileage down to 50 per cent'of
the pre-strike level. A 25 per cent
!,educticn already is in effect. Ef-
fective time in each instance is lo-
cal standaird time.
Announcing the freight embar-
-,o, The Interstate Commerce
Commission declared that rail
service can be prolonged "only by
Che most careful husbanding" of
remaining coal stocks.
Ban on Express Shipments
The general ban applies to ex-
press as well as freight shipments.
The Office of Defense Transpor-
tation, in announcing the passen-
ger mileage cut, said in a state-
ment that it "acted upon reports
indicating that the railroads have
on hand a 27-day supply of coal
based upon the present rate of
consumption." #
Ocean Exports Affected
In still another step resulting
from the coal strike the Associa-
tion of America railroads clamped
an embargo on rail movement of
freight slated for ocean texport,
except food and fuel It is effec-
tive at midnight tonight.
Certain Essential articles will be
exempt from the general order. In
addition, permits will be issued for
local movement of some others.
The ICC named Warren C. Ken-
dall as its general permit agent
with full authority over issuing
permits. Kendall is chairman of
the car service division of the
Railroad Association.
Southern Coal
Leader Quits
In Policy Tiff
WASHINGTON, Dec. 3---(JP)-
Edward R. Burke, one of John L.
Lewis' toughest foes in contract
negotiations, stepped down today
as head of the powerful Southern
Coal Producers Association, but
there was little- comfort in it for
the miners' chief.
Burke handed his associates a
scribbled resignation from the
$30,000-a-year post he has held
since 1942 after a tiff with a
group of directors over policy in
the current coal crisis. The South-
ern Operators produce more than
one third of the iation's 600,000,-
000 tons of soft coal.
While Burke had little comment
beyond the statement of the asso-
ciation announcing his resigna-
tion, the incident was taken in
some industry circles to mean
firmer opposition to coming to any
terms with Lewis before he has
been subjected to all the heat the
government can put on him in the
courts or elsewhere.
Oakland Area
Paralyzed by
Protest Strike
Spread of Walkout
Threatened Today
OAKLAND, Calif., Dec. 3-(P).
Organized labor, which paralyze
the East Bay's transportation and
industry in a 1,000,000 population
area by means of a "protest'
walkout today, projected an ever
bigger walkout tomorrow and
Oakland's mayor announced he
would proclaim a state of emer-
gency.
Mayor Herbert L. Beach, term-
ing the walkout a "physical as-
sault" on the rights of the popu-
lace, said a special meeting of the
city council tomorrow would be
asked in order to give the pro-
clamation legal force and that he
expected "order will be restored
in our streets."
Continuance of Walkout
Intention to extend the paralyz-
ing walkout through the second
straight day was announced by
James F. Galliano, attorney for
the AFL Almeda County Labor
Council.
Galliano, in a public radio ap-
peal for support of labor, said the
act of city police Sunday in es-
corting trucks with merchandise
through picket lines to two struck
department stores left organized
labor with no alternative..He said
the walkout, in which only emer-
gency activities were permitted to
continue, was justified.
Mayor's Statement
Mayor Beach countered: "It is
in an attempt to sibstitute the
physical force of mobs for that of
government. I am a believer in
and a supporter of organizations
of workers and collective bargain-
ing, but as mayor of our city when
unions are, for a minor provoca-
tion, attempting to strike the
whole city prostrate, I should and
I shall oppose their conduct to
the limit of the city powers.,
Village ,Voters
Sign forr'FEPC"
Total of 831 Names
Gained in Campaign
A total of 831 persons hav
signed petitions at Willow Villagt
for a state Fair Employment
Practices law, Ollie Lyon, chair-
man of the Village FEPC drive
announced yesterday.
Lyon said he was gratified by
the fact that the signatures of
50 per cent of the registered
voters in the Village had been ob-
°ained and said that if all the oth-
ir organizations do as well the
ompaign should be-successful in
the state.
The r.rpai-rnwhichwascon.
(tsted joinly toy th Wilow Vii-
~ge A;C chapter and the Willow
gun Citizens Committee, missed'
i:s goal o 1,000, but Lyon gave
two reasons to account for this.
"A few people fell down on us,"
he said, "and other petitions were
circulated in the Village by indi-
viduals for other organizations.'
MEN JUST DON'T CARE:
Majority of Women in Favor
Of Slacks, Survey Indicates
OPPOSING PREJUDICE:
'U' Faces Disorganized Discrimination
By BETTYANN LARSEN
Daily Special Writer
In Atlauta, Ga., Columbians,
Inc., recenvly awarded a medal to
n. 1 7-.vca r-.1d wxh i te bov for beat -
The reason for such disorgan-
ized discrimination can be ex-
plained negatively by a comment
of Dr. Harry Overstreet, noted so-
mined is nis application picture.
According to Registrar Ira
Smith, the pictures are used sole-
ly for identification of the pros-
By HARRY LEVINE
Should coeds wear slacks on
campus?
University women can't: agree
among themselves but the present
cold weather spell appears to be a
Virginia Purse, '49, and Dale
Ramsey, 'b*, gave a joint "no" to
slacks.
"Ski pants or long stockings
maybe, but not slacks," Virginia
added.