Sir igmi Dalig WEATHER R~ain, Chning to Sno43w I VOL. LV, No. 86 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN FRIDAY, FEB. 16, 1945 PRICE FIVE CENTS 1,500 Carrier Planes Blast Tokyo in First Raid * * * * * * * * * * * * Russian Army Smashes Oder River Def enses J- / Topple Three Key German Strongholds Sommerfeld, Sorau Gruenberg Captured By The Associated Press LONDON, Feb. 15.-The Red Army has smashed the Germans' central Oder River defenses with a powerful 30-mile break-through which toppled three of the enemy's largest strong- holds southeast of Berlin, Premier- Marshal Stalin announced tonight. Steadily outflanking the Nazi Fuer- stenberg - Frankfurt - Kuestrin line due east of the imperilled Reich cap- ital, Marshal Ivan S. Konev's First Ukraine Army captured Sommerfeld, only 67 miles southeast of greater 'Berlin, Sorau, 13 miles to the south- east, and Gruenberg, 25 miles north- east of Sommerfeld, an order of the day said. Front dispatches said Konev's low- er wing also had slashed to within 45 miles of Dresden, capital of Sax- ony, after reaching the Neisse River in the area of Goerlitz, 74 miles northeast of Prague, Czechoslovak capital. The fall of the three "important junctions of communications and mighty strongpoints of German de- fense" southeast of Berlin was aided by a U.S. heavy bomber attack on Cottbus, strategic rail junction only 27 miles west of captured Sommer- feld. In another striking example of closest liaison between the American airmen and Russian ground forces nearly 580 U.S. bombers hurled some 1,500 tons of explosives on Cottbus, a big 12-way junction clogged with German troop and supply traffic rushed up in an effort to stop the Russians. Wr's Greatest Raid Continues LONDON, Feb. 15-(AP)-More than 1,100 American heavy bombers es- corted by 450 fighters, carrying the greatest non-stop air attack of the war into its second day, threw their main weight of destruction today against clogged rail yards at Cottbus, only 12 miles in front of the on sweep- ing Russian Army. Burning Dresden also was hit again. Nearly 500 bombers hurled some 1,500 tons of explosives on Cottbus, aiming at a vast rail web in the cen- ter of the city, where six main lines converge. Dresden was attacked for the fourth time since the great air assault began Tuesday night, some 200 more American heavies bringing the total bomb weight unloaded on the Saxon capital to 4,000 tons. It was estimated that 14,000 Allied planes-more than half of them heavy bombers which had spread some 20,000 tons of explosives on at least 15 industrial and rail centers from Austria to the Ruhr-had taken part in the great 48-hour link up of the Eastern and Western fronts. Three City Residents Return on Gripsholm Of the more than 660 civilians for- merly interned by Germany now be- ing returned on the exchange ship, Gripsholm, three residents of Ann Arbor have been listed. They are: Agnes Gwiazdowski, Barbara Gwia- zdowski, and Joseph Gwiazdowski. The Daily was unable to secure fur- ther information late last night. CAMPUS EVENTS Today Daily ceases publication. Feb. 17 Final exams begin. Feb. 18 Faculty recital: Gilbert Ross, Helen Titus to per- form at 8:30 p. m. in Lydia Mendelssohn thea- tre. . Feb. 24. Mid-year graduation ex- WAR AT A GLANCE PACIFIC FRONT-Navy carrier planes attack Tokyo and surround - ing area, hit city in first direct blow since Doolittle raid in 1942. Planes take off from largest Amer- ican sea force ever assembled for one operation. EASTERN FRONT - Russians smash central German's central Oder river defenses in 30-mile breakthrough, topple three enemy strongholds southeast of Berlin. WESTERN FRON-Canadian First Army makes two-mile gain across last river before Goch stronghold, advance on munitions region. ITALIAN FRONT-Yank planes and RAF craft impede Nazi troop movements out of the Balkans. Superfortress Crashes at New York; 5 Survive Plane Misses Runway, Burns in Flushing Bay By The Associated Press NEW YORK, Feb. 15.