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FAIR AND
WIARMER
VOL. LVI, No. 150 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, MAY 26, 1946
PRICE FIVE CENTS
House
Passes
Legislation
for
Industrial
I
mergencyDraft asRailroad Strike I
inds
Psychology Root
Of A-Bomb Fear
Sociologists Say Secrecy, Rivalries
Factors in Present World Distress
By ROBERT GOLDMAN
Man's psychology, not the atomic bomb, has plunged the world into an
era of the "dark and fearful unknown."
That's the opinion of the Committee on International Peace of the
Society for the Psychological Study of Social Eisues. Prof. Theodore New-
comb of the University sociology department, chairman of the Society, re-
leased the statement yesterday.
Factors in Fear
"Our fear of the atomic bomb does not stem from the real danger" the
statement declared, "but from three factors":
(1) the policy of "secrecy" renders us "confused and ignorant"; (2)
"military control of atomic energy creates the 'mental set' which leads
-people to think of atomic energy only
as an instrument for war"; and (3)
Survev Reveals the intense rivalries among nations
for access to atomic power suggests
} ithat the world is full of sovereign
Food Production ahr n
FoodP rod ctio on states preparing for aggression.
J m "We must see the importance of
D Y1118 ear our own ways of thinking for pre-
venting war and controlling the use
of atomic energy," the scientists
Total Supplies Are far warned. "No cannon, no airplane,
Below Pre-War Level no atomic bomb can declare war.
Only man can do that."
WASHINGTON, May 25--)-The Cooperative Endeavor
Krug, Lewis'
Fail To Reach
Coal Compact
Work Truce Will
Expire at Midnight
1
Agriculture Department reported to-
night that a spring survey indicates,
the famine-plagued world will pro-
duce more food this year than last,
but that total supplies will be below,
pre-war levels and short of require-;
ments.
Hence, it said, effective conserva-
tion and distribution of supplies, in-
ternationally and within deficit pro-
ducing countries, will be necessary
throughout the 1946-47 season if an-
other critical food shortage is to be
avoided next spring.
Crop Conditions Favorable
Reports from this country's agri-
cultural attaches abroad show that,
as of, mid-May, crop conditions in'
nearly all parts of the northern'
hemisphere thus far have been more'
favorable than a year earlier. A sig-
nificant increase in acreage is ex-
pected and yields should be better
than in 1945.1
The department said, however, that+
acreages in most of the war-torn+
areas are considerably below normal;
and improvement of yields is limited+
by shortage of fertilizers and the
shortage and poor quality of seed,
work stock and equipment.
90 Per Cent Output
While the production season in the
southern hemisphere is six months
later than that of the northern
hemisphere, some expansion in food
output was reported likely.
Thel department said the prospec-
tive total food output in continental
Europe for the consumption year of1
1946-47 may now be estimated at be-1
tween 88 and 90 per cent of pre-war.
Output in 1945-46 was said to have
been probably only 80 per cent, or
even somewhat less, compared with
the 1933-37 average.-
Jury Acquits
Prosecutor Rae
After 23 minutes of deliberation, a
jury of three men and three women
brought in a unanimous verdict of
not guilty in the trial of Washtenaw
County Prosecutor John W. Rae on
disorderly charges before Municipal
Judge Jay H. Payne yesterday after-
noon.
The verdict hinged on controver-
sial testimony by witnesses for the
prosecution and defense as to whether1
or not Rae was intoxicated on Jan.
12 when his automobile slid into a
ditch on U.S. Highway 23.
Rae and two friends who accom-
panied him on a trip to Lansing on
that date testified that he had only
two drinks during the entire journey.
Defense Attorney Louis E. Burke
declared the case to be a "political
frame-up," since Sheriff John L. Os-
born had admitted that the warrant
for Rae's arrest was not filed until
more than two months had elapsed
after the incident.
"Just as atomic fission was ac-
complished bycooperative physical
research, the fear which it created
can and must be disspelled by co-
operative social endeavor," the state-
ment asserted.
In order to end the fear which
accompanied the development of the
A-Bomb, the scientists urge a six-
point program which includes free
dissemination of literature concern-
ing atomic development, internation-
al control of atomic energy, and ces-I
sation of atomic bomb manufacture.
Emphasize Benefits
In addition, the scientists urged
that "possible benefits of atomic en-
ergy must be emphasized and devel-
oped."
The atmosphere of demoralizing
fear which surrounds the phrase
"atomic energy" can be reduced by
presenting the facts in honest, un-
exaggerated "peacetime" terms. At-
omic energy must not be thought of
as "destructive lightning", the sci-
entists said.
