LINCOLN
EDITORIAL
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Datii4

SNOW FLURRIES

VOL. VLI, Na. 75 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1946
State House pproves ,300,000 f

PRICE FIVE CENTS

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Byrnes Supports Proposed Loan

to

Britain

Predicts World

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Trade Freedom
Will Aid Nations
British Pledge To Back
Amnerican Trade Goals
By The Associated Press
NEW YORK, Feb. 11-Secretary
of State Byrnes said tonight that the
projected $3,750,000,000 loan to Bri-
tain would provide "tangible, firm
gains for the United States and for
the rest of the world."
"What we gain is the chance for
expanding world trade, for freedom
for goods and money to flow where
they may, for a prosperous world
and not a lean world," Byrnes said.
His address was prepared for the
Foreign Policy Association and part
of it was broadcast.
British "White Paper"
Byrnes said he believed some of
the most significant American bene-
fits would come fromthe pledge to
support U. S. trade goals, contained
in the British "white paper," issued
simultaneously with the loan pro-
posal.
The "white paper" calls for a col-
lective assault by the United Nations
on all trade barriers to promote a
freer flow of goods in post-war
world commerce. It will be the basis
for an Amrerican-sponsored world
trade conference this summer.
Loan Benefits
If the loan is approved, he said,
the U. S. can expect:
1. A general reduction of tariffs
and elimination of trade preferences;
2. Fewer quotas, embargoes and
government subsidies;
3. A "loosing of the grip of cartels
and combines upon world com-
merce,
4. "Progressive elimination of ex-
port restrictions and price-fixing ar-
rangements."
Byrnes denied that the British
loan would require the U. S. to extend
similar credits to other governments.
Answers Objections
In addition to the argument that
the loan would set a precedent,
Byrnes said he had heard frequently
two other objections: That it would
contribute to inflation in the U.S.;
that it would not be repaid.
In reference to the first objection,
Byrnes said Britain would draw the
funds gradually and spend them not
for scarce consumer goods, but for
food and basic raw materials, some
of which are in surplus here.
As for the second objection, he
said the circumstances are "entirely
different" from those of the defaulted
World War I loan to Britain. That
loan was bigger, the interest was
higher, it was incurred for materials
used up in the war, and the British
had to attempt payment in the face
of three successive American tariff
boosts, he said.
J.Hop Ti cket
A pplications
To Be Taken
Applications fo only 450 mre
J-Hap tickets will be accepted from
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. tomorrow at
the Travel Desk of the Union, and
the desk will close when tickets are
gone.
Juniors are urged to apply immed-
iately for tickets by George Spauld-
ing, ticket chairman. Tickets will be
allotted on the basis of class, with
juniors receiving first preference,
followed by seniors, then underclass-
men.
Tommy Dorsey, his orchestra, te
Sentimentalists and Stuart Fster
will be on the bandstand from 10 p.m.
to 2 a.m. Friday, March 8, at the
Intramural Building for the bang-up
Hop. Late permission has been
granted until 3 a.m. for Navy men,

and 2:30 a.m. for women.
Decorations, programs, distribu-
tion at the dance of free J-Hop ex-
tras, and a special room for refresh-
ments and pictures will make this
year's Hop a modified return to the
pre-war extravaganzas. Private par-
ties will be approved for Saturday,
March 9, by the Dean of Students
Office.
Identification cards should be
presented at time of application, and
., n+, .r~A a - - - -rrcr - - crlni

National
Roundup

Of S tries
By The Associated Press
UA W Stands Firm ...
DETROIT, Feb. 11-The CIO
United Auto Workers stood firm to-
day on their demand for more than
an 18%/z cents hourly wage increase
from General Motors Corp. and told
175,000 striking production employes
to "hold your lines."'
In telegrams to all GM local unions,1
UAW-CIO Vice-President Walter P.
Reuther said the union's top negotia-
tions committee "will not permit the
corporation to use the settlement'
with the United Electrical Workers
(CIO) to compromise UAW de-
mands."
The UEW-CIO, representing some
25,000 workers in General Motors
Plants, agreed Saturday to accept the
18% cent figure, and speculation is;
rife here that a similar offer will be
made to the UAW-CIO.,
Fuel Shortage ...
NEW YORK, Feb. 11-Mayor Wil-1
liam O'Dwyer signed a proclamation
tonight ordering all places of assem-
bly, including theaters, night clubs
and all commercial, business and in-
dustrial establishments in the city
to close at 11:59 p.m. because of a
fuel shortage resulting from the tug-1
boat strike.
The eight-day strike of 3,500 tug-j
boat workers, members of Local 333,
United Marine Division of the AFL]
International Longshoremens Associ-
ation, has reduced the city's fuel
supplies to a point where many peo-
ple are without heat, said city Fuel
Administrator Albert Pleydell.
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Power Strike Set...
PITTSBURGH, Feb. 11 - The
threat of a strike that would shut
down power and light service hung;
over this strike-beleaguered steel
capital and its industrial environs
tonight.
A walkout of 3400 power company
workers was set for 4 a.m. tomorrow.
Stoppage of electric service would
affect nearly 2,000,000 people living
in an industrial area 817 square miles
around metropolitan Pittsburgh.
The employes, members of the In-
dependent Association of Employes
of the Duquesne Light Co., and af-
filigted companies, are asking a 20
per cent pay increase. The manage-
ment has offered 7 per cent.
Transit StriLe ..
PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 11 - The
greatest traffic jam in Philadelphia's
history choked downtown streets
today as a strike of nearly 10,000
transit workers immobilized all bus,
trolley, elevated and subway lines.
Philadelphia transportation com-
pany workers, members of local 234,
Transport Workers Union (CIO),
left their posts at one 'minute after
midnight, paralyzing transit facili-
ties for the 3,000,000 daily passengers
in the metropolitan Philadelphia
area.