-A B-29 Su- perfortress, attempting to make an emergency landing at La Guardia airport, crashed and burned spec- tacularly in Flushing Bay at 3:50 p.m. (E.W.T.) today. Five survivors were rescued from the flaming waters by Coast Guard, police, and airlines crash boats which fought through the fire and heavy smoke to the wreckage. An unknown number of persons were listed as missing. Col. Eugene F. Gillespie, command- ing officer of the Army Air Transport installations at the field, said such a plane usually carried a crew of 11. Eye-witnesses said the big bomber apparently overshot the runway as it attempted to land. The pilot nosed the Superfortress up to circle the1 field again but as it turned, the leftt wing dipped. The ship lost altitude, struck the water, somersaulted and crashed, immediately bursting into1 flames. It had taken off a short time ear- lier from Mitchel Field, Long Island,' about 15 airline miles away. Rescue equipment, thrown into ac- tion by a radio message from the plane that it was coming in with the the left outboard engine not operat-a when the crash occurred. Firemen and crash workers, how-< ever, could only stand helplessly on the shore of the bay at the end of the runway as the plane blazed 250 yards off shore. Rescue boats imme- diately rushed to the scene. With the publication of today's issue, The Daily will cease publi- cation for the Fall Term. Publi- cation will be resumed March 6. MORE PILLS: New PenicillM Discovery Will Replace 'Needle' By HOWARD W. BLAKESLEE Associated Press Science Editor NEW YORK, Feb. 15-Discovery of a method to make penicillin pills, to replace the injection by needle, was announced today by the Lederle Lab- oratories of the American Cyanamid Company. Pills to be taken by mouth have been one of the main medical goals in penicillin treatment. Until now it has been impossible to do this be- cause the gastric juices in the stom- ach destroyed most of the penicillin. Raymond L. Libby, of the Cyana- mid Research Laboratories at Stam- ford, Conn., solved this trouble by placing penicillin in a double-deck capsule. The outside covering is gel- atin, which is dissolved in the stom- ach. The inside cover is cottonseed oil, which is little affected by stom- 0 to00 STATUTE MILIES at ' ®Brem er _ 11H m b rgj Settin Stasg aI " gEmden haven ® Schne~demuehl L ' r w. lorun' B~e~men FP, fbe. swa-lde eu Amsterdam. ®Keti .r nbb aeck "W *Y v BERLIN "Poznn POLANDC Rotterdam 'Arnhem Fa ~ *MY.i inse r Magdeburg.t -tV~o Z Ld Cotbus Sore eusalz Brussels Aachen Coslo B "Strregaue , Banneir DRESDEN CECHSLOVAKIA l GRARMANYasboS® Delfortt SWIZERAN Largest U.S. Sea Force Hits Japanese Islands Assault Indicates Major Developments Are Imminent; Yanks Strike Iwo Jima Again By ELMONT WAITE U. S. PACIFIC FLEET HEADQUARTERS, Guam, Friday, Feb. 16-(P)- The most powerful battleship and aircraft carrier force afloat poured more than 1,500 Hellcats, Helldivers and Avenger planes today at Tokyo while warships and army planes shelled and bombed islands to the south. More fiattops than America ever before assembled in a single sea opera- tion are sending raiders in continuous waves against Tokyo's airfields and military defenses, tangling in sky battles with the enemy airforce. First Smash at Capital The carriers, protected literally by thousands of anti-aircraft guns mount- ed on battleships, cruisers and destroyers, disgorged swarms of bombing, torpedoing and strafing raiders in the first such smash of the war at Japan's capital. The huge and audacious operations, - w Air Mj ALLIES FOUND DRESDEN-Red Army troops west of the Oder River have captured Striegau, advanced 1 toward Dresden, and have taken Sprottau and Neus alz. Germany reported a new Russian bridgehead across the Oder east of Berlin, and Moscow said the g uns of advancing Russians could be heard in Stettin. On the western front, the Allies were edging ahea d in Kleve and Trier areas. MANILA SCHEME FAILS: Yank Drive Blasts Japanese Plan To Reverse Luzon Battle By C. YATES MC DANIEL Associated Press Correspondent MANILA, Feb. 16, Friday- Gen. Douglas MacArthur disclosed today that Japan's master plan to make Manila the turning point of the Lu- zon campaign in Nippon's favor is being smashed by a powerhouse American drive nearing victory in the scarred city and fast overrunning nearby Bataan peninsula. Steady Reduction of Enemy Today's communique, reporting steady reduction of the enemy pocket in south Manila, new gains on Ba- taan and withering air attackson Corregidor, also announced seizure of an enemy document. This document, the General said, made it clear the Japanese had ex- pected to hold Manila with '20,000 troops, street and house fortifica- tions, thousands of mines, elaborate concrete strongpoints and hundreds of heavy guns-all prepared for an attack from the south. But MacArthur struck from the north and the campaign for Manila is closed to American victory, with destruction of the defense system, slaughter of the last ditch defenders and capture of hundreds of cannon. Four Miles Below 1942 Line Of high interest is the swift prog- ress on Bataan, in a push of only a few days down the east coast, Yanks of the 38th Division have advanced four miles below Abucay Bay to the 340 TO Receive Degrees eb. 24 Prof. Bonner To Speak At Graduation Exercise