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VOL. LV, No. 94 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN WEDNESDAY, MARCH 14, 1945
Nazis Attack Rma en Erel Bri ge]
PRICE FIVE CENTS
head
100,000 Reds
Push Across
Oder River
Russians Reported
33 Miles from Berlin
By The Associated Press
LONDON, Mar. 14, Wednesday-
Marshal Gregory K. Zhukov, achiev-
ing a breakthrough in a frontal as-
sault toward Berlin, has pushed
nearly 100,000 Russian troops across
the Oder River between Frankfurt
and newly-captured Kuestrin and
has sent spearheads within 33 miles
of the Reich capital, the Germans
said last night.
The German DNB agency con-
tended the breakthrough was only
temporary but said nine Russian
divisions now were fighting on the
west side of the river on the 16-mile
wide, Kuestrin-Frankfurt front.
Unconfirmed by Moscow -
While the broadcast Soviet com-
munique made no mention of any
crossings in that critical area, Mos-
cow dispatches told of preparatory
artillery fire by heavy Russian guns
wheeled into- positions in battered
Kuestrin. Reports from the Russian
capital indicated that three Russian
armies were expected to make the
massive assault on Berlin.
According to the Germans, Rus-
sian task forces are attempting to
force open the forefeld defense of
Berlin in these three areas:
Westward from Kietz on the Oder's
west bank opposite Kuestrin.
In the bridgehead opposite Goer-
itz, six miles below Kuestrin.
In the Lebus bridgehead, six miles
north of Frankfurt.
Fighting Is Heavy
The Russians breakthrough was
secured in, the Lebuis bridgehead
area, a Nazi commentator said, add-
ing that fighting on the high ground
commanding the Frankfurt-Berlin
highway w, heavy and fluctuating.
Below Danzig in the canal-cut
delta area east of the Vistula River,
the Russians occupied seven towns
including Neukirch, 14 miles south-
east of the former free city. Soviet
units previously had driven to with-
in nine miles northwest and south-
west of Danzig.
More than 1,000 prisoners were
taken by the Russians in the fighting
in the Gdynia-Danzig area.
Stettinius Group
Proposes Plan
WASHINGTON, Mar. 13.-()-A
system of trusteeships to replace one-
nation, mandates for the control of
former enemy territories will be pro-
posed at the forthcoming San Fran-
cisco Security Ccnference.
This was learned today as Secre-
tary of State Stettinius began pre-
liminary conferences with the United
States delegation to the meeting,
which starts April 25. Stettinius, who
is chairman of the group, predicted
its members would be able to "work
as one team," but at the same time
be free to pursue their "personal
views and convictions."
The trusteeship proposal was not
provided in the' Dumbarton Oaks
Security plan which will chart the
San Francisco parleys.
Evidently discussed among the Big
Three representatives at Yalta, it is
intended as a formula for the dis-
position of territories such as the
Japanese-mandated islands which
now are a part of the Pacific battle-
ground, through joint control of two
or more powers.
CAMPUS EVENTS
Today: Prof. Charles Wagner will
deliver a lecture in Socie-
dad Hispanica series at
8 p.m. in the Union.
Today: Copies of the second edi-
tion of the V-Ball Extra
may be picked up until
5 p.m. at the Student
Publications Building.
Today and Tomorrow: 3 to 5 p.m.
petitioning and interview-
ing for seven Assembly
Central Committee posi-
tions for Assembly-Pan-
hel Ball in the Kalama-
zoo Room at the League.
Today: Piano Recital by Benja-
min Owen at 8:30 p.m. in
Lydia Mendelssohn Thea-
Bombers
Hit Japan 's Second
Cit
'U.S. First Plunges to
Marines Invade Two Islands
Off West Coast of Iwo Jima
e
Osaka Transformed
Into Huge Fire Pit
By The Associated Press
GUAM, Mar. 14, Wednesday-
Osaka, factory-congested second city
of Japan, was transformed into "a
huge pit of fire" by more than 2,000
tons of incendiaries dropped today
by a huge force of B-29s which on
Monday completely burned out 47,-
600.000 square feet of industrial Na-
goya.
The first Superfortress pilots back
from Osaka, where they gave it the
same devastating treatment accord-
ed Tokyo Saturday, then Nagoya,
Monday, reported four square miles
of Osaka were a solid sheet of fire.
