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VOL. LVI, No. 142 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, MAY 17, 1946
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Lewis,
Mine
Owners
Reject
Truman Moves To
Avert Rail Strike
President Pla1s To Seize Railroads
If Unions Fail To Extend 'i Ia i It
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, May 16-A White House official said late today that
President Truman may ask railroad and union representatives to confer
with him tomorrow in an effort to break the deadlock in wage negotiations
and prevent a country-wide rail strike set for 4 p.m., Saturday.
This was disclosed after the President told a news conference that he
still plans to seize the roads if there is no agreement in time to keep them
running. He expressed the hope this would not become necessary.
Representatives of the carriers and the brotherhoods of railroad train-
men and engineers reported to the W
Miisters Close
Paris Session
Until June 1E$
Italian, Balkan Peace
Treaties Cause Strife
PARIS, May 16-/P)-The four-
power Foreign Ministers Conference
recessed today to June 15 after more
than three weeks of discord between
Russia and the Western nations over
major issues in the peace treaties with
Italy and the Balkans.
Despite the fact that the confer-
ence ended in a deadlock, U.S. Sec-
retary of State James F. Byrnes said
he was not discouraged.
Revised Armistice
Just before adjournment, the min-
isters initialed a revised armistice for
Italy liberalizing controls over the
former Axis partner'to aid her recon-
struction.
Terms of the armistice will not be
published until approved by the Su-
preme Allied Commander for Italy,
American sources said, but it was be-
lieved to include abolition of the
Allied control council.
The ministers, failed, however, to
reach an agreement on the question
of a peace treaty for Germany.
Minor Accord
One minor agreement was reached
during the day when the Russians
accepted an American proposal to in-
vestigate the progress of German dis-
armament.
Officials in the American delega-
tion stressed that the conference had
produced these accomplishments:
1-A complete and exhaustive ex-
change of views. Each of the four
foreign ministers knows how the
others stand. The ministers have
turned the points of disagreement ov-
er to their deputies for further exam
ination before they reassemble in
Paris June 15.
2-Terms of the Italian armistice
have been liberalized.
3-With the fixing of the reassem-
bly date contact has been maintained
between Russia and the Western na-
tions.
4-There have been agreements on
a number of minor matters in the
various treaties under consideration.
Hastings Talks
At Annual Phi
Beta Banquet
Prof. William T. Hastings of the
English department of Brown Uni-
versity spoke on "Phi Beta Kappa
and the State of the Union" at the
thirty-eighth annual Initiation Ban-
quet of Phi Beta Kappa last evening
in the League Ballroom.
Prof. Hastings stressed what Phi
Beta Kappa members could accom-
plsh by disciplined intelligence to
liberalize culture and become com-
munity leaders toward a positive, h u-
mane goal. He pointed out that pre
sent day thought must not gravitate
toward cynicism and despair but
must keep to the pre-war trend of
hope and idealism about the future.
Marcia Ann Wellman and Ray-
mond Kilpela, recent initiates, pre-
sented talks about the student atti-
tude toward Phi Beta Kappa and the
social role open to them.,
The Junior Award for outstanding
scholarship was presented to Mar-I
jorie Lois Van Eenam.
New initiates not previously listed
ar: Marv Beth Klenner. William J.7
hite House earlier in the day their in-
ability to agree on a modified wage
proposal by the unions. They talked
to Dr. John R. Steelman, presidential
special assistant in labor matters.
Standing By
Steelman said after the President's
news conference that he had not been
able to communicate the develop-
ment to the President, but that he
had been in touch with both sides
and asked them to stand by.
The next move appeared to be up
to the White House, and Steelman
said another alternative besides seiz-
ure or arbitration was a request by
the President that the negotiators'
try again to agree.
The President told reporters he isl
still working on the rail strike
threat, but could say nothing more
at this time. He said he hoped the
negotiators who broke up this morn-
ing over a modified wage increase
proposed by the two operating unions
would still be able to get together.
Seizure In Order
Asked if he still planned to seize
the roads if no settlement were reach-
ed before the strike deadline, he re-
plied certainly, but added he hoped
this would not be necessary. He said
he had been in communication with
both sides, but said neither group had
communicated with him today. Dr.
Steelman cleared this up later by
saying the negotiators reported to
him. The President had not asked
for a report until Friday.
No Comment
Union heads would not say whether
the workers would remain on the job
under government operation. There
was some question whether a walk-
out under those circumstances would
constitute a violation of the Smith-
Connally Act.
A. F. Whitney, president of the
Brotherhood of Trainmen, when ask-
ed whether the men would continue
to work - for the government - re-
plied that the men received their
strike instructions a month ago. Some
persons contend this would relieve
union heads from responsibility un-
der the Smith-Connally law.