U.S., Britain
Announce Joint
Air Agreement
Pact To 'Encourage
Use of Air Transport'
By The Associated Press
HAMILTON, Bermuda, Feb. 11-
The United States and Great Britain
announced tonight the completion of
an aviationhagreement opening their
skies to the commerce of the two
countries.
The agreement brought to a suc-
cessful conclusion four weeks of ne-
gotiations. A joint press statement
outlining terms of the air pact said
the "deliberate trend of these princi-
ples is to encourage the use of air
transport to stimulate air travel at
economic rates."
Briefly, the agreement permits the
airlines of both countries to pick up
passengers destined for a third coun-
try (the so-called "fifth freedom"
which makes it possible to keep air-
craft loaded to a profitable level along
the entire route); establishes a rate
determination policy with intergov-
ernmental action to avoid rat wars
and profiteering; outlines a world
pattern of routes which each country
will fly over the other's territory.
It also provides a system of regular
consultation on all civil air prob-
lems between the United States and
the United Kingdom, a step described
by both sides as the "chief feature"
emerging from the conference and
arranges that the provisional interna-
tional civil aviation organization at
Montreal be asked to give advisory
opinion when a dispute cannot be
settled through bilateral consulta-
tions.
The agreement opens military air
bases to civil use contingent upon
making satisfactory agreements with
Newfoundland and Canada regard-
ing civil use of Gander, Harman and
Argentia airbases in Newfoundland
and Goosebay airbase in Labrador.
Negotiations concerning those fields
began last month.
The United States plans 13 routes
and the British seven.
The U.S. routes include:
Co - terminals Chicago, Detroit,
Washington, Philadelphia, New York,
Boston and Baltimore to London
and Preswick, with routes continuing
to Amsterdam, Helsinki, Copen-
hagen, Stavenger, Oslo, Stockholm,
Warsaw, Frankfurt, Moscow, Lenin-
grad and the Baltic countries.
cU' Observatory
Staff To Receive
Navy Award
The University McMath-Hulbert
Observatory and staff will receive
the Naval Ordnance Development
Award "for outstanding contribution
in the development of the naval opti-
cal bombsight," President Alexander
Ruthven announced yesterday.
Specific information about the con-
tribution of the Observatory to the
optical bombsight, now being used by
the Navy was restricted.
An institutional award will be con-
ferred on the observatory, and special
certificates and letters will be pre-
sented to the director, Robert R. Mc-
Math; Prof. Leo Goldberg and Prof.
Orren G. Mohler, of the astronomy
department; and George H. Malesky,
research engineer. All staff members
will also receive lapel buttons.

Figure Represents
Slashed Request
Bill Includes Finds for Michigan
State; Senate Approval Awaited
Moving to end the long controversy on the use of the State's $27,000,000
surplus fund, the House of Representatives last night voted to give the Uni-
versity $3,300,000 for its proposed building program.
The House voted 78 to 1 in favor of the measure, which would also grant
$3,000,000 to Michigan State College and $5,700,000 to the Mental Health
Commission.
No comment was forthcoming from University officials on the legisla-
ture's action.

