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VOL. LVI, No. 109 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 1946
PRICE FIVE CENTS
U.S. Confirms Change
In Argentine Policy--:
Will Sign Defense Pact
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, April 8-The United States confirmed a change in its
Latin American policy tonight by declaring it would sign a hemispheric de-
fense pact with Argentina if the regime there lived up to its commitments.
Previously, emphasis had been placed on denunciations of the Argentine
government and refusal to sit down with it to draw the defense pact.
Secretary of State Byrnes issued
Governor Kelly
Seeks Building
Permit of CPA
University Officials
Approve of Program
Fresh impetus toward progress in
the state building program came
yesterday when Governor Kelly an-
nounced he would meet today in
Detroit with John McGillis, district
manager of the Civilian Production
Administration, to seek go-ahead per-
mission in the face of the federa
freeze order on building.
University vice-presidents Robert P
Briggs and Marvin L. Niehuss, who
met with Kelly in Lansing yesterday
indicated that they were "pleased
with the program outlined by the
governor," and that they "believe it
will result in expediting the Univer-
sit?'s educational construction pro-
gram."
Building Can't Wait
Kelly, according to Associated Press
reports, asserted that the state build-
ing program "can't wait around,"
and declared that "we want an an-
swer from the federal government on
how much we can build."
Contracts for $8,175,000, he re-
ported, have been let in classroom
and other buildings at the University
and at Michigan State College, ex-
clusive of dormitories.
Needs of Veterans
"It's a race against time to have
these facilities ready by a year from
next September," Kelly declared.
"The veterans so marvelously pro-
vided for under the GI Bill of Rights
have to have more than dormitories
and a place to eat when they go to
college," he said.
Kelly said he would give McGillis
a complete summary of the state's
projects and the amount of critical
material needed. "There is plenty
of material if it is properly allocated,"
he claimed.
War Department
Reported Ready
To Compromise
WASHINGTON, April 8-('P)-In-
fluential House Military Committee
members today reported War De-
partment willingness to compromise
on a 12-month draft act extension
with a four or six months ban on
inductions.
The Army's position was disclosed
to reporters shortly after Rep. Vin-
son (D, Ga.,) introduced legislation
to start a $3,000,000 enlistment cam-
paign and suspendinductions for
six months to give it time to be
tested.
Earlier in the day Gen. Dwight D.
Eisenhower had appealed once again
to the Senate Military Committee to
continue the draft, declaring that to
end it would be to "gamble" with the
security of the nation and the peace
of the world.
Both Senate and House military
committees may vote tmorrow on
various proposals to extend the law,
expiring May 15 of this year. Some
members want a straightaway exten-
sion, others want inductions banned
until next February 15.
Vinson's proposal, which would
raise the pay of all enlisted personnel,
would allow the President to rein-
state inductions after November 15
if voluntary enlistments fell short.
Vinson's measure would increase
the pay of all enlisted men.
Argentina Bolts'
League Meeting
GENEVA, April 8-(/P)--Argentina's
delegates walked out today on the
opening meeting of the League of
Nations Assembly's final session,
called for the purpose of declaring
officially dead the 26-year-old ex-
periment in world idealism.
Argentina 'sgestura came after she
a memorandum at his news conference
-revealing this government's readiness
to relax its stand provided the newly
elected regime of Col. Juan Peron
"will give prompt implementation by
positive acts to commitments under
the inter-American system."
But, said the American document
bluntly, "There must be deeds and
not merely promises."
Previously the State Department,
in refusing to participate with Argen-
tina in a treaty-making conference,
had charged that the military gov-
ernment headed by Gen. Edelmiro
Farrell had paid only lip service to
its pledges to:
1. Depose Nazi agents.
2. Liquidate Nazi holdings and as-
sets.
3. Eliminate Nazi propaganda ac-
tivities.
1 Under the new arrangement, to
which a majority of the 19 other
American rejublics have agreed, Col.
Peron's government will be given a
reAsonable time to fulfill the prom-
ises Argentina made at the Chapul-
tepee conference in Mexico City early
in 1945.
Representatives
Vote To Revive
Grad Council
Representatives of graduate stu-
dents enrolled in all departments of
the University voted last night to re-
establish the Graduate Student Coun-
cil and adopted a constitution.