Non-Fathers
26 to 29 :fall
Under Draft
President Backs
New Induction Law
WASHINGTON, May 16-WP) -
Drafting of non-fathers who are 26
through 29 years of age was author-
ized today by President Truman to
save what we can from the near
wreckage of the Selective Service sys-
tem."
Conscription of men in that age
group was stopped by the President
shortly after the fall of Japan. Mr.
Truman announced in a news con-
ference statement that he was au-
thorizing the War and Navy Secretar-
ies to call upon Selective Service for
the induction of such men.
The President repeated his cri-
ticism, made Tuesday night when he
signed the 45-day draft extension
law which stopped the induction of
teen-age boys and fathers, that it was
"bad legislation." Under the draft
extension act and Mr. Truman's au-
thorizatioi today all men except fa-
thers, between 20 and 30 years of age
are subject to induction call.
"It is to be hoped," he said, "that
before July first, when the present
extension expires, the Congress will
extend Selective Service for a year
in a form that will meet the nation's
requirements."
To illustrate his assertion that the
extension law was "loosely drawn,"
the President said it provided that
men up to 35 years, seven months of
age could be drafted, although "seem-
ingly it was the intent of Congress
to include only those now under 30."
He said there also was nothing in the
law to prevent the re-induction of
men already discharged.
The War Department does not want
men over 30 years of age, he said, and
men over that age will not be re-
classified.
Engine School
Is Restricted to
State Residents
The College of Engineering has
been accepting only Michigan veter-
ans and other Michigan residents for
some time now, and this policy will
be continued next fall, Dean Ivan C.
Crawford of the College of Engineer-
ing said yesterday.
At least 3,200 undergraduate stu-
dents are expected to enroll in the
College of Engineering next fall. At
the present 2,300 undergraduate stu-
dents and 250 graduate students are
enrolled in this college. "Enrollment
promises to be especially high in the
first and second year classes," Dean
Crawford said.
The classification committee of the
engineering college is studying sched-
ules and rooms so that every avail-
able room and laboratory will be
used with the greatest efficiency, thus
enabling the college to properly ac-
commodate as many students as pos-
sible.
"Instructors report that veterans
are a very serious-minded group,"
Dean Crawford commented. "They
are here for intensive work and in
general their performance is some-
what better than that of the stu-
dents of prewar days."
Arbitration
Legal Alternative
IsSeizure ofMines
Obligatory Arbitration Law, Strike Ban
Demanded by Production Administrator
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, May 16-John L. Lewis and coal operators tonight re-
jected a Presidential proposal that they submit their dispute to binding
arbitration.
President Truman immediately cancelled a week-end trip to Missouri
in order to seek some new method of averting another walkout of soft coal
miners when the present truce expires May 25.
Emerging from the President's office later, Secretary of Labor Schwel-
lenbach told reporters that the "only legal power the government has" in
the event of a complete breakdown-
THE END OF A LONG SPEECH - Sen. William Langer, above (Rep.-
N.D.) drinks a glass of water in his office in Washington, D. C., after
speaking more than four hours in the Senate opposing peacetime con-
scription. When he finished, the Senate approved and sent to the
White House, for President Truman's signature, a stop-gap extension
of the War-time Draft Act until July 1.
DRAFT WARNING:
Mant Shortagre Ma Necesitate
Induction of Vets -- Kallenbach
B-17 Crash Kills
Two, In jures Seven.
FAIRFAX, Calif., May 16-(/P)-A
flying fortress crash, whose after-
ihath was cloaked in such Army
secrecy that an unconfirmed report
circulated it was an atom bomb plane,
killed two Army men and injured
seven others today an a ridge in
Marin county, north of San Fran-
cisco.
Tonight as reports filtered in on
the crash, another unconfirmed one
was made public by a Navy spokes-
man of the Western Sea Frontier in
San Francisco that a plane may have
crashed this afternoon against Mt.
Shasta in northern California.
By CLYDE RECXHT
"Veterans should now become
aware of the possibility that they
could be drafted again," Prof. Joseph
E. Kallenbach of the political sci-
ence department said yesterday in
a statement on the future of the draft
situation..
The Selective Service Bureau has
declared that the present stop-gap
draft law exempting fathers and
teen-agers leaves a total of 71,860
men in the *hole country between
the ages of 20 and 30 not previously
drafted or enlisted, and that fully
half of these would be found physi-
cally or mentally unacceptable.
Three Alternatives
Such a dearth of prospective man-
power, Prof. Kallenbach pointed out,
leaves only three alternatives:
Strike Outlaw
Motiort Given
Cool Recepv-tiont
WASHINGTON, May 16 - (/P) - A
suggestion from civilian production
administrator John D. Small that
Congress outlaw strikes for six
months met with a cold reception in
Congress today.
It was labelled unworkable by sen-
ators on both sides of embattled lines
over labor disputes legislation.
