T HE MICH IG-AN DXII SUNDAY, NOVEMDER 10,9~ Congressional Leadership REPUBLICAN PARTY leaders have been wait- ing many a year for the chance they will get next January to take over the reins of the Con- gressional chariot. When the 80th Congress convenes, Sam Ray- burn, Democratic Speaker of the House, will es- cort to the presiding officer's chair Joseph W., Martin, Jr., veteran Congressman from Massa- chusetts' 14th district. Rep. Martin has spear- headed the Republican legislative program as minority floor leader since 1939, and served as chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1940 to 1942. Who will succeed to the post of majority floor leader is up to the Republican party caucus; but among those mentioned for the job are Clarence J. Brown, of Ohio, Everett M. Dirksen of Illi- nois; and Earl Michener, from this district. Arthur Vandenberg, senior Senator from Michigan, is the columnists' number one choice for presiding officer of the Senate. He is in line also for the chairmanship of the Senate Finance and Rules Committes, and is second in senior- ity on the Foreign Relations Committee to Sen. Capper, of Kansas. Capper is the oldest Repub- lican in the Senate from point of service, and will therefore have his choice of several major committee chairmanships. His age and his rec- ord as a hard-working member of the farm bloc, may point to acceptance of the Agriculture and Forestry chairmanship, in the opinion of Prof. James Kallenbach, of the political science depart- ment, leaving the foreign relations post open to Vandenberg. Since Senate rules permit a single member to head only one major committee, the Michigan Senator presumably would prefer the Foreign Relations chairmanship if he got a chance at it. But the load might be too heavy if he became president pro tempore, a full time job as presid- ing officer in the absence of a Vice-President. Wallace H. White, Jr., of Maine, is third in point of seniority on the Foreign Relations Commit- tee. Sen. White is now minority floor leader in the upper house, and may succeed to the post of majority leader when the new Congress con- venes. His duties as party spokesman have been performed in large part in the present Congress by Vandenberg and Sen. Robert Taft, of Ohio, Prof. Kallenbach points out, so that Taft may also be the party choice for floor leader. Sen. Taft, who will become chairman of the Education and Labor Committee, voted for the farm-parity rider which brought a threat of Presidential veto on the minimum-wage bill, but he refused to join filibuster efforts against the FEPC. The two New Hampshire Senators, Styles Bridges and Charles W. Tobey, are ranking mi- nority members on the Military Affairs Com- mittee and the Naval Affairs Committee respec- tively. Chairman of the House Military Affairs Com- mittee will be Rep. Walter Andrews, of New York. W. Sterling Cole, also of New York, will be Naval Affairs Committee chairman. Both Con- gressmen went on record in favor of military rather than civilian control of atomic energy. They may expect trouble from fellow New York- er John Taber, whose succession to the top spot on the House Appropriations Committee un- doubtedly will mean drastic reductions in the budgets of all executive departments-including the Army and Navy. -Ann Kutz On Lochner Statement NOTHING could be more far fetched than Mr. Lochner's statement here Thursday to the effect that the so-called Kellog-Briand Pact served as a basis of the war crimes trials. Ger- man war criminals violated their own law not by their failure to repudiate the Pact of Paris, but by actual violations of statutory German mili- tary law and violations of Nazi edicts on the subject. Goebbels declared in 1945 that American air- men who conducted "terror raids" over German held territory were subject to penalties under the law, and the German Government acted ac- cordingly in several instances. Moreover, the Code of 1941 declared that any member of the German armed forces who committed crimes against civilian populations in excess of mili- tary necessity or any person who directed such crimes to be committed, was liable to courts mar- tial. Indeed, the German Military Code of 1940 stated further that even if such acts were done under superior orders, they were not thereby excusable. Getting back to the proposition that viola- tions of the Kellog-Briand Pact could or could not incriminate war criminals, it must be pointed out that the pact, in its own words, merely imposed a moral obligation upon sig- natory states not to wage