GEN. SPAATZ TAKES OVER AAF CQMMAND-General of the Army
Henry I-I. Arnold, commanding general of the Army Air Forces (right),
shakes hands with General Carl Spaatz (left) as General Arnold
turned over his command to Gen. Spaatz in Washington.
Wage Pan Is Stalled;
YBic

Stalin
Major

Exacts Thr le
Concessions

By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, Feb. 11-Premier
Stalin exacted three major conces-
sions-including outright possession
of the Kurile Islands-from Presi-
dent Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill in return for Russia's entry
into the war against Japan.
This direct tie-up between the
Soviet agreement to fight Nippon
and the concessions was disclosed
officially for the first time with pub-
lication today of the text of the
secret pact-exactly one year after
the three leaders signed it at Yalta.
Conditions Set
The document said the Soviet
union would go into the fight "on
condition that:"
The Kuriles be "handed over" to
Russia;
The Mongolian People's Republic
be preserved as an independent state;
Russian rights violated in the treach-
erous attack of Japan in 1904 be
restored. These included:
1. Return to Russia of Southern
Sakhalin and adjacent islands;
2. Internationalization of Port
Darien and restoration of the Soviet
lease on Port Arthur as a naval base;
Railroad Joint Operation
3. Joint Russian-Chinese operation
of two railroads providing outlet to1
Darien.
The pact conceded that the pro-
visions on Outer Mongolia, the ports,
and railroads required concurrence
of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek.
It was agreed that Mr. Roosevelt
would take measures to "obtain this
concurrence on advice from Marshal
Stalin."
"In peace as in war , .teamnwork,>'
the 1946 slogan for National Brother-
hood week, is the theme planned for
the Student Religious Association's
fourth annual Brotherhood Banquet
to be held at 6:30 today in the Michi-
gan League.
All campus religious groups have
been invited to send representatives
to the banquet, and guests of honor
will be President and Mrs. Alexander
G. Ruthven, Dean Alice Lloyd, and
Dean and Mrs. Erich A. Walter.
Tom Donnelly, president of New-
man Club, Betty Korash of B'nai
B'rith Hillel Foundation, Priscilla
Hodges of Interguild, and Joyce Sie-
gan of SRA will give addresses at the
banquet. Dr. Franklin H, Littell, di-
rector of SRA, will act as chairman.
Vocal selections will be given by Ruth
Whittemore.

Changes in Economic
High Command Due
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, Feb. 11--Snags of
an undisclosed nature delayed again
today the announcement of a revised
wage-price policy designed to curb
strikes, but the White House con-
firmed that changes in the economic
high command are in prospect.
No names were mentioned by
Presidential Secretary Charles Ross
in telling newsmen of the prospective
changes, but reports have circulated
that OPA Administrator Chester
Bowles, strong advocate of holding
whatever new line is , established,
would take over as stabilization ad-
ministrator.
NAM, Bowles Fight Continues
Meantime, a major segment of in-
dustry demanded that "shackles of
price control" be removed from man-
ufactured goods. The demand was
made in full page advertisements
timed to appear this morning in
Washington and New York and spon-
sored by the National Association of
Manufacturers.
Presidential Secretary Ross, at his
news conference, refused to comment
on reporters' questions as to whether
the changes in officialdom would
send Bowles into Stabilization Ad-
ministrator John C. Collett's job.
Shift 'orecast
The shift, as forecast over the
week-end by officials close to the
White House, would give Bowles full
authority over wage and price mat-
ters. It would deprive John W. Sny-
der, reconversion director and an ad-
vocate of "flexible" price controls,
of his present overriding authority on
policy.
Industry long has battled with
Bowles over continuation of price
ceilings and the NAM advertisements
today appeared an early reaction to
reports of his promotion.

Senate Confirmation Needed
Senate confirmation must still be
* * * C
To Te 'stifyin
Requesting that a portion of the
state's 52 million dollar veterans' sur-
plus fund be used now to supplement
present G.I. subsistence benefits, a
delegation from the Veterans Organi-
zation will appear before the State
House Military and Veterans' Affairs
Committee in Lansing today.
"We think immediate use of the
fund in this way is necessary because
Federal benefits are not sufficient to
keep many veterans in school," Wil-
liam W. Akers, president of VO1 said.
"Those who have been in service
several years cannot carry a full
school schedule and also work part
time. This is especially true of mar-
ried veterans with children whose ex-
penses are greater than their addi-
tional allotments," Akers said.
It is especially difficult for veterans
living at Willow Run to accept part
time work because of transportation
facilities, he pointed out.
Present subsistence allotments are
65 dollars per month for single vet-
erans and 90 dollars for married vet-
erans. The committee, composed of
Akers, Warren W. Wayne, VO secre-
tary, and Russell Wilson, housing
committee chairman, will ask that a
proportion of the Veteran's Fund
equal to the proportion of state vet-
erans in colleges be used to supple-
ment present allotments.
The delegates will ask that the
benefits be distributed over a twelve
month school years.
Artur Schnabel
To Aper Here
Choral Union Concert
'Listed for Tomorrow
Artur Schnabel, pianist, renowned
as an interpreter of Beethoven's
works, will be presented in the ninth
concert of the Choral Union series at
8:30 p.m. tomorrow in Hill Audito-
rium.
Schnabel, whose last appearance
here was in December, 1942, will high-
light his program with Beethoven's
Sonata in E major, Opus 109.
Since 1941, Schnabel has associated
himself with the University's School
of Music as guest instructor during
summer sessions.
Having left his home in northern
Italy in 1939 to go on concert tour,
Schnabel was caught abroad by the
outbreak of World War II. He has
made his home in London and Amer-
ica since the outbreak of the war. He
plans to return to his Lake Como
villa in the future.