That was the one point of agree-
ment in a day of Senate debate
which heard charges of "filibuster"
from senators pressing for enactment
of some restrictions on union activi-
ties.
Senator Ball (R-Minn) called thel
opposition tactics a filibuster after
Senator Taylor (D-Idaho) went into
a long talk about Russia, interspersed
with reading of lengthy newspaper
clippings. Taylor began his speechl
after Senator Pepper (D-Fla), who
had held the floor since Monday, fin-
ally surrendered it.
Ball asked unanimous consent for
a limitation on debate but Chair-
man Murray (D-Mont) of the labor
committee objected. Murray, Pepper
and Taylor are among a small group
which has vowed to fight to the last
ditch against any legislation which
would "undermine and destroy" labor.
While refusing to agree to a limi-
tation of debate, Murray denied that
any filibuster is occurring or is con-
te-mplated.
Small's idea. put forward in a
statement, created a brief stir at the
Capitol. It quickly subsided, however,
when President Truman washed his
hands of it. The President told a
news conference the CPA head spoke
without his knowledge.
Pasha Attacks Disunity
Among World Powers
NEW YORK, May 16--P---/Dr.
Hafez Afifi Pasha, retiring president
of h TTnitrd Nations Security Coun-
First, one solution may be to keep
those already in the armed forces
for a longer period than is the cur-
rent practice, since there is now no
immediate prospect for replace-
ments. However, this measure would
certainly cause much pressure on
Congress from the parents of those
affected.
A second solution may be to revise
our pras&rt occupation policies by
reducing our forces further. This
would mean alloving our Army to de-
teriorate to such a low level that the
result would be an inability to carry
out any eff ctive long term planning
occupation of Germany or Japan.
Most Remote
Third, and most remote is the pos-
sibility of furnishing replacements to
the Army by calling back those veter-
ans who hlae relatively short terms
of service to their credit. This, how-
ever, would seem improbable, for
popular reaction to such a policy
would be extremely strong from those
affected. Thc flood of protest mail
would no doubt inundate Congress.
The conclusion to be drawn, Prof.
Kallenoach said, is that perhaps the
course taKen by the House, to which
the President and Senate have been
forced to accede, is not necessarily
the least dangerous thing to do from
the point of view of political expedi-
ency. No matter what course is adop-
ted eve-atually as our elective ser-
vice policy, Congress is bound to make
enemies in one quarter or another.
Fleet, Stpervisors
Will Be Rewarded
Certificates will be awarded this
evening to more than:35 motor ve-
hidle fleet supervisors who will com-
plete the University's short course
in selecting, training and supervis-
ing fleet personnel.
Dean Ivan C. Crawford of the Col-
lege of Engineering will present the
ce :tificates at the graduation dinner
w rich will be presided over by Roger
T. Morrison, Professor of Highway
Lngineering and Transport and
course director. Norman Damon, vice-
president of the Automotive Safety
Foundation, will speak at the dinner.
The supervisors earned their certi-
ficates in part by personally driving
cumbersome trucks and buses to dem-
onstrate their skill this week.
AS WOODEN SHOES CLA
is seizure of the mines. But he added
that "we haven't yet reached a point
of deciding on seizure."
Schwellenbach said that in the lat-
est conference with the President
there were indications on both sides
"there might be a desire to reopen
negotiations."
Balk At Arbitration On Health
The operators were willing to arbi-
trate on wages and hours, the White
House said, but they balked at ar-
bitration on the health and welfare
fund demand. John L. Lewis took the
position that his union negotiating
committee is not authorized to arbi-
trate anything, according to Charles
Ross, presidential secretary.
Even before the twin rejections
of arbitration were given to the Pres-
ident, his production administrator,
John D. Small, speaking unofficially,
demanded that Congress require the
parties to arbitrate by law and ban
all strikes for six months. Small de-
nounced Lewis as a breeder of in-
dustrial "chaos."
Representatives Asked To Stand By
As the latest presidential effort to
gain a settlement came to nothing,
Ross told reporters that "representa-
tives of the mine workers and the
operators were asked to "stand by
for further conversations." When
these talks would be held was not
indicated.
But the President, in announcing
his arbitration proposal, had said
the parties had told him their dis-
cussions "had completely broken
down and that further negotiations
would be useless."
The President advanced his sugges-
tion for arbitration at a 10-minute
conference with Lewis and Charles
O'Neill of the operators this morn-
ing, and got his answer at 5:30 p.m.
as the two returned for their third
White House visit in two days.
Small, however, discounted in ad-
vance the idea that non-compulsory
measures could bring industrial
peace. In his lengthy statement,
which he emphasized that he issued
as a private citizen, the CPA chief
said on that point:
Legislation Required Small Says
"Lacking any sign that labor will
now agree voluntarily to a holiday of
strikes or that management will agree
to voluntary arbitration, I am forced,
as a private citizen, to the reluctant
conclusion that legislation is urgently
required."