Departmental Representation
Under the new constitution, passed
by a unanimous vote, each depart-
ment of the Graduate School shall
be represented on the Council by at
least one graduate student. Non-
departmental organizations of grad-
uate students to be designated by the
Council shall have one representative.
on the Council. Representatives must
be in residence and enrolled as grad-
uae students.
To provide contimuty of oice,
one half of the representatives shall
be chosen the second week of each
semester and where necessary va-
t cancies shall be filled at the beginning
of the new semester and in the same
manner as the original selection.
Manner of Selection
The manner of selection of repre-
sentatives shall be set forth in the
by laws which will be prepared by
a committee and submitted to the
Council for approval at its next meet-
ing.
The Council, which dissolved dur-
ing the war, has operated during the
past year around a nucleus of vol-
unteers. The aims of the Council,
as stated in the constitution which
went into effect last night, is to
"Coordinate and promote the social,
educational and intellectual activi-
ties of the graduate student body, to
foster and encourage cooperation be-
tween the graduate student body and
the graduate school faculty."
Board Limits
Wage Basis
Only Portion Will
Figure in Price Hike
WASHINGTON, April 8--AP)-The
National Wage Stabilization Board
refused today to approve all of an
18-cent an hour wage increase as
a basis for a price rise.
The decision was the first of its
kind.
It affects 14 Detroit milk dealers
supplying 75 percent of the city's
milk. They have been paying the
18-cent increase since March 2, fol-
lowing a 10-day strike of 1,175 mem-
bers of the CIO United Dairy Work-
The Board ruled that only 10 cents
of the increase might be used by
the companies as a basis for seeking
price relief from the OPA.
If the companies are unable to
absorb the cost of the remaining
eight cents of the increase, the de-
cision said, they may apply to the
Board for permission to reduce the
current wage by that amount.
A------- ---
U.S. Balks
Iran Case
Withdrawal
Byrues Opposes
Russian Request
NEW YORK, April 8-()---Secre-
tary of State James F. Byrnes indi-
cated today that the United States
is opposed to dropping the Iranian
case from the United Nations Secur-
ity Council agenda as demanded by
Russia, but he suggested the Ameri-
can delegation would be willing to
examine the Soviet proposal.
Byrnes did not sa'e flatly that
this government would fight any at-
tempt to remove the Iranian matter
from the agenda, but his remarks
in a review of previous council ac-
tion on the subject added up to
that conclusion. He did say he could
see no reason for reopening the case
at this time in the light of the coun-
cil agreement to take no further
'action on it until May 6.
Iran May Drop Cas
(Tehran dispatches today quoted
unofficial sources close to Prime Min-
ister Qavam as saying they believed
he would agree to complete with-
drawal of the case before the Coun-
cil. The dispatchesbadded, however,
that the Iranian government appar-
ently had reached no decision. Prop-
aganda Director Prince Mozzafar Fi-
rouz said the decision was up to the
Security Council.)
As Byrnes stated the American po-
sition at a news conference in Wash-
ington after talking with President
Truman, there were these other de-
velopments in United Nations circles:
1. Iranian Ambassador Hussein Ala
disclosed that he had asked his home
government for further instructions
and awaited its reply, which may pro-
foundly influence the Security Coun-
cil
Byrnes To Leave Meetings
2. Byrnes, who led the fight against
Russia on the Iranian issue, said he
would not return to the Council
meetings since he is preparing for
the conference of the Big Four For-
eign Ministers in Paris.
3. Delegates were generally agreed
that the Gromyko letter would not
come up for discusson at tomor-
row's session on procedural rules,
and the Secretariat confirmed that
it was not on the provisional agenda.
Ambassador Gromyko remained
noncommittal on the question of re-
suming attendance at the Councii
meetings since his walkout on March
27 in protest against placing the
Iranian case on the agenda.
Psychological
Insight Needed
ByTeachers
11 only teachers could combine
their scholastic abilities with abun-
dant psychological insight, they would
be in a superb position to guide their
pupils into a much better adjustment,
Dr. Howard Y. McClusky declared
yesterday in his talk before the Psy-
chology Club.
In every field of elementary and
high schools, Dr. McClusky said,
teachers, being able to maintain close
contact with their students, have
the opportunity of becoming mental
hygientists "par excellence".
