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WASHINGTON MERRY-GO -ROUND:
Efficiency of Army Intelligence

By DREW PEARSON
WASHINGTON, Jan. 5-How important effi-
cient Military Intelligence is to victory or
defeat is illustrated by some of the inside facts
on the recent German counter-attacks both in
Italy and Belgium.
In Belgium, it is now recognized, the U. S.
command was not sufficiently aware of the
massing of German troops ready for the counter-
attack. The result was tragic.
But in Italy, Military Intelligence spotted
Nazi preparations against the all-Negro 92nd
Division in advance. So when the enemy at-
tacked, the 92nd was prepared. They had
thrown up strong defenses to fall' back on,
withdrew to these and then held firm.
It had been figured, both in Washington and
at General Clark's Headquarters in Rome, that
if the Nazis counter-attacked they would center
on this Negro division.
In Belgium, however, someone not only was
off guard, but apparently was overconfident.
The division against which the Nazis aimed their
drive was a completely green and raw division
never before under fire, and it was only natural
the Nazis picked this spot. Possibly Nazi Intelli-
gence was so alert it spotted this division's ar-
rival in Europe, for it was in France but a few
weeks when it went up into the line.
Meanwhile the 92nd Division in Italy had
been under fire since last August. The first day
it went into the line, incidentally, the Negro
troops got a 2-hour pasting from German artil-
lery and stood up very well. There was no
Nazi counter-attack at that time, however.
Long Weak G-2..
FOR A LONG TIME, it has been admitted in
high-up .Army circles, that G-2 or Mili-
tary Intelligence has been one of the weakest
branches of the army. Several bonehead plays
have been chalked u to it:
1-The prediction in 1940 that France would
hold (she folded in a few weeks); 2-The pre-
diction in the summer of 1940 that England
would be taken (she hasn't been taken yet);
3-The prediction in June, 1941, that Moscow
would fall in a few weeks.
Another boner credited to G-2 is not knowing
that three divisions were lying in wait for
Allied forces when we landed at Salerno. There
was another bad intelligence boner at Kiska
when we bombed the Island for days after the
Japs had left, but Naval Intelligence will have
to bear the chief blame for that.
Reason for intelligence mistakes in both the
Army and Navy is attributed to their closed-
shop policy, whereby a preponderant number of
bluebloods, bankers, and socially elite were per-
mitted to pass the pearly gates to join up in
their coveted jobs.
As a result of some of these mistakes, the
Army last spring undertook a shake-up of
Military Intelligence, under the leadership of
forthright Assistant Secretary John MCloy
Since then it was hoped that G-2 operations
would be better.
Coy Dan Tobin *. , .
DAN TOBIN, head of the Teamsters Union, is
in a unique position. Back in 1932 he
wanted very much to be Secretary of Labor but
couldn't get the appointment. Now he could
get it, but doesn't want it.
In the Roosevelt-Herbert Hoover campaign,
Tobin was just as energetic in his support of
the President as he was last November. After
the election Jim Farley was to help him get the
cabinet post of Labor Secretary. That was 12
years ago. Tobin was younger then, and wanted
the job.
The President-elect actually talked to him
about it, but later Miss Perkins was appointed,
and Jim Farley explained that Mrs. Roosevelt
had contended the women's vote was so strong
something had to be done to recognize the
women.
Tobin took the decision with good grace and
kept on working for F. D. R.
Suggested in 1943 , ...
r'HEN IN 1943, about a year and a half ago,
the same cabinet post once again was
dangled before his eyes. Tobin, AFL President
Green, and CIO President Phil Murray were
calling on Roosevelt about the muddled labor

situation, when he pulled out of his desk a
letter of resignation from Miss Perkins which
she had submitted in 1941 just before Roosevelt
was inaugurated for a third term.
"Find me someone to take her place," the
President said, "and I'll appoint him."
Then he suggested that one of the three
labor leaders present should be Secretary of
Labor.
After the three got back to their hotel, Green

and Murray asked Tobin: "Why don't you take
it? We'll support you."
"Why don't one of you take it, Phil?" coun-
tered the boss teamster.
"There's a very good reason why I'll never be
Secretary of Labor," shot back Murray. "Be-
cause the AFL would never have me.''
Green pointed out that the same thing applied
to him regarding his rival, the CIO.
Nothing more came of the White House
conversation, and Miss Perkins continued on.
Now she has said flatly that she will not con-
tinue, and there h)ave been some definite indi-
cations the President would like to appoint
Tobin. This time, however, the Teamster's
chief is not at all enthusiastic. Being older,
se sees a lot of headaches ahead. So he has
told friends that he will not be Secretary of
Labor.
(Copyright, 1945, by the Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
I'D RATHER BE RIGHT:

