THE MICHIGAN DAILY SUrNDA , DEC. 3, 1944 THE PENDULUM: On the Russian Revolution DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN Telephone 23-24-1 Member of The Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights of re- publication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second-class mal matter. Subscriptions during the regular school year by car- rier, $4.50, by mail, $5.25. i Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1943-44 NIGHT EDITOR: DOROTHY POTTS Editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. Reprisals THE German High Command blandly asserted yesterday that it is considering disassociating itself from all international conventions gov- erning the conduct of war and treatment of prisoners. The statement was related to threatened re- prisals for reported French treatment of German guerillas in Alsace. Immediate reaction to this announcement is likely to be one of deep emotion and hysteria and one of the first things to come to mind is the unrestricted use of poison gas. The Geneva and Hague Conventions under which the United Nations have agreed to con- duct the war "so long as our enemies live up to it" outlaw the use of poison gas and prescribe humane treatment for war prisoners. Regarding the first, the effective use of poison gas depends upon two factors: proper weather conditions and surprise. To be effective gas must be fused into a 'highly favorable atmosphere in which wind velocity is in the right direction and doesn't shift. From the experience in the first World War, a shift in the wind can do more harm to the projectors than the intended enemy. There is little opportunity for effective sur- prise today. Gas can be discharged from grenades, mortar fire or by aircraft. At this stage of the war, our airforce has complete mastery of the skies which would eliminate any element of surprise from the meagre German Luftwaffe. Our military leaders haven't been so naive as to ignore the use of chemical warfare and our men fighting overseas have every possible pro- tection against it. They have been drilled in chemical warfare ever since their basic training; each man carries a gas mask; and in addition, has a chemically treated cloak which will protect him and his weapons against any chemical. Should the Germans attempt to use chemicals in a last desperate effort in frustration, we need have no fear that our men will be unprepared to protect themselves and to retaliate in unmiti- gated force. But what of the treatment of prisoners. It is a known fact that our men held in German prison camps get the barest of food rations, are permitted only a few letters a year, and have the worst living conditions possible. To get an almost paradoxical picture we have only to review what information we have about prisoners of war being kept here and in Canada. They have the best food - the same as our boys -have excellent living conditions, and have even gone on strike because they didn't like their conditions. We needn't wonder what would happen to our boys in Germany if they struck in Hitler's back- yard. In all this there is an immediate impulse to hate with even greater intensity than some amongst us have to date, but at the moment there is only cause for understanding and none for alarm. Hate is an all-consuming power and may blind us to more fundamental concepts desir- able to make a just peace and a peace that "our common" men will understand and sup- port. This announcement can only make us more vigilant and filled with a greater appre- ciation in the knowledge that we are "playing the game according to the rules." -Stan Wallace Response Disappointing STUDENT response to a request for suggestions of material to be included in the mammoth history of the University at war has been dis- By BERNARD ROSENBERG On the Russian Revolution--II. EVERYONE agrees that Soviet Russia is going through a period of transition. Almost ev- eryone disagrees as to the direction in which she is transiting. Karl Marx foresaw as preliminary steps to his Utopia first, dissolution of the bour- geoise, then the temporary dictatorship of the proletariat, and finally a classless society from which all institutions would disappear. Domine Says JT. WAS WOODROW WILSON, after his battle with the Clubs at Princeton, who made the case for "disinterestedness" as the essence of religion. Well he might, for he had seen intellec- tual power suffer defeat at the hands of prestige, and good education go down before tradition and luxury. The Clubs and a conservative faculty taught the great Wilson that evil cloaked in cus- tom is more subtle than any new good if not more powerful. In many ways that experience put the tenacious educator into politics. At the table in Versaille it gave him more insight into affairs than the world has given him credit for having. At least he insisted upon making the League part of the Treaty. He saw no disinter- estedness at that peach table. To make the League a part of the Covenant was the only chance a peace plan could have in Europe or America in 1918. In his distinctive novel, "The Razor's Edge," Maugham has pictured Larry as the conscience of a post war generation. He is truly disinter- ested. Like the great Chisholm in