In the third mid-winter war-time graduation degrees will be conferred upon 340 candidates at 10:30 a. m. Feb. 24, in Rackham Lecture Hall Herbert G. Watkins, secretary of the University, announced yesterday. Prof. Campbell Bonner, formerly dean of the Greek department, will speak at the graduation. Prof. Bon- ner, who will begin his retirement furlough at the conclusion of the present term, has not yet announced the title of his address. Of the tentative list of graduates 139 are members of the Literary Col- eastern bastion of the final American defense line in 1942. MacArthur's revelations of the seized document recalled a Domei News Agency broadcast from Tokyo Feb. 8 saying, "The Luzon battle is fought for very high stakes."' The communique told of a 112-ton bombing of Corregidor but made no reference to Japanese reports that American minesweepers had forced entry of the bay, followed by bom- barding warships and troop-laden transports. Daps Expected Success at Manila 1 The General said the captured doc- ument set forth Japanese expectancy of a major and successful defense of1 Manila. "The garrison comprised more than 20,000 men, with hundreds of guns3 of various calibers, and many thou- sands of mines based on elaborate system of concrete strong points, pill- boxes and street and house fortifica- tions," he declared. "These were especially fitted in an-1 ticipation of attack from the south and from Manila Bay. The enemy apparently hoped to hold Manila and Manila Bay, thus making this the turning point of the Luzon cam- paign." MacArthur said these plans were defeated "by the rapidity of the en- velopment by our forces and the dis- location and unbalance caused by our unanticipated advance and at- tack from the north and east." MacArthur said the three Yank divisions closing in on the trapped Manila garrison had captured or de- stroyed an additional 320 cannon and 244 emplaced machineguns. Tobera and Lakunai airdromes on Rabaul, on New Britain Island just north of New Guinea, were plastered with 115 tons of explosives unloaded by heavy and medium bombers and fighter bombers. Dean Kraus To Receive Medal Dean Edward H. Kraus, of the Col- lege of Literature, Science and the Arts, will be presented with the Roebl- ing medal, at a special meeting of the Mineralogical Society of America to be held Tuesday in New York City. Dean Kraus, a founder and past. liaising of Little Steel Formula Is Urged b CIO State Representatives Of Plants Seek Change By The Associated Press WASHINGTON, Feb. 15 - The necessity of revising upward the Little Steel Formula was urged today by a delegation of 30 CIO members rep- resenting major Michigan war indu- stries upon Vice President Truman, stabilization officials, and Michigan Senators and representatives. The unionists, accompanied by Mayor Hubbard of Dearborn, Mich., asserted that low wages were respon- sible for the manpower shortages, that prices had advanced beyond the 15 per cent wage increase the formula permits and that wage levels were damaging worker morale. The CIO delegation spokesman said Senators Ferguson and Vandenberg had agreed that the formula should be revised and he also said Vanden- berg had promised to communicate the CIO program to Stabilization Di- rector Vinson. The spokesman reported Demo- cratic Representatives Lesinski, Hook, Dingell, Sandowski, Rabaut and O'Brien promised to form a commit- tee to work with Vinson and the White House on the revision issue. Japanese Diet Appoints Two Follows Resolution for An 'Economic Staff' By The Associated Press Tokyo radio today announced the appointment by Premier Kuniaki Koiso of two cabinet advisers, a vet- eran industrialist and a railway ex- pert. The appointments followed a recent Japanese Diet resolution call- ing for establishment of an "ecomo- mic general staff. Those appointed were former muni- tions minister Ginjuro Fujiwara, known as Japan's "paper king" and for more than 50 years affiliated with the Mitsui financial interests, and Yoshiaki Hatta, transportation ex- pert and former president of the Jap- anese Chamber of Commerce. The posing a challenge to Nippon's fleet, strongly suggests major developments.d Purpose Not Known (There was no word from head- quarters of the raid's purpose but it easily could be intended to cover new amphibious landing operations within the inner defense ring of Japan's island outguards). A navy communique today, first dis- closing the action, said the planes were raiding "in and around Tokyo" while warships shelled Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands and other enemy bases some 700 miles to the south. I Tokyo Confirmst Tokyo