Reports Are Incomplete
Their reports covered only the first
three quarters of an hour-before
many of an estimated 300 B-29s had
unloaded.
The first 25 B-29 over Osaka set
at least 19 big fires.
The Osaka raid, like the big ones
at Nagoya and Tokyo, was made in
the early morning darkness.
The raiders were favored by a sur-
face wind which spread the flames,
although only a slight wind was en-
countered at the bombing altitude.
Hit Industrial Area
One pilot saw a Japanese fighter
plane which declined to come close.
Enemy searchlights by the scores
stabbed the skies.
As in the other saturation attacks
which left block after block in flames,
Osaka's congested industrial area
was the target of today's assault.
Prof. Wagner
To Disc ss Flk
Music of Spain
Spanish folk music will be the
topic of an address, "Cante Jondo,"
to be delivered by Prof. Charles Wag-
ner of the Romance language de-
partment at 8 p. m. today in Rm.
316, the Union.
The lecture, to be accompanied by
recordings, will deal primarily with
the gypsy music of southern Spain.
Prof. Wagner will discuss the back-
ground and art of the selections.
The music, which is Oriental in
character, originated with the Arabs
who occupied Spain for more than
800 years, Prof. Wagner stated. It
was later modified by the gypsies,
settling near Granada, who develop-
ed a distinctive quality of their own,
he commented.
The lecture, sponsored by La So-
ciedad Hispanica, will be delivered in
Spanish. It is open to the public.
Music Hour, Seminar
To Be Held Today
A special music program, spon-
sored by the Student Religious Asso-
ciation, featuring Beethoven's "Missa
Solemnis" will be held at 7:30 p.m.
today in the library of Lane Hall.
Les Hetenyi, a graduate student in
musicalogy, will lead this Association
Music Hour.
There will also be a seminar on
Student Christian Movements held
at 4 p.m. today in Lane Hall. Mr.
Frank Littell, director of Lane Hall,
will lead the discussion.
Japs Continue Stand
On North Iwo Jima
By The Associated Press
GUAM, Wednesday, Mar. 14-The
Marines made amphibious landings
Tuesday on two islets west of Iwo
the Navy announced today.
Kamgoku Iwa, the northernmost o
the two islets, puts the leatherneck
almost due west of Kitano Point
northern extremity of Iwo where the
Japanese continued to hold out yes-
terday on the 23rd day of the inva-
sion with small arms, machine guns
and mortar fire. There were no ap-
preciable changes in the Marine lines
on Iwo Tuesday.
Landing Unopposed
The other islet invaded was Kama,
due west of the west central coast.
Both flank the Iwo sector assigned
to Maj. Gen. Keller E. Rockey's Fifth
Marine Division. The landings were
unopposed.
Adm. Chester W. Nimitz' communi-
que reporting the landings described
the two points as "rocks."
Caves Sealed Up
On Iwo, a small Japanese pocket
on the east coast at Tachiiwa Point,
was further reduced Tuesday by Maj.
Gen. Clifton B. Cates' Fourth Ma-
rine Division.
During the day 115 more of the
maze of caves used by the Japanese
were sealed up.
Air Attack
Army fighters based on Iwo made
new attacks north of Iwo Tuesday on
the airfield and harbor at Chichi in
the Bonin Islands. The communique
belatedly listed attacks on Chichi
Sunday and Monday by Army Air-
force Liberators.
Other air attacks were reported
against enemy positions on Babel-
thuap in the Palau Islands and on
Yap in the western Carolines, both on
Tuesday.
Four Mmdanao
Towns Taken
MANILA, Wednesday, March 14-
(P)--Forty-first Division troops, seiz-
ing four villages north of captured
Zamboanga, pursued the disorganized
Japanese into the Mindanao hills
against increasing resistance Monday
while on Luzon the Yanks conquered
the southern end of the bitterly-con-
tested Shimbu line.
Gen. Douglas MacArthur said in
his communique today that Maj.
Gen. Jens A. Doe's.battle-tested 41st,
after capturing the villages of Can-
elar, Santa Maria, Sinonog and Pit-
ogo, was in hot pursuit of the enemy.
Tanks paced the drive.