Cronin's "Keys of the Kingdom," he becomes the lenz by which we can view the period and peep into the hidden corners of ourselves or understand our own cliques. This is the quality on which Socrates, while dying, carried forward that greatest conversation in history, and by means of which, Jesus on the cross could pray for those who brought him to trial. Or was he praying for the Romans who sentenced him or perhaps just for the innocent slaves who had to drive the spikes? We hardly know whether or not he included them all when he petitioned saying, "Father forgive them, they know not what they do." "Abandonment is what we mean by religion," said Wilson. The sociologist insists that disinterested will is a contradiction in terms. Absence of selfish- ness, purity of motive, and singleness of pur- pose, likewise miss the point for they are in a measure negative. Religion is positive. He who values only the perfect situation, seeks without interruption of the senses the highest good and can contend to the end for a goal which is en- tirely impersonal is on his way to becoming saintly. But one must never relate disinterested- ness to goals other than pure being nor expect any success except integrity, lest the character- istic vanish. The feature we call disinterestedness seems to find consistency only as a person can aim at ultimate spirit, God, the all-good or immortality. J. Campbell Garnett in "A Realistic Philosophy of Religion," discusses it well but none have said the final word better than Jesus . . . "Be of good cheer, I have overcome the world." We accept that as a fact of which Jesus uniquely could report about his own distinterestedness. The quality these novelists are picturing, however, is part of this century and the disinterestedness expounded by Wilson has in it a triumph of the higher self liberated from every secondary inter- est, including the awareness of attainment. Edward W. Blakeman Counselor in Religious Education University of Michigan Sedition THE DEATH of United States Justice Edward C. Eicher Thursday may mean the close of a trial of 26 sedition defendants in Washington that has been going on since April 17. After some three million words of testimony, proceed- ings in what may have been the war's most sig- nificant trial may be dropped. If the trial were dropped, among defendants to go free would be such stalwarts of native reactionary movements as Joseph E. McWil- liams, Christian Front leader; Mrs. Elizabeth Dilling, author of the hysterical "Red Net- work;" and William Dudley Pelley, fuehrer of the Silver Shirts. Throughout the trial, which was once likened by a defense attorney to a "Bowery barroom brawl," Justice Eicher presided with eminent fairness, ruling out the hysterical utterances and charges of defendants, quashing their constant demands for new trials and patiently hearing accusations in his court of every kind of preju- dice. The trial was important not only in the sense of a trial of alleged seditionists but because it illustrated that the United States in war time could still treat the case of sedition dispassion- ately. It was important because the outcome of the trial would indicate the nation's ability .to protect itself from subversive elements through existing legal channels. Whether or not these people are guilty, con- tinuance of the trial under another judge, or a retrial, is vitally important to American democracy. -Paul Sislin IV This last phase of the Marxist dream neatly dovetails with the nihilism that sprouted in 19th Century Russia.) Well, the U.S.S.R. has succeeded in proletar-l ianizing itself. The mighty have been leveled; the many-kulaks and all-have been lifted out of vasselage. This was done by ukase under the rule of Lenin. Soviet sympathizers point out that of course full communism has not been achieved as yet, but Russia they insist is mov- ing towards it by inevitable processes of evolu- tion. Soviet depreciators say just the opposite; that Stalin has betrayed Marx and is moving away from communism, that his beaurocratic centralization of authority has been reinforced over a period of years, and far from forseeable disappearance this rule by the few seems/bent on lengthening itself into perpetuity. The truth, it seems to me, is that Soviet Russia has been militating both ways-demo- cratically here, autocratically there. The Constitution of 1936 is the embodiment of libertarian principles. If after World War II it becomes more than a scrap of paper, this document and the Russian government should be acceptable to Americans in every walk of life. As to further contrasts, when Lenin lived some criticism of the government was toler- ated; now it is not. Lenin abolished military ranks; Stalin reinstituted them. In 1917 Lenin had the state subsidize all education; in 1940 Stalin stopped subsidizing secondary educa- tion except in the industrial crafts. By the time Wendell Willkie visited Russia at the height of this war, he could report that wage differentials were greater in that country than in the United States. What does this mean? The factory manager who receives more money can invest it in the Bank of Russia-at 7% interest!