Allied Unit y

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By SAMUEL GRAFTON
NEW YORK, Jan. 5-I think many Americans
feel that, for a while, we must be close with
our allies; then a day will come when we can
stop being close. An international organization
will take over. When that happy day dawns,
we can cease to deal quite so directly with Brit-
ain and Russia. All matters between us will be
taken up at international headquarters, in Gen--
eva, perhaps, or Vienna.
Members of the lodge will not address each
other, but the chair, and will speak only when
recognized by the chair.
Let us face the fact that there is consider-
able hostility in America to really intimate
day-to-day relations between this country and
other countries. A sour whispering goes on
against "secret meetings" between Mr. Roose-
velt and Mr. Churchill, even, occasionally, in
liberal quarters. Of course, when things get
bad, these same critics invariably cry out for
another such meeting; but, between crises,
they don't like them, and they really regard
them as second-best. Best would be a world
organization, meeting in stated sessions, handl-
ing problems as they arise, in the pitiless glare
of publicity, and according to announced prin-
ciples.
THAT WOULD BE well and good; but I fear
we have made ourselves the victims of a
certain delusion. We have the feeling that a
world organization will be a substitute for close,
intimate, day-to-day contacts and decisions be-
tween the allied nations. It will not be such a
substitute. It cannot be.
A world police force is not a substitute for
the closest kind of neighborly relations be-
tween allies, any more than a municipal police
force is a substitute for neighborly relations
within a city, and for the intensive individual
cultivation of friendships.
So part of our delusion is that, when a world
organization is formed, we can hand all of our
difficulties over to it; we shall pack all our
troubles in this old kit bag, and smile, smile,
smile. We have based enormous hopes on this
idea, so enormous that the world organization
has become the be-all and end-all of our think-
ing, and any circumstance which threatens its
formation throws us into profound depres-
sion. We are so determined on world friend-
ship through a world organization that we are
quite willing to say angry things about other
nations, and to break up friendships between
allies, on points of dogma in connection with
the great project.
BUT A WORLD organization cannot produce a
friendly world; only a friendly world can
produce a world organization. A world organ-
ization will be one of the fruits of international
friendship, a magnificent fruit, a high and big
apple; but it will be much more a sign that
we have solved our problems, than it will ever
be the solution of them.
The almost perfect future will be one in
which twenty years from now, or fifty, we
shall still be engaged in the most intimte and
direct discussion of affairs with our allies.
If we are good allies, we shall have the help
of a great and growing world organization in
that task. But even in the best run city, the
way you get along with your neighbors depends
on your own talents, inclinations and personal-
ity. These matters are not the business of the
police station. The police station goes into
action when there has been a failure. It is no
substitute for friendship, and part of our cur-
rent pessimism is based on our unreal hope
that we have found a substitute for the com-
plex, difficult, wonderful and long-drawn-out
business of being friends.
(Copyright, 1945, New York Post Syndicate)

Growth of
Nazism...
A GREAT DEAL has been said
recently about Germany's posi-
tion in the world today and in the
post-war world. Perhaps an analysis
of the psychological and economic
factors leading up to the rise Nazism
and the present war would help to
clarify the issue.
In the late 1920's there was a
strong anti-war feeling in Germany,
coupled with a revival of hope for
the future. But this hope soon paled
besides the problem of increasing
mass unemployment of young Ger-
man men and women.
These jobless young people, who
reached maturity during or just after
World War I, felt they had no hope
of obtaining employment. They liv-
ed in small communities made of
packing' cases, and they were often
cold and hungry. They called them-
selves the "lost generation"- the
generation without a future.
During this era of depression,
reports of the success of the first
Five Year Plan in Russia began to
trickle into Germany. Many Ger-
man youths began to turn Com-
munistic instheir ideals and beliefs,
while others looked to a new lead-
er, Adolf Hitler, to help them find
a future.
These young people were not or-
ganized politically, but they were all
radicals, and they all wanted action.
They all agreed that Germany must
have some new form of government.
The drift toward Communism
frightened German industrialists,
who began to finance Hitler.
Once Hitler had gained this vital-
ly needed financial support, he began
to preach a phony revolution and
irrelevancies to gain mass support.
He, and the other Nazis, used, as an
"explanation" of unemployment, the
Versailles Treaty and the Jews. Along
with this policy was developed the
theory of racism and an elaborate
mythology.
Hitler, as the "leader" (an inevit-
able counterpart of Nazism), preach-
ed an anti-rational, anti-intellectual
doctrine.
Once the Nazi regime had been
established, new difficulties began'
to arise. Hitler put the German
people to work, but at the cost of
over-production. The local mar-
kets were over-supplied, and the
avenues of world trade were not
open to Germany.
' But there was another alternative,
and Hitler took it. The manufacture
of munitions gave employment to
thousands of people.
But obviously, a country cannot
continue to produce munitions for-
ever. It must use them sometime.
and war is the only solution to the
problem.
If we sincerely, hope to prevent a
similar turn of events next time, we
cannot shut Germany off from the
rest of the world and let her people
starve.
Germany must be treated decently
and humanely. She may have to be
watched and controlled; she may
need re-education; but she will never
become a peaceful nation if her
people are left unemployed and hun-
gry.
We must give Germany a square
deal, give her opportunities for
world trade, and give her a chance
to become one of the great con-
structive nations of the world, if
we are to obtain a lasting peace.
-Priscilla John Eacock
On Second Thought
By RAY DIXON
TODAY is election day, Get on the
V-Ball and vote.+