obtained before the bill will become
aw. Although far under the Univer-
sity's original request for $15,300,000
and recent request for more than
$6,500,000 to finance needed con-
struction, the amount granted in the
House bill is exactly that requested
by the Governor.
Following this House action, spon-
sors of legislation calling for state
aid to local governments admitted
that their programs stood little
chance of success.
Delay Asked
Representative Andrew Bolt of
Grand Rapids, co-introducer of a city
aid measure, asked that action on
both bills be delayed but the House,
prodded by Rep. John Espie of Eagle,
chairman of the powerful Ways and
Means Committees, forced the bill to a
vote.
Espie declared that Bolt's request
was "a move to stall consideration of
these bills and we might as well have
a showdown right now," although
Bolt denied there was any relation-
ship between the Governor's pro-
gram and his action.
UNO CJJ hooses
rea for Site of
Headquarters
By The Associated Press
LONDON, Feb. 11-The United Na-
tions Assembly Committee chose the
Fairfield County, Conn.-Westchester
County, N.Y., area tonight as UNO's
permanent home, by a vote of 22 to17,
but the close vote indicated a possible
hard fight over the choice when the
question comes before the full Gen-
eral Assembly.
The decision came after a last ditch
fight by the French delegation which
had scattered Latin American and
strong Arab support to delay selection
of a permanent headquarters. The
French had made it known they
would have preferred the San Fran-
cisco Bay area.
China, Russia and British com-
mittee members allcast affirmative
votes', while France opposed -the
choice and U. S. delegates abstained
from voting.
A two-thirds vote will be required
when the site question comes up in
the whole General Assembly for final
decision.
The site committee adjourned after
the balloting and will meet again at
10:30 a.m. (5:30 am. EST.) tomor-
row when the question of an interim
site will be taken up.
The special site inspection group
which visited the United States rec-
ommended New York City as the in-
terim location but also reported that
Atlantic City and Boston were avail-
able.
WILLIS BILL:
irec'(tion of
ResearCh Left
To ScientisLts
The most recent bill proposing fed-
e"al aid to science, introduced by Sen-
ator Willis, places the responsibility
on the shoulders of scientists rather
than politicians as far as the direc-
tion of a research foundation is con-
cerned, Prof. Bradley Patten of the
anatomy department stated yester-
day.
Speaking before the Association of
University of Michigan Scientists,
Prof. Patten said that this bill gives
a simple plan for the formation of an
independent corporation by 50 distin-
guished scientists to evaluate the
monetary needs of scientific research,
report to Congress and direct the al-
location of funds. "While it has al-

LINCOLN'S DEATH:
New Eyewitness Account
Of Assassination Discovered

BOON TO LEARNING:
Books Needed for Textbook
Lending Library'- Deaii Walter

A previously unpublished eyewit- !
ness account of the assassination of
President Abraham Lincoln is to be
found in the archives of the Clements
Library, it was revealed today.
The description of the tragic event
and the turmoil that followed was
written by Charles Addison Sanford,
a student at the University at the
time, in two letters sent to a Michi-
gan classmate, Edward Payson Good-
rich. The letters were written at the
time of the assassination.

discharged by some soldier or drunken
man and looked around but saw no
stir or excitement." As he turned his
face to the stage, Stanford saw a man
thrust aside the flags that decorated
the box which the President and fam-
ily occupied and leap out of the box
to the then empty stage. The assassin
had a bowie-knife in one hand, and,
Sanford thought, a revolver in the
other.
Rushed Across Stage
«as ric.- 7 nr r #- - n c--mQ ,, "nt

"Books are needed at the textbook
lending library for all current courses
in the University," Dean E. A. Wal-
ter, advisor to the library, said yes-
terday,
Makes Books Available
The lending library makes text-
books available to students who are
partially or entirely paying for their
own education. Upon recommenda-
tion by the dean of his college or his
academic counselor, any student in
the University may obtain books

now has about 1,700 books in circu-
lation. Most of these texts have been
contributed by students while they
were in residence at the University.
Books are charged to students for
one term, with the privilege of re-
newing the loan for another term
if they have been properly cared for.
If books which are requested are not
available at the library, they are
bought as soon as possible so that
no student will have to miss assign-
ments. Last fall. it was necessary to