Antipolo, southern anchor of the
Shimbu line east of Manila, was cap-
tured after a fierce fight. To the
south, 11th Airborne Division troops
reached Los Banos. site of the former
internment camp, and Santo Tomas,
on the main rail and highway route
into southern Luzon.
The 158th Regimental Combat
team captured the town of Batangas,
capital of Batangas Province, in a
swift eastward sweep from Balayan
Bay. Batangas is on Batangas Bay,
on the north end of the Verde Island
passage between Luzon and Min-
doro.
C0'5
- t STATUTE MILES
aBON N G' "
E - i
K o a r g s w m t e a
Uonnef
RheInbreltbach *e
Bruchhausen
re R YOhlenberg ,
R E MAG EN .L'n z ti
DaI enberg
Hoenningen
Rhine River Isenburg
IrohlI
"" e uwied
CO BLE N Z ''
YANK DRIVES ALONG RHINE--Open arrows indicate direction of
American drives to expand the Rtemagen bridgehead (shaded area)
along the east bank of the Rhine River in Germany. Solid line is the
approximate battle front.
CAREY iJW 3rdLAM SPAS
Nat ional Government Urged
To Outlaw Discrimination
"If the federal government can prevent discrimination against an em-
plIoyee because of his trade union affiliation, it can prevent discrimination
against him because of his Skin color," Carey McWilliams, noted sociologist,
said yesterday in a lecture sponsored by the Department of Sociology.
A national policy, in the form of a Congressional joint resolution is
needed to combat the segregation which breeds and perpetuates preju-
dice," he continued. "Scientists have showed that prejudice is not based
on actual racial difference, but upon
Ruhr Super Highway
Doughboys Win Heights Controlling
Bridgehead; Gains Measured in Yards
By The Associated Press
PARIS, Wednesday, Mar. 14-The Germans attacked the American
Remagen-Erpel bridgehead with at least 60 planes yesterday and fought
stubbornly in the hills east of the Rhine River, but U. S. First Army troops
pushed relentlessly deeper and reached within two miles of the great
six-lane superhighway linking Frankfurt-on-Main and the industrial Ruhr.
Gains made by American infantry were measured in yards, but it was
pointed out that the advances gave the doughboys control of important
heights controlling the bridgehead,
which was now being speedily built
up with the help of a newly-erected
pontoon bridge.
Frequent Raids
Throughout the day the skies were
filled with dogfights as the enemy
made frequent raids and fighters of
the Ninth Air Force labored to keep
them away from the bridgehead area.
Half a dozen or more lightning-fast
jet-propelled planes were among the
enemy attackers in the Germans'
strongest air effort since the Rhine
crossing March 7.
American planes shot down ten,
claimed five probables and damaged
six while losing four of their own.
Anti-aircraft gunners destroyed oth-
ers, but no tabulation of their score
was yet available. Monday, when the
German raids were lighter, ack-ack
batteries shot down 19 enemy planes.
New Attack
While fighting flared over and
around the bridgehead, the U. S.
Third Army lashed out in a new at-
tack on a nine-mile front in the Saar-
burg area and advanced up to 2%
miles.
A field dispatch tonight from Don
Whitehead of the Associated Press
disclosed for the first time that Lt.
Gen. Courtney H. Hodges' First Ar-
my engineers had succeeded in throw-
ing a temporary bridge across the
wide, swift river to share the burden
with the shell-scarred rail structure
captured in dramatic fashion last
Wednesday.
Small Yardage Gained
Today's bridgehead advances, while
not great in yardage, drove the Nazis
from high ground east of the Rhine
from which their artillery observers
had direct observation of both traf-
fic-laden spans. The Germans made
numerous small counterattacks, all of
which were repelled.
Over-Opt:i iisni
Warned Against
'In Parliament
LONDON, March 13-()-War
Secretary Sir James Grigg told the
House of Commons today that Allied
armies were preparing to cross the
Rhine in force, then cautioned the
cheering members against counting
on a quick end of the war.
"The position now is that the north
bank of the Moselle is rapidly being
cleared of the enemy and our forces
are preparing for the task of cross-
ing the Rhine in force," he said.
"In spite of this - miraculous bet-
terment in our fortunes it would be
unwise to act as if all were over, bar
the shouting. In recent months we
have had one false dawn and I am
sufficient of a pagan not to want to
provoke a nemesis."