-,send his son to school, and so begin to re-create the same old class distinctions and antagonisms that exist elsewhere. Nationalistic tom-toms have been beaten for "Mother Russia" ever since the war and organized religion seems to be on the upsurge. One begins to discern a strong middle class forming under the stress of war. Momentarily at least, orthodox Marxism is out the window as the Soviet swings from more to less communism. It is for this reason that W. Averill Harriman can and Joseph Davies could be such genial ambas- sadors to a state big business has feared more than any other. However, professional Russophobes and Red baiters tend to exaggerate this tendency. They pretend to be alarmed about such things as the banishment of co-education in primary schools. I asked Professor John Somervell of Cornell Uni- versity, who is an authority on the Russian educational system, about this matter. He ex- plained that Russian educators have discovered girls mature more rapidly than boys in the early grades. So, segregation not only in no way debases the distaff side, but actually gives it greater freedom to forge ahead. The emancipation of women, next to the equal treatment of ethnic minorities, is the finest aspect of Soviet Russia. Such moves as have been recently made to stimulate a higher birth rate may appear to be somewhat fasci- stic, but they will seem less so if you remember the tremendous loss in population that Russia has suffered. But, the over-all trend, to quote from Pro- fessor G. A. Borgese's "Common Cause" is toward "the progressive restoration of the fam- ily, of private property; of inheritance in the Soviet Union as an encouragement for the citi- zen to feel that he has some personal property to defend." Marshall Stalin is trying to make the con- tours of his country as much like those of the West as possible. Heretofore our suspicions of Russia have halt- ed any chance for real understanding between us. If a solid United Nations structure is erect- ed, the pressure will be off and no trend can mean anything then. Every veteran observer of for- eign affairs from Maurice Hindus to Sir Bernard Pares is convinced that post-war Russia will want nothing more than the opportunity to engage in large-scale reconstruction. We owe the Russians an immeasurable debt of gratitude for their fight against Germany. Russia has profusely thanked us for opening the second front and for Lend-Lease. Mutual adversity should act as a catalyst to the emer- gence of genuine social democracy. n Second Thought. By RAY DIXON Evidently we are assured of having a white Christmas every year from now on - at least on the radio. Washtenaw County faces a shortage of iodized salt. Wonder if officials have thought of looking in the cellar. And then there's the fellow who swears he saw a junior nervously light a cigarette, take a puff on the match and throw the cigarette away. He must have just finished a bluebook, butt definitely. With all the furor that is being raised in the press, it's beginning to look as though Tommy Corcoran has bitten off 'a Littell Biddle more than he can chew. SUNDAY, DEC. 3, 1944 VOL. LV., No. 28 All notices for The Daily Official Bul- letin are to be sent to the Office of the Assistant to the President, 1021 Angell Hall, in typewritten form by 3:30 p. m-. of the day preceding its publication, except on Saturday when the notices should be submitted by 11:30 a. in. Notices Student Tea: President and Mrs. Ruthven will be at home to students Wednesday afternoon, Dec. 6, from 4 to 6 o'clock. To the Members of the Faculty College of Literature, Science, and the Arts: The December meeting of the Faculty of the College of Litera- ture, Science, and the Arts for the academic year 1944-45 will be held on Monday, Dec. 4, 1944, at 4:10 p.m. in Rm. 1025 Angell Hall. The reports of the various commit- tees have been prepared in advance and are included with this call to the meeting. They should be retained in your files as part of the minutes of the December meetingH Edward II. Kraus Publication in the Daily Official Bulletin is constructive notice to all students and faculty members. Phillips Scholarships: Freshman students who presented four units of Latin, with or without Greek, for admission to the University, and who are continuing the study of either language, are invited to compete for the Phillips Classical Scholarships. Two scholarships, of fifty dollars each, will be awarded on the basis of a satisfactory written examination covering the preparatory work in Latin or in both Latin and Greek, as described in the bulletin on scholar- ships, a copy of which may be ob- tained in Rm. 1, University Hall, The examination will be held this year in Rm. 2013 Angell Hall O Thursday, Dec. 7, at 4 p.m. Inter- ested students are requested to sub- mit their names to Professor Copley 2026 A.H., or to Dr. Rayment, 203 A.H. University of Michigan Chines Cultural Scholarships: By the gen. erosity of the Ministry of Educatior of the Chinese National Government the University of Michigan is author. ized to 'offer five Chinese Cultura Scholarships annually, for which in- dividuals of Chinese nationality ar not eligible. The purposes of thes scholarships, in which the University of Michigan heartilyhconcurs, are t promote and strengthen the cultura