confirmed the attack, said it1 began at 7:15 a. m. Tokyo time, re-( ported two hours later .it still wasi continuing and still later that the planes were fanning out in attacks southeast to air bases on the Boso Peninsula. "Screaming Hellcats, their heavyt multiple machine guns spewing death and destruction in the first Americant carrier sweep over Tokyo, jarred thet Japanese capital shortly after dawnt into a day of hysterical terror," re- ported Al Dopking, Associated Press, War Correspondent, in a Guam Headquarters dispatch. Follows Superfort Smash The Tokyo smash followed by a day a Superfortress blow at Nagoya on the same island. The 21st Bomber Command said the force of B-29s pos- sibly was the largest ever to strike at Japan. Signaling the beginning of the car-j rier assault on Tokyo, the Japanese radios there went silent at 7 a. m.' just as the American flag was being raised over headquarters on Guam. The overall fleet actions-the Tokyo raids, the Bonin and Volcano shell- ings-were under the direction of Adm. R. A. Spruance.' Vice Adm. Marc A. Mitscher com- manded the huge task force off Japan. Plan for Tokyo Raid by Yanks Now Revealed (Editors Note: The following story writ- ten by Vern laugland, Associated Press Correspondent at Guam, on Feb. 8 was released today by the censor when news of the carrier force strike on Tokyo and environs was announced officially by Adm. Chester W. Nimitz.) A UNITED STATES NAVAL BASE IN THE PACIFIC, Feb.8- (Delayed) -The largest warfleet in history rides at { anchor here restlessly awaiting the Sdatealreadyascheduled when for the first time an American sea-borne force will strike at Tokyo in force. The task force is so large that it is difficult for the mind to grasp this fantastic mixture of large and small fighting ships and all the auxil- iary vessels needed to keep them armed, fueled and supplied. Of the hundreds of vessels in this great base, scores of them will steam toward Tokyo within a few days in quest of a fight. That task force will be the great- est ever known to man-greater even than dreamed of a few years ago and it will include the largest and newest American carriers, battleships, light carriers, jeep carriers, cruisers and destroyers. It will launch con- sideably more than 1,200 planes Canadian First Gains 2 Miles In. Gech Drive, Army Crosses Niers In Approach to Goal By The Associated Press PARIS, Feb. 15-The Canadian First Army in a two-mile gain poured troops and tanks today across the last river before the stronghold of Goch, beyond which lies open roll- ing country leading to Germany's great munitions producing region. As Canadians and British welded two crossings of the Niers River into a solid five-mile bridgehead, other forces pressing due east 14 miles in- side Germany neared Moyland, less than two miles from the communica- tions center of Calcar and 17 miles from Wesel in the northwest corner of the industrial Ruhr. Seize 20 Mile Stretch On the north flank, Canadians seized control of 20 miles of the Rhine's south bank east of Nijmegen by entering Hurendeich and captur- ing a ferry crossing to the textile town of Emmerich, five miles north- east of Kleve. At the opposite end of the western front, the U. S. Seventh Army lash- ed out in a new attack south of the Saar Basin that gained up to a mile and a half on a five-mile front. This attack, dealt by the 44th Division, ironed out a German salient east of the French city of Sarregue- mines in the northern Vosges mountains. Third Attacking Pruem Comparative quiet lay over the re- mainder of the front, except for the Eifel Mountain sector where the U. S. Third Army is attacking the westwall south of Pruem. This fal- len German citadel was under enemy artillery fire. Best Third Army advance of the day was a mile and a half through advance westwall positions 25 miles south of Pruem along the Sure River. A falof "I inches on the flooded Roer, where the U. S. First and Ninth and British Second armies are deploy- ed, indicated that that troublesome barrier on the Cologne Plain was re- turning to normal. Text Lending Library Needs Used Volumes Students were urged by Dean Erich A. Walter yesterday to give their used textbooks to the Textbook Lending Library for the use of needy students during the next and succeeding sem- esters. The library is located in Angell Hall Study Hall and is for use of all needy students enrolled in any school of the University. Books are charged to students for one term, with the privilege of renewing the loan for another term providing the books are not carelessly handled. There are now approximately 1,000 books on the library shelves. The