aggressive warfare, the term "aggressive" nowhere being defined. And no sanction was envisaged by the past for states committing acts of aggression. More- over, a positive statement to the effect that ett the German Government had repudiated the pact would have been superfluous since the positive acts of the Nazis prior to the out- break of war only too clearly indicated the in- terest. As for the question of ex post facto nature of the trials, it suffices to say that International Law does not recognize the principle. Since the Law of Nations is a law of a decentralized so- ciety, without a legislature in the sense of Mu- nicipal Law, many of the applications of Inter- national Law must necessarily be of ex post facto nature. For example, if an arbitration commission is set up, it must first draw up a "compromise" to decide upon rules of procedure where International Law is silent upon- the point. Such treaties and compromises of course, become themselves the subject of International Law. Finally, the question of accused war criminals acting under "superior's orders" and the im- munity of heads. of states is ably answered by Justice Robert H. Jackson, who said on Novem- ber 1, 1945 in his Opening Statement for the Prosecution: "Of course the idea that a state, any more than a corporation, can commit a crime is fiction. Crimes are always committed by persons. While it is quite proper to employ a fic- tion of responsibility of a state or corporation for the purpose of imposing a collective liabil- ity, it is quite intolerable to allow such a legal- ism to become the basis of personal immun-, ity." --Sylvan Berman BOOKS The River Rumer Godden, 175 pages, Little Brown & Co. THIS IS A VERY engaging little novel about life as seen thru the eyes of a little girl growing up in India. Although the novel is a short one, it was not so short that clear charac- ter portrayals weren't possible, especially of little Harriet; and it is also long enough to transmit to the reader the importance of the river to her. The style and the words suit the topic very nicely-they are simply expressed and naive but very perplexed thoughts, just as they should be in this little girl's world. This con- struction is very realistic and convincing; it carries you back to your days of growing up- the confounding questions that present them- selves to every curious child. These are the same questions which philosophers have been trying to answer -love and hate, life and death-but to this child, rather than mere words, these questions are real and frighten- ing. The psychological transformation is also very realistically presented. That feeling of being torn between two desires that all of us have experienced-the longing to remain in a secure childhood world and the intriguing anticipation .of the future. There are normally three of these battles which one must win in order to attain adulthood: at the end of babyhood, at the be- ginning of adolescence, and at the end of adol- escence when the first consciousness of sex brings its problems and frustrations. The river which flowed in back of her house emptying into the Bengal Bay helped her out of her dilemna. Although when first her favorite pet and then her younger brother die making her think that life itself had ended, she would always hear the familiar puff-pause-puff of the steamboats. When other difficulties beset her, she went down to her private nook in the river for consolation and watch the burial ashes float down the never ending stream or the endless chain of passengers on the boats. Although she had her individual deaths, life still continued on the river. -Peter Hamill * * * General Book List Cabell, James Branch-There were two pirates. New York, Farrar & Straus, 1946. Godden, Rumer-The river. Boston Little, 1946. Halsey, Margaret-Color blind. New York, Si- mon & Shuster, 1946. onilnie Says THERE IS A GENUINE test of democracy ev- erywhere. Liberals have suffered a drama- tic defeat. The Roosevelt era has gone on a vacation. What of it? It demands first, that those who were defeated shall accept the fact and sincerely try to attain democratic security and freedom without the controls to which all have become accustomed. Whereas there has been held before us a series of ideals framed by important officials as the hope of humanity, we must now look to volunteers, if not to automatic forces to guide us. In religion, as in politics, there is a "return to normalcy". Orthodoxy has the center of the religious stage. The Youth-For-Christ cam- paigns in cities