The football coach, public speak-
ing instructor, and history and Eng-
lish teacher, added Dr. McClusky,
can all contribute their sincere efforts
to add to the emotional and social
stability of their pupils in later life.
Thus, Dr. McClusky concluded, be-
sides helping in correcting speech
difficulties and poor reading habits,
psychology can and must play a
definite, central role in the education
of the child and the adolescent if
the future adults of the nation are
to feel secure and happy.
Taxi Trouble
Flares Up at
City Couneil
Propose Change
In Cab Ordinance
By ROBERT GOLDMAN
(Daily City Editor)
Ann Arbor's volcanic taxi-cab sit-
uation erupted last night - this time
during a City Council meeting at
which a proposed amendment to
the local cab ordinance was given its
first reading.
Local cab drivers werevirtually
unanimous in stating that if this
ordinance becomes effective, "cab
operators in this city will go into
some other business."
Briefly, here's what the amend-
ment proposes: a system of what
the cab operators termed "rigid
controls" on cab lighting, glass,
and upholstery; installment of
meters; and raising individual li-
cense fees from the current price,
$15 to $100.
Prof. A. D. Moore, chairman of
the Council committee studying reg-
ulation of cabs could not be reached
for comment, but this is what the
operators think of the proposal:
"It wouldn't be humanly possible
to comply with this ordinance," Ken
Martin, owner of one local outfit de-
clared. "If you had to live up to
that amendment to the letter, I'd
rather be in some other business," Jim
Pugsley, another company operator
said.
"It's really a fancy ordinance", he
added.
"Boys driving veterans' cabs have
all come back from long periods of
service and now when they're mak-
ing some headway, the city seems
to want to control their incomes,"
Carl Breining, operator of the Vet-
erans Cab Co., an Army veteran of
three and a half years' service in
the South Pacific said.
"This thing may cause a stoppage
of cab transportation in the city,"
he added.
This move follows an investigation
of cab company incomes, Breining
pointed out.
"Spectators at the council meet-
ing and alarmed cab drivers were
stupified when the city attorney read
this impossible proposed amend-
ment", Jack Brunnell, cab driver
and University graduate student de-
clared.
"Cab drivers and cab owners are
by tradition a misunderstood occu-
pational group," he asserted. "They
have been denounced but little under-
stood. This proposed amendment will
quite literally cut away subsistence
from a group of men in public serv-
ice, merely because of an irrational
law drafted by men who have been
infected by a popular prejudice"
"It looks a little as though the
city is attempting to drive all
companies out of business in order
to reinstate one company," he de-
clared.
City Attorney William Laird said
that the amendment could be written
into the ordinance within three weeks
and become effective May 1. The
amendment provides for a May 1
deadline on procurement of meters.
Gerald L. K. Smith
Senitenced to jail
CHICAGO, April 8-(/')-Gerald L.
K. Smith, head of the America First
party, today was sentenced to 60
days in jail for contempt of court for
distribution of statements to reporters
during the trial of an associate.
In passing sentence, Municpal
Judge John V. McCormick said "if
the conduct of you and your associ-
ates in and toward an American
court of law affords a test of your
attitude toward other American in-
stitutions, it behooves Americans to
look squarely at the philosophy which
confronts them."
Speakers Debate
Two Proposals
Five hundred students at the pre-
election rally for student government
last night heard a heated discussion
by planners of the rival Congress-
Cabinet and Council-Forum consti-
tutions.
Informal debate on the two con-
stitutions was combined with mu-
sic by the University Band and a
satirical skit on present student-
University relations to climax a
spirited publicity campaign aimed
at turning campus attention to
student government.
The tempo of the rally was set
by its chairman, Prof. Theodore New-
comb, who adjured the opposing
speakers to hurl "words at 40 paces."
Student speakers were quick to take
him up as they first took to task
campus people who doubted the need
for student government and then
attacked the rival constitutional plan.
Upholding the Congress - Cabinet
constitution, Robert Taylor pointed
to the need for student government
by saying the University is almost
alone among important American
universities in having "no recognized
channel through which the opinion
of the student body can be effectively
expressed and through which stu-
dent-initiated reforms can be carried
out."
Joyce Siegan, speaking for the
rival Council-Forum plan, also de-
clared a "very definite and con-
crete need for student government.