Congress gave the Committee onI
un-American Activities permanent
status in its first session yesterday,
which proves it will never say Dies.
It seems farm workers are going
to be forced to do a fast vice versa1
on the "beat your swords into plow-
shares" theme.
Tokyo radio warns Jap citizensI
not to listen to Allied broadcastsc
beamed from Saipan. Evidently the
Yank's version of Tokyo Rose by1
any other name doesn't smell asE
sweet.-

SPIRITUAL NEUTRALITY:
Switzerland Cast Aside by Allies

N ANNOUNCEMENT Wednesday
that Switzerland has been cut
off from all Allied supplies has put
the oldest democratic country
squarely in the camp of Germany
for its continued economic welfare
and indicated that the Swiss pro-
gram of "spiritual neutrality" has
backfired.
Ironically, Switzerland. which set
its army at hair trigger in 1939
against impending German aggres-
sion, has now pacifically fallen in
with the legions of Nazism. Five
years of armed mobilization failed to
counteract the weakness of fence-
straddling foreign politics in the
cross fire of warring Europe.
The Allied embargo was ap ilied
because of the extent of Swiss
economic aid to Germany, aid
which the nation defended on
Sewell Avery
N A half-hearted defense of Sew-
ell Avery and big business in gon -
eral, Detroit Free Press columnist
Malcolm Bingay Wednesday unleash-
ed another of his prose epics.
Devoting much of the column to a
discussion of what Socrates would
have done in the current world war
situation, the writer worked up to a
climak by stating, "If the men in the
ranks of the workers had the abili--
ties of Avery, they would not be
working for a subsistence living; they
would be where he is."
The validity of this last statement
is problematical, and anyhow, just
v/hat abilities is Mr. Bingay refer-
ring to-Avery's talent for preventing
fair ajudication of labor disputes!!!
-Bob Goldman

grounds of its neutrality. When
Germany's Axis partner, Italy, still
figured in the European war, Swiss
railroads proved an invaluable link
between the two fascist nations.
Under the shadow of Axis ag-
grandizement, Swiss democracy
strengthened and grew as the war
progressed. With 72 per cent of its
population German, Switzerland's
strongest party was Socialist. Gov-
ernment edicts had to be employed
to assure the nation's neutrality and
to counteract both strong pro-Allied
sentiment and subversive Nazi prop-
aganda.
The dilemma of maintaining a
legal neutrality while Swiss citi-
zens freely professed prejudice to
one side of the warring nations
was met by restrictive legislation
which contradicted growing liberal
trends. On one hand censorship
and armed mobilization was insti-
tuted while on the other hand
interest in social legislation and
Allied philosophy grew.
With legal neutrality carried to its
logical extreme, it was feared the
Swiss would offer asylum to fascist
war criminals after the German col-
lapse. But as quoted in the Sept. 16,
1944, issue of Collier's Magazine, the
gavernment informed Swiss border
officials that "the authorities are
empowered to forbid a special cate-
gory of refugees access to Swiss soil:
namely, foreigners who, because of
reprevable deeds, appear to have
made themselves unworthy of being
given asylum . .
The number of foreigners studying.
at Switzerland's colleges offers the
hope that in post-war years leader-
ship in havoc-ridden European na-
tions may come from these schools.
Perhaps even the Germans could be
inculcated ' with democratic ideals
taught in universities of a nation
that has been democratic since 1291.
Switzerland's historic position
and the sympathies and ideals of
its contemporary citizens make it
doubly ironic that the nation
should have been cast aside by the
Allies. Perhaps a readjustment of
its foreign policy to jibe with the
centuries-old Swiss traditions will
bring the nation into the Allied
fold. d-Paul Sislin

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4

Resolutions?