have been commanding large crowds. In several cities conservative Pro- testants have introduced a release of children from public school to attend church classes. A bill before Congress proposes not only fed- eral subsidy for public education but also for parachoial schools. Only a few of the general parochial schools. Only a few of the general cil and the International Council of Religious Education, have been able to widen their basis of membership since the war. Regardless of the idealism with which we car- ried forward the conflict phases of the war, there has been taking place,, since V-J day, the very pattern of dispair which controlled us in 1919 and 1920. Once more we must revert to the supposed law of supply and demand in econ- omics and to a modified isolationism in political relations. The vast lobbies which have halted efforts at housing, relaxation of the Poll-tax and increased use of collective bargaining, will now write the legislation. Only a new sense of so- cial obligation can save a score of great reforms. The general unrest and confusion of this post- war era is registering our absurdities at least a year or two earlier than was the case following World War I. Small solace, you say. Yes, but if education is the only way to meet catastrophy, as H. G. Wells insisted, then this is what must be done. We can teach well twenty-five years to shorten post-war hysteria one year. It will be some gain for every student to read the current debates in liberal as well as in con- servative magazines and to examine his own re- ligion as a daily memorial to the four hundred- fifty fellow students at Michigan who sleep in war graves. Having put control into the hands of men who at home defeated regulation of prices on food, housing, clothing and given our place in reconstruction to men who mistakenly discourage the will to peace abroad, we now pos- sess a social experiment of vast magnitude and as dangerous as the Atomic Bomb. Edward W. Blakeman Counselor in Religious Education Publication in The Daily Official Bul- letin is constructive notice to all mem- bers of the University. Notices for the Bulletin should be sent in typewritten1 form to the office of the Assistant to the President, Room 1021 Angel Hall, by 3:00 p.m. on the day preceding publication (11:00 a.m. Saturdays). SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1946 VOL. LVII, No. 42 Notices Faculty College of Literature, Sci- ence, and the Arts: Midsemester re- ports are due not later than Monday,. Nov. 18. Report cards are being distributed to all departmental offices. Green cards are being provided for fresh- men and sophomores and white cards for reporting juniors and seniors. Reports of freshmen and sophomores should be sent to 108 Masn Hall; thosedof juniors and seniors to 1220 Angell Hall. Midsemester reports should name those students, freshmen and upper- classmen, whose standing at mid- semester is "D" or "E", not merely those who receive "D" or "E" in so- called mid-semester examinations. Students electing our courses, but registered in other schools or col- leges of the University should be reported to the school or college in which they are registered. Additional cards may be had at 108 Mason Hall or at 1220 Angell Hall. E. A Walter Navy V-5 Students: A considerable amount of official mail has been re- ceived at NROTC Headquarters, North Hall, for V-5 students. All V-5 students are requested to obtain same at Rm. 103, N.H., as soon as practicable. Women Students: Beginning this week space will be available in the Barbour Gymnasium for women's teams to practice basketball or to play badminton. A sign-up sheet is posted on the bulletin board in the gymnasium for those women stu- dents wishing to reserve space. Choral Union Ushers: Please re- port at 6:15 p.m. for the Cleveland Orchestra concert Sunday. The con- cert starts at 7:00 p.m. Willow Run Village: West Court Community Building Sun., Nov. 10, 8:00 p.m., Rev. Mr. Edwards will meet with discussion groups. Mon., Nov. 11, 8:00 p.m., University of Illinois Alumnae Coffee Hour, Room 2; 7:30-9:30 p.m., Rev. Mr. Edwards, Religious and personal counseling, Room 8, preferably by appointment. Tues., Nov. 12, 8:00 p.m., Cooper- ative Nursery School Mothers spon- soring an open lecture, Mrs. Belle Murray, "The Child in the Home"; 8:00 p.m., Extension class in Span- ish meeting at Ross School. Wed.eNov. 13, 8:00 p.m., Prof.Wes- ley H. Maurer, "Books People Are Reading;' 7:30-9:30, Rev. Mr. Ed- wards, Religious and personal coun- seling, Room 8 (preferably by