The Committee drew up the state-
ment at the request of the, Federa-
tion of American Scientists.
Hairht Seeks
Habeas Corpus
TOLEDO, O., May 25.-(/P)-Con-
tinuing his fight against extradition'
to Michigan to face charges of gam-
bling conspiracy, William C. Haight,
of Ann Arbor, has petitioned for his
release on a writ of habeas corpus.
Gov. Frank J. Lausch signed an
extradition order, but Haight's at-
torney contends it was illegal because
Haight was not given a certified copy
of the indictment returned against
him in Washtenaw County.
Judge Harry Straud set a hearing
for June 4 in Common Pleas Court.
EXECUTIVE POLICY:
By The Associated Press
WASHIrNGTON*, May 25-Secre-1
tary of the Interior J. A. Kiug failed
tonight to reach a settlement with
John L. Lewis on the coal strike, and
the current working truce in the na-
tion's mines was left to expire at
midnight.
Krug, however, appealed direct to
the coal diggers to come back to the1
federally seized pits Monday.
More Talks Tomorrow
The way was left open for a last- P°;
hour settlement with announcement
that there will be more talks tomor-j
row at an 'hour yet to be fixed,
Krug's announcement of "no agree-
ment" and his plea to the miners,
were made at the end of a confer-
ence of nearly three hours with the RAIL TRAVELERS STRANDED B
United Mine Workers head. They Thousands of commuters and other
went into session about an hour after Central Station in New York, strand
President Truman had asked Con-
gress for "drastic" legislation to cure
strikes started or continued after gov- Unbeaten OSU
ernment seizure.
Lewis himself had nothing at all UpT et#
to say. ThiEn 1atdst3Upset5
Lewis Hears Government Position Mi h a5
Lewis was advised at a session this }IIChigan, 67-55
mornipg of the government's position
on his contract demands, and the
late day meeting was called to get l.uffLead Buckeyes;9
his reply. Johnson Cops 100, 22()
A spokesman for Krug, besides re-I
porting the failure to agree, said Cracking a 29-year jinx, a strong
there was "no extension of the truce." Ohio State track team upset Michi-
Asked to explain this, he said, gan's thinclads, 67-55, yesterday on
"Mr. Krug says that Mr. Lewis' posi- the Ferry Field cinders in a steady
tion is the same as it has been all rain, marking the first time the
along - that he cannot take any ac- Buckeyes have been able to turn
tion which interferes with the min- the trick on the Wolverines' home
ers in view of the Smith-Connally grounds.
War Labor Disputes Act." Top thorn in Michigan's side was
the Buckeyes' Lloyd Duff, who won
tu Iboth hurdles events, the pole vault,
Le trfe Oerts and placed second in the broad
jump, for a total of 18 points. High
man for the Wolverines with 11 1-4
l Ctepoints was sprinter Val Johnson,
who won the 100-yard dash, the 220,
Professor Gjelsness and ran on the winning mile relay
team. His times of 10.0 and 22.0 in
To Speak Tomorrow the sprints were excellent under the
prevailing weather conditions.
The literary college lecture series The day started off on an ominous
on career opportunities and training note when Bill Clifford, Ohio's Big
will continue at 4:30 p.m. tomorrow Ten mile champion, beat Bob Thom-
in Rm. 1025 Angell Hall when Prof. ason by five yards in the four-lap
race, his time being 4:28.5. However,
Rudolph Gjelsness, chairman of the Hugh Short of Michigan came
Department of Library Science, will through in the 440 with a 49.4, win-'
speak on "The Librarian." ing the event. Wolverine Hap Cole-
"Little Known Professional Op- man, under instructions to save him-
portunities" will be discussed Tues- self for the later events, almost saved
day by Dr. Frank Fletcher and Dr. too much, and had to come from'
Frederick Harris of the Bureau of last place in the final 50 yards to
Psychological Service. take second.
Other speakers in the vocational After Johnson won the century
guidance series are Dr. Dorothy Sher- dash, the outlook became gloomier,
man and Wilma Eldersvald, of the See OHIO TRACK WIN, Page 3
Bureau of Psychological Service, who -----------
will speak on "Vocational Opportuni- ;o7 I
ties for Women" Wednesday. ' I(f , roO n X
The series will be concluded June P1 E'®Itto Skit
4 by Prof. William Haber, of the
economics department, who will dis-s
cuss "Occupational Trends and Job "Aaapleschnook spelled with threea
Prospects." a's) a skit presented by the Wol-
STRIKE AT GRAND CENTRAL-
r railroad travelers stand in Grand
led by the railroad strike.