relations between China and th United States and to encourage Chi nese studies in this country. Th general conditions under which thes scholarships will be administered ar as follows: 1. Eligibility. As a minimum con dition, applicants must have show merit in at least one year's study o Chinese language, history, literature art, geography, or the social science in relation to China. Authorship o published writings, on any of th above subjects, if judged to be o value by the committee in charge will be taken into consideration. Candidates may be either person already registered as students in th University of Michigan or eligible fo admission to the University of Mich igan as graduate students or as un dergraduates with upperclass stand ing in one of the other units of th University. 2. Stipend and term of appoint ment. The scholarships carry a sti pend of $1,500 per year of two semes ters (or terms). Appointments wil be made on the annual basis, an may be renewed upon expiration, ex cept that no individual will' be per mitted to hold the scholarship fo: more than three consecutive years 3. Selection of scholars. A com mittee appointed by the President o the University will receive applica- tions and select the most suitable candidates. Applications should be made to Dr. Frank E. Robbins, Assis tant to the President, 1021 Angell Hall. It is desirable that candidates should arrange for a personal inter- view with the committee. 4. Other requirements. In order to carry out the purposes of the schol- arships, holders will be required to pursue under faculty supervisiona program of study centering upon the Chinese language, literature, and culture generally, or the social sci- ences as they relate to China. The holders of scholarships must carry o their studies in residence at the Uni versity of Michigan, except that 01 recommendation of their faculty ad- viser and with the approval of the committee in charge arrangements may be made to do a portion of the work elsewhere. If suitable candidates appear, ap- pointments will be made at the be- ginning of the Spring term, 1944- 45, and thereafter. Choral Union Members whose at- tendance records are clear, will please call for courtesy tickets admitting to the Carroll Glenn concert Tuesday, Dec. 5, between 9:30 and 11:30 and 1:00-4:00 at the offices of the Uni- versity Musical Society in Burton Memorial Tower. After 4 o'clock no tickets will be issued. Rules governing participation in Public Activities: I. Participation in Public Activities: Participation in a public activity is defined as service of any kind on a committee or a publication, in a pub- lic performance or a rehearsal, or in holding office in a class or other student organization. This list is not intended to be exhaustive, but merely is indicative of the ,character and scope of the activities included. II. Certificate of Eligibility: At the beginning of each semester and sum- mer session 'every student shall be conclusively presumed to be ineligi- ble for any public activity until his eligibility.is affirmatively established by obtaining from the Chairman of the Committee on Student Affairs,' in the Office of the Dean of Stu- dents, a Certificate of Eligibility. Participation before the opening of the first semester must be approved as at any other time. Before permitting any students to participate in a public activity (see definition of Participation above), the chairman or manager of such activity shall (a) require each appli- cant to present a certificate of eli- gibility (b) sign his initials on the back of such certificate and (c) file with the Chairman of the Committee on student Affairs the names of all those who have presented certificates of eligibility and a signed statement to exclude all others from participa- tion. Blacks for the chairmen's lists may be obtained in the Office of the Dean of Students. Certificates of Eligibility for the first semester shall be effective until March 1. III. Probation and Warning: Students on probation or the warned list are forbidden to participate in any pub- lic activity. IV. Eligibility, First Year: No fresh- man in his first semester of residence may be granted a Certificate of Eli- gibility. A freshman, during his second semester of residence, may be grant. ed a Certificate of Eligibility pro. vided he has completed 15 hours o more of work with (1) at least one mark of A or B and with no mark o less than C, or (2) at least 22 times as many honor points as hours and with no mark of E. (A-4 points, B-3 C-2, D-J, E-0). Any student in his first semeste of residence holding rank above tha of freshman may be granted a Cer tificate of Eligibility if he was admit- ted to the University in good stand. ing. V. Eligibility, General: In order t receive a Certificate of Eligibility a student must have earned at least 1 hours of academic credit in the pre ceding semester,. or 6 hours of aca demic credit in the preceding sum- mer session, with an average of a' least C, and have at least a C averag for his entire academic career. Unreported grades and grades of x and I are to be interpreted as E unti removed in accordance with Univer sity regulations. If inthe opinion o: the Committee on Student Affair the X or I cannot be