Small called Lewis' methods in the
coal controversy a "glaring example"
of refusal to accept the principle that
those who exercise the right to bene-
fits granted by the public own "an
even greater responsibility and duty
to their government and its citizens."
The CPA administrator proposed
compulsory arbitration along with his
six-months prohibition plan.
The President at his news confer-
ence later declined to comment on
Small's statement, saying it was the
first he had heard of it. He also
said he would express no opinion on
the labor legislation now pending
in Congress until a bill is finally pass-
ed.
TTER:
tub' City Food
Campaigns Will
Be Coordinated
Famine Comnittee
Plans Campus Drive
Members of the Famine Committee
voted yesterday to coordinate their
forthcoming fund-raising campaign
with the local drive which is being
planned by the Ann Arbor Food Ener-
gency Committee.
The Famine Committee will con-
duct the campus drive in cooperation
with Michigan Christian Fellowship
at a time which will be announced
in a few days. They will turn over
the funds collected from the campus
tag-day to the local organization,
which will forward them to UNNRA.
Sixteen hundred communities
throughout the nation are planning
similar drives at therequest of
UNNRA Director LaGuardia.
The Graduate Council voted last
night to hold a dance, proceeds of
which will be turned over to the.
Famine Committee's relief fund.
Faculty and student members of
the committee's speakers' bureau have.
started visiting student residences to
explain the world famine situation
and the committee's program. Houses
which wish to have speakers appear
before them are asked to contact
Victor Baum, chairman of the bur-
eau.
Rowland L, Westervelt was select-
ed treasurer of the committee and
will handle funds collected in the
MCF-Famine Committee drive.
550 Atte d 14th
Annual Adult
Institute Here
With a total registration of about
550, the 14th annual Adult Educa-
tion Institute, sponsored jointly by
the University Extension Service and
the Michigan State Federation of
Women's Clubs, came to a close yes-
terday with speeches by four Uni-
versity faculty members.
The great danger in American for-
eign policy is too much apathetic
confidence on the part of the public
as well as of the policy-makers, Prof.
Lawrence Preuss of the political sci-
ence department declared in the
closing address of the institute.
Firm !-nt Conciliatory
"Our policy in foreign affairs must
be firm but conciliatory," Prof. Preuss
contended. "The main object at pres-
ent," he continued "is, by making
concessions and compromises, to pre-
vent dangerous issues from arising,
which might lead to aggression."
Another essential for a successful
American foreign policy, the political
scientist emphasized, is "the clari-
fication of the aims and interests of
the other great powers, especially
the Soviet Union, which is our only
potential enemy at the present time."
The New Chemistry
Five new developments in chem-
istry were outlined to the institute
by Prof. Lawrence Brockway of the
chemistry department,
Chemists have at last mastered
the fluorocarbons and these con-
pounds are now being used to make
non-inflammable plastics and as a
substitute for mercury in mercury
vapor boilers, Prof Brockway said
A second development listed is in a
group of compounds called silicones
which may be used for lubricating
- lt tem,- .- .
SENIORS tAKE NOTE:
Public Administration Offers
'Wide Opportuities -" -White
Wide opportunities to enter and a knowledge of public administration.
advance in the field of public admin- he said.
istration are available to collegeOstit -V
graduates, Prof. Leonard D. White, Opportunities Are Variedc
of the University of Chicago's De- He revealed that public service on-
partment of Public Administration, portunities for college graduates are
declared here yesterday. ' chiefly in government-sponsored sci-
entifi^ projects, engineering and pub=
Speaking on "Contemporary Prob- lie pc rsonnel administration.
lems in the National Civil Service." Altnough there are also opportun-
Prof. White, a former member of the ities to enter the public service in
U.S. Civil Service Commission, said positions to give policy advice at the
that the immediate problem of the intermediate and higher levels, Prof.
commission is to complete its present White said that persons who have
examination program so that it will just graduated from college must not
have "adequate registers" from which expect to acquire such positions with-
to provide the national administra- out first gaining experience at the
tion with competent personnel. lower levels.
Exam "Pitched At" Degree Merit Svtem Established
'UConcert Band To Participate
In Holland Tulip Time Festival
Climaxing the third day of Hol-
land's colorful first post-war Tulip
Time Festival will be the arrival to-
day at Holland, Michigan, of the Uni-
versity of Michigan's Concert Band
and Gov. Harry F. Kelly.
With a fair break in the weather.
n. vrnA wr1f AS nn i n irsF- np+A +,o h
to allow hundreds of school children,
wearing authentic Dutch costumes,
to parade through the downtown
section. A wooden shoe dance was
given by more than 250 young wo-
men in Dutch costumes.
Tndr favoni blweather enli -