Famine Relief
Fund Collectionus
Due Tomorrow
Student Residences
Will Be Canvassed
The Famine Committee will con-
tinue its relief drive and food con-
servation program on campus this
week with a collection of funds to-
morrow and observance of the Uni-
versity's fourth famine-day Tuesday.
Each student residence has been
asked by the committee to organize a
program of individual weekly collec-
tions. Returns from the first week's
collections are to be turned in be-
tween 8 a.m. and noon tomorrow at
a special table in the lobby of the
League. "In order to help us keer
a record of house contributions, we
should appreciate having funds sub-
mitted in sealed envelopes with the
name of the contributing residence,"
Rowland L. Westervelt, treasurer o
the committee, said.
"Food conservation is of equal im-
portance to contributions of funds,'
Bruce Cooke, committee chairman,
pointed out yesterday.
MYDA Opposes
. d_
StrikeControl
A telegram expressing opposition
to legislation which penalizes strikes
against government-seized properties
was sent yesterday to Sen. Arthur
M. Vandenberg by the executive com-
mittee of the Michigan Youth for
Democratic Action.
The text of the telegram follows:
"MICHIGAN YOUTH FOR DEMO-
CRATIC ACTION URGES THAI
YOU AS MINORITY LEADER OF
THE SENATE VOTE AGAINST THE
LABOR CONTROL BILL DEPRIV-
ING MILLIONS OF WORKING PEO.
PLE OF THEIR INHERENT RIGHI
TO STRIKE. WE PROTEST THIS
BILL AS BEING COMPLETELY
CONTRARY TO OUR DEMOCRAT-
IC SYSTEM."
RAIL STRIKE EFFECTS:
Truman Asks Congress
For Strike-Control Bill
AnnoUices Agreement Between Railroad
Unions, Carriers During Emergency Speech
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, May 25-The railroad strike ended suddenly today
only minutes before President Truman asked, and got, action on legislation
to permit drafting of men for industrial emergencies and penalizing strikes
against government-seized properties.
The measure, Mr. Truman told the lawmakers, is "necessary for the
preservation of our government."
The House responded with an exceptional burst of speed, passing
and sending to the Senate exactly what the President asked.
So far as the rail walkout was concerned the legislation no longer was
needed. Representatives of the car- * *
riers and two striking unions -- en-
gineers and trainmen - signed at a ena e Dela s
downtown hotel an agreement halting
the strike. Then they went on a hand- Trum an Strke
shaingspree. L
Mr. Truman announced to a Bill
wildly whooping Congress that theBiwasvrGmpusln
strike was over. Grim, unsmiling,
he interrupted an address to a joint President's Plea Gains
Senate-House session at the point
where he said: Favorable House Vote
"I request the Congress immediate-
ly to authorize the President to draft WASHINGTON, May 25 - (1P) -
into the armed forces of the United Drastic legislation that President
States all workers who are on strike Truman demanded to draft workers
against their government." in emergency and penalize strik-
While legislators howled their ap- ers against the government sailed
proval for that, Senate Secretary through the House today but hung
Leslie Biflie leaned over and whis- up until Monday on a Senate snag.
pered to the chief executive. The Senate passed instead tonight
"Word has just beenreceived," he a stringent labor disputes measure
said, "that the rail strike has been of its own, 49 to 29. It was a measure
settled on terms proposed by the akin to the Case strike-control bill
government." already approved by the House. Now
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That produced another tremendous
outburst.
The basis of agreement was a com-
promise plan Mr. Truman 'himself
had offered. It provides for a pay
raise of 16 cents an hour retroactive
to Jan. 1, an additional boost of 2%
cents effective May 22 - two days
ago, when the strike began - and
no change in working rules for a
year.
The settlement was completed
three minutes before the 4 p.m.
EST deadline the President had set
for strikers to give in. Otherwise,
he said, he would use troops to run
and protect trains.
Soldiers were standing by at rail-
road centers to do just that.
Government and railroad officials
predicted rail service would be near-
ly back to normal tomorrow. How
long the government would continue
to operate the lines it took over last
Wednesday remained uncertain.
A. F. Whitney, president of the
trainmen, glumly declared "We lost
our case." In 'San Francisco, P. O.
Peterson, general chairman of the
engineers on the Southern Pacific
Railroad, told a reporter:
"Our position still is that the
President has Just betrayed Ameri-
can labor - and the American pub-
lic, as well."
The striking brotherhoods had of-
fered to go back to work if they
got the 16-cent raise and seven
changes in working rues recommend-
ed by a federal fact-finding board.