THE WAR Production Board in De-
troit reported that absenteeism in
war plants during New Year's week-
end averaged less than on the Satur-
day before Christmas.
New Year's resolutions, no doubt.
-Betty Roth



DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN

FRIDAY, JAN. 5, 1945
VOL. LV, No. 50
Publication in the Daily Official 'Bul-
letin is constrctive notice to all Mem-
bers of the University. Notices for the
Bulletin should be sent in typewritten
form to the Assistant to the President,
1021 Angell hall, by 3:30 p. m. of the day
preceding publication (11:30 a. m. Sat-
urdays).
Notices
To the Members of the Faculty,
College of Literature, Science and
the Arts: The January meeting of
the Faculty of the College of Litera-
ture, Science, and the Arts for the
academic year 1944-45, will be held
on Monday, Jan. 8, 1945, at 4:10 pu..
in Rm. 1025 Angell Hall.
The reports of the various commit-
tees have been prepared in advance
and are included with this call to
the meeting.
Special Order: Admission of Vet-
eran Students.
Continuation of informal discus-
sion regardinguthe Combined Report
of the Curriculum Committee and
the Committee on Concentration and
Group Requirements.
A large attendance is desired.
Edward H. Kraus
All undergraduate women attend-
ing International Ball tonight will
have. special 1:30 a.m. permission
which may be granted by the head of
the residence in which they live.
Faculty, College of Literature, Sci-
ence, and the Arts: Midsemester re-
ports are due not later than Satur-
day, Jan. 6.
Reports cards are being distributed
to all departmental offices. Green
cards are being provided for fresh-
men reports; they should be returned
to the office of the Academic Coun-
selors, 108 Mason Hall. White cards,
for reporting sophomores, juniors,
and seniors should be returned to
1220 Angell hall.
Midsemester reports should nanic
those students, freshmen and upper-
class, whose standing at midsemester
is D or E, not merely those who re-
ceive D or E in so-called midsemester
examinations.
Students electing our courses, but
registered in other schools or colleges
of the University should be reporteai
to the school or college in which they
are registered.
Additional cards may be had at 108
Mason Hall or at 1220 Angell Hall.
Applications in Support of Research.
Projects: To give Research Commit-
tees and the Executive Board ade-
'I1~1a.P imea1to+r: fiv n1u r11 rjn.-gn1s_ it

Admission to School of Business
Administration Spring Term: Appli-
cations should be submitted prior to
Jan. 15. Application blanks available
in Rm..108 Tappan Hall.
Women Students: A number of
articles which have been found in
Barbour Gymnasium have been turn-
ed" over to the Lost' and Found De-
partment, Rm. 1 University Hall.
These include bracelets, rings, pins,
a pair of glasses, fountain pens, a
scarf, and mittens.
Concerts
An All-Brahms Program will be
presented at 8:30 p.m. Sunday, Jan.
7, in Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre, by
four faculty members of the School
of Music. The program will include
Brahms' Sonata for viola and piano,
Op. 120, played by Wassily Besekir-
sky, Professor of Violin, and Joseph
Brinkman, Professor of Piano. Pro-
fessor Arthur Hackett of the Voice
Department has chosen six songs as
his contribution to the program, and
Mrs. Maud Okkelberg, Professor of
Piano, will be heard inBrahms' Fan-
tasies, Op. 116. The general public
is invited.
Events Today
The Post-War Council will sponsor
a series of nxbvies on Russia this eve-
ning at 7:30 in Rackham Amphi-
theatre. The movies will picture the
life of the cities, the education of the
children, and the contribution of
Russian women. No admission will
be charged and everyone is invited.
There will be Sabbath Eve Services
at Hillel Foundation tonight at 7:45.
Services will be followed at 8:30 by
a Fireside Discussion on "The Psy-
chology of the Fascist Mind," led by
Prof. John Shepard of the psychol-
ogy department. A social hour and
refreshments will follow the Fireside
Discussion. The public is invited.
- Coining Events
Michigan Youth for Democratic
Action is holding a party on Sunday,
Jan. 7 in the Women's Athletic
Building from 7 p.m.-10 p.m All
veterans, servicemen and students
are cordially invited.
The regular meeting of the Luth-
eran Student Association will be held
this Sunday afternoon at 5 in Zion
Parish Hall. Prof. Howard McClusky
will be the speaker and supper will
be served after the program at 6.
Zion Lutheran Church- Regular
worship service at 10:30 a.m.
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BARNABY

By Crockett Johnson

Mr. O'Malley, my Fairy Godfather,
said he put the furs down there...
Nonsense, 1
Bdrnaby.
t

Well, nothing in the
cellar either, Baxter.
i, You didn't
fnd them?

CRocKETT
Barnaby invented this Pixey lU0 0 t
some timae ago . . . So when he
found that stolen fur wrap,
he imagined, naturally, that -
- 1
ething Yes, m'boy. I got the furs out of the cellar. In the
Chief- nick of time, too... But le's concentrate on
these six lamb sandwiches I promised those

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Sorry, Baxter. Searching your
house the way we did. But-



The kid sure gave me the idea some
funny was going on in that house,I