ap- pointment). Thurs., Nov. 14, 2:00 p.m., open class in Prenatal and Child Care, sponsored by the Washtenaw County Health Department. Topic: "Health of the Infant." Tea will be served; 8:00 p.m., Bridge session; 8:00 p.m., Extension class in psychology. Fri., Nov. 15, 8:00 p.m., Classical Recordings, Room 2 . West Lodge Activities: Sun., Nov. 10, 3.00 p.m., Concert Orchestra; 3:00 p.m., Classical Re- cordings, Weldon Wilson; 6:45 p.m., Official Football Pictures, U. of M. vs. Minnesota; 7:00 p.m., Informal bridge session; 8:00 p.m., Little The- atre Group. Mon., Nov. 11, 6:30 p.m., Basket- ball Tournament. Tues., Nov. 12 7:00 p.m., Athletic Directors meeting; 8:00 p.m., Wom- en's volleyball and badminton. Wed., Nov. 13, 6:30 p.m., Basket- ball League; 7:00 p.m., Duplicate Bridge Club; 7:00 p.m., Social Direc- tors meeting; 8:30 p.m., Dance en- tertainment committee meeting. Fri., Nov. 15, 8:30 p.m., U. of M. Student Dance with Jerry Edwards' Orchestra. Lectures University Lecture: William H. Chamberlin, author and foreign correspondent of The New. Leader, will speak on the subject, "British Foreign Policy under the Labor Gov- ernment," at 4:15 p.m., Mon., Nov. 18, in the Rackham Amphitheatre; auspices of the Department of His- tory. The public is cordially invited. The Mayo Lecture : Dr. John M. Waugh of the Mayo Clinic will give the annual Mayo Lecture Nov. 13, in; the main amphitheater of University Hospital at 8:00 p.m. His subject is "Carcinoma of the Rectosigmoid with Special Reference to Resection with Preservation of the Sphinc- ters." t1edical students, faculty, and anyon interested may attend. French Lecture: Professor Charles E. Koella, of the Department of Ro- mance Languages, will open the ser- ies of French lectures sponsored by the Cercle Francais at 4:10 p.m., Thurs., Nov. 14, in Room D, Alumni Memorial Hall. The title of his lec- ture is: "Topaze et autres pieces de Marcel Pagnol." Tickets for the series of lectures may be procured from the Secretary of the Romance Language Depart- ment (Room 112, RomanceaLanguag- es Bldg.) or at the door at the time of the lecture for a small sum. Mem- bers of the Cercle Francais are ad- mitted free upon presentation of their membership cards. These lec- tures are open to the general public. Academic Notices The preliminary examinations for the doctorate in English will be giv- en according to the following sched- ule: Nov. 27, American Literature; Nov. 30, English Literature 1700- 1900; Dec. 4, English Literature 1500 -1700; Dec. 7, English Literature, Be- ginnings to 1500. Anyone intending to take the examinations at this time should notify Professor Marck- wardt at once. Inorganic Chemistry Seminar will meet at 5:00 p.m., Tues., Nov. 12, in Room 303 Chemistry Bldg. Mr. J. E. Boggs will speak on "The Use of Mass Isotopes in Tracer Reactions and Rate Studies." All interested are invited. Mathematical Seminar on Dynam- ical Systems will meet at 3:00 p.m., Mon., Nov. 11, in Room 3201 Angell Hall. Prof. Kaplan will speak on "The Foundations of Mechanics." Mathematics 300: The orientation seminar will meet at 7:00 p.m., Mon., Nov. 11, in Room 3001 Angell Hall. Mr. Erskine will conclude the dis- cussion of last week and Mr. T. W. Hildebrandtwill discuss the Period of a Repeating Decimal. Topology Seminar at 4:30 p.m., Mon., Nov.11, in 3201 A.H. Mr. Span- ier will talk on "Dimension of n- Space." Concerts The Cleveland Orchestra, George Szell, Conductor, will give the third concert in the Choral Union Series, this evening at 7 o'clock. The audience is respectfullyrequested to come sufficiently early to be seated on time, since the doors will be closed during numbers. Program: cpmpositions bynSmetana, Britten, Strauss and Schubert. Student Recital: Carolyn Street, mezzo-soprano, will present a recital at 8:30 p.m., Wed., Nov. 13, in Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre, in partial ful- fillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music. Program: songs by Schumann, Bax, Harty, Carpenter, Aubert, Ravel and Chau- sson, and Nocturne by Lekue (con- cluding number) in which she will be accompanied by a string quartet. Miss Street is a pupil of Arthur Hackett. The public is invited. Student Recital: Carroll Meyer, pianist, will present a recital in par- tial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Music at 4:15 this afternoon in Lydia Men- delssohn Theatre. Program: compo- sitions by Bach, Mozart, Liszt and Chopin. During his study at the University, he was a pupil of Joseph Brinkman. Th6 program is open