removed promp tly, the parenthetically reporte grade may be used in place of the?8 or I in computing the average. Students who are ineligible unde: Rule V may participate only afte having received special permissio of the Committee on Student Affairs Approved organizations. The fol lowing organizations have been ap proved for the academic year 1944 45. Those which have not been regis tered with the Dean of Students thi fall are presumed to be inactive fo the year. Alpha Chi Sigma Alpha Kappa Alpha Alpha Phi Omega Am. Inst. of Electrical Engineers Am. Soc. of Civil Engineers Christian Science Organization Delta Omega Engineering Council Forestry Club Interfraternity Council Kappa Phi Michigan Union Michigan Youth for Democratic Action Mu Phi Epsilon Newman Club Phi Delta Epsilon Philippine-Michigan Club Pi Lambda Theta Post-War Council Robert Owen House Sailing Club Sigma Xi- Society of Women Engineers Triangles ors, 108 Mason Hall, will receive, these reports and transmit them to the proper officers. Notice: Miss Gertrude Bruns, Field Adviser for Girl Scouts, will be at the University Bureau of Appointments and Occupational Information, to- day. Any girls who are interested in being interviewed for a position with the Girl Scouts, should call the Bu- reau to make an appointment for an interview. Faculty, College of Literature, Sci- ence, and the Arts: The civilian freshman five-week progress reports will be due Dec. 9 in the Office of the Academic Counselors, 108 Mason Hall. Identification Cards are now ready for distribution in Rm. 2, University Hall. City of Detroit Civil Service An- nouncement for Park Maintenance Man, Salary $1.10 to $1.15 per hour, has been received in our office. For further details stop in at 201 Mason Hall, Bureau of Appointments. State of Michigan Civil Service Announcements for Tabulating Clerk, A2, Salary $140 to $160 per month, Tabulating Clerk Al, salary $160 to $181.50 per month, Tabulating Ma- chines Supervisor 1, Salary $180 to $220 per month, have been received in our office. For further details stop in at 201 Mason Hall, Bureau of Appointments. United States Civil Service an- nouncement for Elevator Operator, salary $1,50 a year including over- time, has been received in our office. The closing date for Motor Truck Driver (Light Duty Trucks), and Mo- tor Truck Driver (Heavy Duty Trucks), salary $1,620 a year includ- ing overtime, has been extended in- definitely. The original closing date was Nov. 30. For further information stop in at 201 Mason Hall, Bureau of Appointments. World War II Veterans: Dr. Bruce M. Raymond of the U. S. Veterans 1 Administration, Dearborn, Mich., will be available for consultation in the office of the Veterans Service Bur- eau, 1514 Rackham Building, Wed- nesday, Dec. 6. Lectures University Lecture: Dr. Y.G. Chen, President of the University of Nan- king will lecture on the subject "To Win the Peace, as Chinese Professor - Sees It," under the auspices of the . International Center and Committee on Intercultural Relations, Wednes- day, Dec. 6, at 8 p.m. in the Rackham f Amphitheatre. The public is invited. s I University Lecture: 'Dr. Anna Jacobson, Associate Professor of Ger- man, Hunter College, will lecture on r the subject, "Thomas Mann as a t Cultural Mediator" at 4:15 p.m., - Wednesday, Dec. 13, in the Rackham - Amphitheater under the auspices of - the Department of Germanic Lan- guages and Literatures. The public is cordially invited. 0 1 Academic Notices - Mathematics 347: Seminar in Spe- - cial Functions meets Tuesday, Dec. 5, - at 3:00 in room 317 West Engineer- t ing. Professor Rainville will speak on e "Laguerre and Legendre Polyno- mials." 1 Biological Chemistry Seminar will - be held from 4:15 to 5:15 Wednesday f afternoon, Dec. 6, in Room 319, West s Medical Building. "The Biological - Synthesis of Polysaccharides - Re- d cent Studies" will be discussed. All interested are invited. r History of Printing, extension r course. This class will meet this week n on Thursday night, Dec. 7, instead of . Tuesday night. Concerts Carroll Glenn, violinist, with San- s ford Schlussel at the piano, will give. r the fifth program in the Choral Union Concert Series, Tuesday evening, Dec. 5, at 8:30, in Hill Auditorium. The program is as follows: Bach Sonata No. 1; Brahms Sonata No. 3; Poeme, Chausson, Sonatina, Chavez; Prel- ude, Gershwin-Heifetz; Improvisa- tion, Kabalewsky; and Ravel's Tzi- gane. A limited number of tickets are available at the offices of the Uni- versity Musical Society, in Burton Memorial Tower. Exhibitions Architecture Building, main corri- dor cases, through Dec. 9, "How an Advertisement Is Designed." An ex- hibit furnished by courtesy of Young & Rubicam, Inc., New York. Events Today The Congregational-Disciples Guild will meet at the Congregational Church, State and William Sts., at Y I Y A' BARNABY We have to dig a lot more to make that trap big enough for such a big animal- - - - - - Of course! Come, m'boy! We'll borrow a few simple household items. From your household. A bolt of calico, some beads, a sack of flour, n ;. :o. . ,f enmuaIina beverane nna n- By Crockett Johnson That, plus your Fairy Godfather's shrewd management of our new organization- r-.TI InHN InACnR CA MALL I