* *
Pepper Criticizes.
T r trant s Policy
WASHINGTON, May 25 -(/P)-
Senator Pepper (Dem., Fla.), criti-
cizing President Truman's strike-
control legislation today as giving the
executive "unrestrained power over
life, liberty and property," predicted
the President will "regret this day."
Pepper also asserted Mr. Truman
will regret his proposal to draft work-
ers for government-seized plants in-'
volved in shutdowns.
It is up to the House to act on Senate
changes.
Just before the Senate adjourned
Democratic Leader Barkley got un-
animous agreement to make Mr. Tru-
man's new measure the first item of
business on the slate for Monday.
It was a thumping 306 to 13 vote
that whipped that bill through the
House late today. Mr. Truman had
made a personal appeal for the legis-
lation at a joint Senate-House ses-
sion.
Tram Service
Is Resumed
Government Cancels
Emergency Orders
By The Associated Press
Within an hour after the railroad
strike collapsed late yesterday, trains
began leaving the nation's terminals,
and the government moved to fore-
stall any future paralysis of the
nation's economy by labor disputes.
Most railroads expected resump-
tion of normal passenger and freight
schedules by today, and the govern-
ment cancelled emergency orders and
preparations.
The back-to-work order brought
these developments:
1. The railroads immediately be-
gan scheduling trains.
2. The Postmaster General ordered
normal mail service restored to the
country at 5 p.m., ending a partial
strike embargo.
3. An order for the movement of
3,000 troops by air from Campbell,
Ky., to Chicago was cancelled by
the War Department.
Thomas .Deplores
Truman's Request
DETROIT, May 25.-WP)-R. J.
Thomas, vice president of the CIO
United Auto Workers, said tonight
that President Truman's request for
legislation empowering him to draft
men for industries in strike emer-
gencies "sounds very bad to me".
"The legislation would have. no
effect on auto workers, as I under-
stand it, but I am opposed to it on
general union priciples. We have a
democracy in this country but when
the President starts drafting men to
force them to work against their will,
our democracy will have broken
down."
Meat, Dairy Products
Ceiling To Lift June 30
WASHINGTON, May 25-0P)-The
Senate Banking Committee voted to-
day to lift nrice controls from meat
Dorr Approves Truman's
Approach to Rail Strikers
kowsky-Art Players, was awarded a
loving-cup for the best performance
in Hillelzapoppin last night at Lydia
Mendelssohn Theatre.
"The Balalaika Murder Case" (it
was done with a fiddle string) took
second place in the variety show.
Phi Sigma Delta produced the mys-
tery in a cafe in old Russia.
The show was presented by the
B'nai B'rith Hillel Foundation. Pro-
ceeds will be contributed to the Ann
Arbor Allied Jewish Appeal. The per-
formance was a revival of pre-war
President Truman's approach to
the railroad brotherhoods in his
speech Friday night was "wise both
f om political and legal points of
view," Prof. Harold M. Dorr of the
political science department asserted
in an interview yesterday.
In the first place, the authority
of the government under existing
legislation is "extremely limited."
In case the president had evoked
such authority by ordering the
armed forces to take over and oper-
ate the railroads, it is extremely
doubtful, Prof. Dorr added, whether
ar nnof+ha rpw e Amm.o ilnnmn-a
"It is entirely too early to antici-
pate the political consequences of
the President's speech," Prof. Dorr
stated. "He declared himself a friend
of labor and cited his records both Hillelzapoppin. the first campus mu-
as a senator and as president of the sical-comedy revue.
United States. It is obvious that he
was careful to avoid political irrita- i. or
tions on either the side of labor or L~Uepresentaio11
of management." At r u Doubtful
Political prognosticators have as--A 1 ragtie
serted that democratic success in
the off-year elections of 1946 as University representation at the
well as the presidential election of World Student Conference in Prague
1948, depends upon the continued next August appeared doubtful yes-
loyal support of organized labor, terday following receipt of a telegram
Michigan Central Reports
Three Trains Go Through City
The Michigan Central station re- available was in use. Some subur-
ported yesterday'that three passenger ban buses were borrowed from Wy-
trains had gone through Ann Arbor, andotte to use on inter-city runs
but no freight trains had passed. yesterday, the spokesman said.
Two of the passenger trains were "People are flooding the station,"
going to Chicago, and one came he reported, adding that in Ann
from Chicago. The trains were car- Arbor most would-be travellers
rying mail and a few passengers, have been "pretty lucky" in getting
a sioinsn nokesman said. iets. In larxr cities. the snokes-