She felt that "as citizens here we
should have something to say."
Miss Siegan and her speaking mate,
Fred Matthaei, asserted that their
plan was workable and efficient and
democratic. By directly electing the
president, they held the Council For-
um guarantees that popular opinion
is represented.
Taylor and Elsa Goodman, on the
other hand, claimed their plan would
"represent the entire student body
and at the same time function ef-
ficiently." They said their constitu-
tion would enable government "to
grow with the changing needs of
the students."
Willow Village
Officers Are Elected,
Plans Made for Rally
At the initial meeting of the Wil-
low Village AVC chapter last night
in West Lodge, officers were elected
and a rally was planned.
Speakers at the rally, to be held
tentatively April 23, will be Lewis
Frank, of the national AVC planning
committee, Guy Nunn, Michigan area
AVC field secretary, and Miss Suz-
anne Ladriere, secretary of the Ann
Arbor town chapter.
The new officers are: Allen D.
Weaver, chairman; Edgar Davis, vice-
chairman; Richard Webb, secretary;
and Robert Katzen, treasurer and
chairman of publicity.
The initial meeting of a new Ann
Arbor town chapter will be held
Thursday, after which the present
chapter will become affiliated strict-
ly with University students.
Students Will Decide on
Campus Constitutions;
500 Persons Att end Rally
3,000 Votes Needed for Ratification;
Polls To Stand Throughout Campus
See ELECTION RULES page 2
The campus will vote today and tomorrow for the Congress-Cabinet or
Council-Forum constitutions as the new framework for University student
government.
A ruling of the Student Affairs Committee makes it necessary for at
least 3,000 students to vote in the election before ratification of one of the
constitutions is legal.
Climax to Campaign
The election which climaxes a week of intensive publicity and debate
by planners of the alternate constitutions will require identification cards
of all voters.
1.'
Polls will be located in Angell Hall
basement and lobby, the diagonal in
front of the library, the engineering
arch, Barbour Gymnasium, in front
of the Economics Building, and in
front of AlumnisMemorial Hall.
Voting Hours
Voting hours will be from 8:45 a.m.
through 3:15 p.m. Tuesday and Wed-
nesday at all polls except at the En-
gineering Arch, where the polls will
remain open through 5:15 p.m. for
the convenience of those students
who use bus facilities to Willow Vil-
lage.
Dental, Law and Medical schools
have scheduled separate voting hours.
Polls will be open in the front lobby
of the Dental Building from 4:30 to
5:30 p.m. today and tomorrow. In
Hutchins Hall they will be open on
the first floor from 9 a.m. to noon
and 2 through 3 p.m. today and to-
morrow.
Medical Students
Medical school seniors may vote
in the Hospital near the Amphithe-
atre from 1:30 through 2:30 p.m.
both days. Sophomores may vote in
the West Medical Building from 8
through 10 a.m. tomorrow, and fresh-
men may vote in the East Medical
Building from 8:30 through 9 a.m.
tomorrow.
For students whose identification
cards are not ready, a special voting
permit is available in the Dean of
Students office, Rm. 2, University
Hall. V-12 men may make use of
this card.
Indepeydents Not Round
By Assembly Stand
Helen Alpert, president of Assem-
bly, pointed out last night that the
committment of the Assembly execu-
tive board to support one of the
alternate student government Con-
stitutions does not oblige members
to vote for that constitution,
The executive board's action was
merely a recommendation, according
to Miss Alpert, and was based on an
objective study of both constitutions.
[Strike
. Roundup
By The associated Press
v
Jap Premier
Walks Out on
Leftist Group
By The Associated Press
TOKYO, Tuesday, April 9--Aged
Premier Kijuro Shidehara brushed
off detaining hands of a leftist dele-
gation and walked out late yesterday
on demands for his resignation.
The incident pointed up a re-
awakened public interest in tomor-
row's general election.
The. previously apathetic campaign
for the Diet had led Japanese ob-
servers to predict a light vote. But
they changed their minds as the re-
sult of a riotous communist-led de-
monstration Sunday, the tense draw-
ing-room drama in Shidehara's home,
and heavy returns from an isolated
precinct which votes early.
The "Democratic People's Front"
sent a 14-man committee to make
the demands on Shidehara.