to the public. Exhibitions The Museum of Art presents "Four Centuries-" of Tapestry Weaving," in the galleries of Alumni Memorial Hall, Nov. 6 through Dec. 1* daily ex- cept Monday, 10-12 and 2-5; Sun- days, 2-5. The public is cordially invited. Human Heredity: Museum Rotun- da. Through November, 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. week days; 2:00 to 5:00 p.m. Sundays. Events Today The organizational meeting of 'the University of Michigan Upper Pen- insula Club will be held at 3:00 to- day at the League. As co-advisers we have faculty members C. B. Slaw- son, a geologist who has visited al- most every township in the U. P. and Mr. Long who was born in Calu- met and taught school in Iron River, and G. M. Stanley, another geologist who has visited the U. P. several times. Coming Events Sigma Xi. The Michigan Chapter will meet at 8:00 p.m., Wed., Nov. 13, in the Rackham Amphitheatre. A symposium on High Speed Aircraft speak on "The Textile Fibers." dially invited. Chemist Looks at The public is. cor- A.S.C.E.: The Student Chapter of the American Society of Civil En- gineers will meet in conjunction with the S.W.E. and A.I.Ch.E. presenta- tion of the film "Operation Cross- roads" at 8:00 p.m., Mon., Nov. 11, in the Main Lecture Hall, Rackham Bldg. A short business meeting will be held after the film. Tickets may be secured from any A.S.C.E. of- ficer or in Room 2028 E. Eng. Bldg. Everyone is invited. Kappa, Michigan Chapter of Delta Phi Epsilon, First Professional For- eign Service Fraternity, invites all students interested in foreign service or trade to attend a smoker at the Union, Wed., Nov. 13, at 7:30 p.m. There will be an informal discussion of these topics pertinent to the pres- ent world situation. Amateur Astronomers will meet at 7:30 p.m., Mon., Nov. 11, at the University of Michigan, Observatory opposite the University Hospital. Dr. Hazel Losh will speak on the subject, "Astronomy: How It All Began." Plans for a special program of ac- tivity for those interested in tele- scope making will be announced. All interested in astronomy are invited to attend. Triangles: All members and past members of Triangle are asked to be present at a very important pol- icy meeting Mon., Nov. 11, at 4:30 p.m., in the Union. "Factors Controlling the Flow of Fluids Through Porous Media" is the subject of a paper by LloydE.Brown- ell, Instructor, to be presented at a meeting of the Graduate Students and, Faculty of the, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engin- eering, Tues., Nov. 12 ,at 4:15 p.m., in the Rackham Amphitheatre. Hindustan Association: "U.N. and the Colonial Problem," a lecture by Dr. P. W. Slosson of the Departbent of History, Tues.,Nov. 12, at 7:30 p.m., in Room 32 1-25, Union. The public is cordially invited to attend. Members of the Sociedad Hispan- ica are invited to meet for informal Spanish conversation at the Inter- national Center at 4:00 p.m., Mon., Nov. 11. La p'tite causette: Tues., Nov. 12, at 3:30 p.m. in the Grill Room of the League, will start "La p'tite caus- ette," a circle for informal French conversation under the auspices of Le Cercle Francais, which will meet each Tuesday and Thursday, except when there are conflicts with French lectures. All students and faculty members are invited to join. Underwriters Club will hold a so- cial meeting Monday evening, Nov. 11, Michigan League. The Ball and Chain Club will hold its regular meeting at 7:45 p.m., Mon., Nov. 11, in the Rehearsal Room of the League. All veterans' wives are invited to attend. Assistant Teachers for League Dancing Classes are requested to at- tend a mass meeting at 5:00 p.m., Mon., Nov. 11, at the League. Master of Ceremonies tryouts for the Casbah floorshow will be held at 7:30 p.m., Tues., Nov. 12, in the League. Any emcee who has pre- viously applied, yet has not had the opportunity to try out, and any other student who would be interested in - emceeing at the Casbah is asked to be present with a brief routine pre- pared. (Continued on Page 6) Fifty-Seventh Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the author- ity of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Editorial Staff Robert Goldman........Managing Editor Milton Freudenheim.....Editorial Director Clayton Dickey.................City Editor Mary Brush...............Associate Editor Ann Kutz.................Associate Editor Paul Harsha.............Associate Editor Clark Baker..............Sports Editor Des Howarth.......Associate Sports Editor Jack Martin....... Associate Sports Editor Joan Wilk...............Women's Editor Lynne Ford......Associate Women's Editor Business Staff Robert E. Potter........Business Manager Evelyn Mills... Associate Business Manager Janet Cork.... Associate Business Manager Telephone 23-24-1 Member of The Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively en- titled to the use for re-publication of all news dispatches credited to it or otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights of re-publication of all other matters herein are also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second-class mail matter. Subscription during the regular school year by carrier, $5.00, by mail, $6.00. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN What~ ;e onWax Union Cafeteria To th Editor: The letter on the Student (?) Union encourag- es mec t: "put in my nickels' worth." There are many reasons why the cafeteria service may not be what it was in the past, but surely there is no excuse for the utter filth that exists! The °arved table-tops are a tradition of so long ago that I certainly do not want them changed, but the very existence of the sacred tradition de- mands more minute care in cleanliness. I have yet to find a table upon which I have not had to move the remains of a predecessor's repast: push- ing away dirty trays, food-scarred dishes, crump- led paper napkins, cigarette butts, etc. Having cleared a place to put my collection, I find my sleeve stuck to yesterday's jam on the table- edge! The tables on the right side dining room, as one enters, have more egg-yokes, jam-spots, grease-smears, milk stains, and like booby-traps than in the other dining room-a dubious honor to say the least. There is something strange about that collec- tion of bobby-soxers who flit, dirty dish-cloth in hand, among the sticky tables. Are they sup- posed to be "bus-boys"-the cleanup squad? If so, they do a first-class job of mess'n up an al- ready messy mess! A constructive suggestion, I think, is to get someone on the job to keep the dining rooms cleaned up-more help, or more efficient! As for the manner in which the foodwis serv- ed, the graciousness and etiquette from salad-girl to cashier leaves me speechless; let someone else tackle that. Is it supposed to be a Student Un- ion? Great heavens! I always supposed it was a burlesque of How to Alienate People Hotel Man- agement Plan! -Bill MacIntosh, '40 Jazz At the Philharmonic No. 2: Four 12" sides, Blues For Norman and I Can't Get Started. BLUES OPENS WITH needle-like trumpet by Howard McGhee who plays fine be-bop horn with more continuity than Dizzy Gillespie. Les- ter "The Prez" Young takes off next with his fluid tenor sax and blows about the best stuff on the whole disc. The rest of the record fea- tures work by Willie Smith, alto, Arnold Ross, piano, Charlie Parker, alto, and Al Killian, a Barnet man, on trumpet. I Can't Get Started has more tasty McGhee and Lester, a smooth, relaxed solo by Willie Smith that contrasts nice- ly to the shrill curious alto work of be-bopper Charlie Parker. Lee Young's drumming holds the group together with a very solid unobstru- sive beat. This album is far from sensational, lacking the drive and punch of the first album in the Norman Granz series. (Disc) Bobby Sherwood, Sherwood Forest (Capitol): This supposedly is the latest thing in ultra- modern jazz. Granted that it is a colorful and well-executed arrangement, but it is another at- tempt to blend jazz with the works of the mod- ern "serious" composers-aid Stravinsky's Fire- bird had better treatment years ago by the Phil- adelphia Orchestra. Artie Shaw Plays Cole Porter: The quality of Shaw's music must fluctuate with his marital status. These records sound meiore like Andre Kostelanetz that the Shaw of Beguine The Be- guine and Back Bay Shuffle fame. Artie has added a flute, oboe, and tremendous string sec- tion to his band and the results certainly are not jazz. Moments of I've Got You Under My Skin sound like the old Shaw, but the rest of the sides in this album are strictly commercial. Pleasant listening, however. (Musicraft) -Malcolm Raphael But They Like Rain WE PASS along without comment the follow- ing testimonial by Parks Johnson and War- ren Hull, radio interviewers, telling why they rate Ann Arbor as one of "America's 12 Most BARNABY -C~pyngh,1946 . N.,pop., PFInt Re. U. 5. .OR. What? That little cigar-smoking pixie wants to sell me a raffle It's one way of getting a car, son- Prosbablv But what are my chances of buying the winning ticket? As good as the next . acK mor/~. i i i I