Led by Kyuichi Tokuda, Secretary
of the Communist Party, they argued
their way past the Premier's secretar-
ies. For 45 minutes they accused him
of failing to solve the country's many
problems and demanded that his
entire cabinet quit immediately.
MYDA Will Aid
In Fight Agamst
Race Inequality
Charging grossly unfair treatment
of Negroes in Columbia, Tenn. and
Freeport, N.Y., MYDA will cooperate
with Wayne University in their fight
for racial equality, it was decided
at the American Youth for Democ-
racy convention held in Detroit over
the weekend.
Two Negroes Shot
Two negroes were shot and killed
in jail by Columbia police officials,
according to an investigation made
by Clark H. Foreman, president of
the Southern Conference for Human
Welfare. They were being question-
ed, he said, about their attempt to
prevent a lynching of two other Ne-
groes. They were being held incom-
municado, and denied the right to
arrangedbail and counsel at prelim-
inary proceedings. At least 15, he re-
ported had been charged with assault
and intent to commit murder.
At Freeport no attempt was made
to try the case of a police officer
who allegedly shot two Negro soldiers.
Raids on Negro communities resulted
in both cities.
Urges Participation
Stressing the need for Negroes to
take a more active part in AYD or-
ganiations throughout the nation,
Harriet Ratner, MYDA delegate to
the convention, urged them to at-
tend the next meeting when plans
to help develop a new pattern of
racial relations will be discussed.
City's Housing
Drive Begins
The city's drive to lick the local
housing shortage moved into high
gear yesterday when the newly-con-
stituted Veterans and Citizens Hous-
ing Committee held its first meering.
After a brief address on policy from
Mayor W. E. Brown, Jr., the commit-
tee set up seven sub-committees to
be appointed by Chairman George
Sandenburgh, city engineer. Sub-
committees on Supply and Materials,
Price, Building Code, Available Land,
Available Labor, Publicity, and Sta-
tistics will h ysepefMa y Rmrar,_
Strike Averted.
0 0
KIeUSSO-AMERICAN FRICTION:
Kallenbach Opposes Atomic Tests'
WASHINGTON, April 8-A threat-
ened strike of Cincinnati electrical
workers was averted tonight by an
agreement between company ,and
union officials and federal concilia-
tors.
The agreement, reached after four
days of conference at the Labor De-
partment, provides a 17 cents an hour
wage increase. The AFL Brotherhood
of Electrical Workers had demanded
20 cents. The Cincinnati Gas and
Electric Company had offered 15
cents.
BoardAppiointed..
WASHINGTON, April 8-01)-Sec-
retary of Labor Schwellenbach ap-
pointed a fact-finding board tonight
in hope of averting a strike at seven
refineries producing two-thirds of
the nation's cane sugar.
Spokesmen for 6,500 CIO and AFL
unionists seeking a 15-bent hourly
wage increase demanded that the
American, National and Revere refin-
ing companies agree in advance to
accept the board's recommendations.
H. B. Carpenter, Vice-President
and General Counsel of American,
said, however, that the companies
would not be bound by the recom-
mendations, although they accept
the fact-finding.
.. ..4
By NATALiE 1!AGR0W
Friction between Russia and the
United States was offered as a pos-
sible reason for postponement of the
atomic bomb trial at Bikini by Pro-
fessor Joseph E. Kallenbach of the
political science department yester-
day.
"My tentative thought is that
we would be better off if we did
not make the test at all, because
it is obviously an experiment direct-
ed towards prospective use of the
are in carnest about our desire to
outlaw the use of the bomb and in-
tend instead to concentrate on our
efforts to make peace practicable, we
are only inviting trouble by adver-
tising our experiments and power as
we have so far been doing."
"If the atomic bomb test was
entirely forgotten, the indication
would be," he asserted, "that we
are putting our complete trust into
UN, rather than carrying through
with our present policy of playing
tough with Rusia and making our-
The friction of which he spoke
is, he said, largely attributable to
our secrecy about the atomic bomb
and the continuation of experi-
ments in connection with it, all of
which can only have the effect of
alarming the Russians about our
future intentions." In this regard,
Prof. Kallenbach said that the
postponement might have been a
concession to the Russians follow-
ing their announcement of with-
drawal from Iran and their ex-
nressned intention to wive full sn-
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