The War Secretary also told the
house that after the final victory over
Germany a substantial number of
men in the British armed service with
long periods of duty overseas would
be released and men now in civilian
"reserved occupations" would be call-
ed up.
DumbartonPian
Popular in N.H.
CONCORD, N.H., Mar. 13.-(A)-
An indication of the nation's general
feeling towards the Dumbarton Oaks
Post-War Peace Plan was given to-
night by citizens of New Hampshire's
225 communities who voted over-
whelmingly for the international pro-
posals.
Returns from 212 of the towns in
the Granite State-one of the coun-
try's original 13 colonies-shoed 13,-
847 votes for the plan and 751 a-
gainst it. One hundred and two
municipalities voted unanimously for
Monte pigolno
In Appenines
Taken by Yanks
U.S. Fifth Beats Off
Nazi Counterattacks
By The Associated Press
ROME, Mar. 13-American Fifth
Army troops, straightening their
Apennine battle line in northern Italy
for future operations, have captured
Monte Spigolino, a 5,900-foot peak
14 miles northwest of Pistoia, Allied
headquarters announced today.
Several German counterattacks
against the newly-won American po-
sitions were beatedloff. Monte Spig-
olino is about three miles east of
Piansinatico, on highway 12 running
from Lucca to Modena.
To the west and along the Ligurian
sea coast the Germans heavily shelled
Allied forward positions. Allied pa-
trols made contact with the Germans
along the coast.
South of Bologna Fifth Army
troops advanced about 300 yards,
taking several houses less than a
mile southwest of Monte Rumici.
South of Salvara other units made
small advances without encounter-
ing any enemy opposition.
Bates To0 Attend
Union Banquet
Former Law School
Dean To Give Speech
Dr. Henry Moore Bates, former
dean of the Law School, will be the
featured speaker at the Union Ex-
ecutive Council introductory banquet
at 12:30 p. m. Saturday in the And-
erson room.
Dr. Bates, one of the original
founders of the Michigan Union in
1907, will give campus newcomers
who attend the banquet a brief view
of how the Union has become one of
the co-ordinating factors in campus
activities.
Functions of Union Described
Jim Plate, '45, council president,
will explain some of the functions
of the Union and describe many of
the projects of the Executive Coun-
cil.
All men students who are eligible
for extra-curricular activities for the
first time this semester and all men
who are not as yet affiliated with
large campus activities are invited to
attend this banquet. Purpose of the
gathering is to acquaint these men
with the varied program of the Exec-
utive Council and to urge them to
become an active part of this group.
Sign Up at Student Office
Students who are interested in ex-
tra-curricular- activities in general
and the Michigan Union in particu-
lar may attend the banquet, which is
free .of charge, merely by signing up
in the Student Offices of the Union
before Thursday. There is no obliga-
tion attached to signing up. Offices
are open daily between 3 and 5 p. m.
Film on UT o
Be Presented
Scenes of campus war activities in
the sound and color film, "Michigan
on the March," will be shown con-
tinuously from noon to 10 p. m.
tomorrow at the Lydia Mendelssohn
Theatre.
"To The Ladies," a movie obtained
from the Army which pays tribute
to American women and girls in the
war effort also will be included. Both
films will last 45 minutes and there
what people think of that difference,
McWilliams pointed out. Proper use
of federal legislative facilities, he
stated, can bring about a change in
that thinking.
Wants Program of National Policy
McWilliams said that he would like
to see the Urban League and the Na-
tional Association for the Advance-
ment of Colored People, the twoj
strongest Negro organizations in the
country, put forth a program of na-
tional policy and ask for its support
by non-partisan groups. "What can
organized Jewish groups, organized
Catholic groups, the National Council
of Churches, and organized labor
groups do but support such a pro-
gram?" he asked.
"The elimination of the poll tax
won't result in many more Negroes
voting," the sociologist remarked. The
remedy, he declared, is to be found
in the second clause of the fourteenth
amendment which states that it dis-
crimination in a state is practiced so
as to reduce the electorate appreciab-
ly, then the representation of that
state to Congress shall be reduced
proportionately.
Embarassing Situation
"I wonder how effectively we can
argue for the protection of European
racial minorities at the peace table,"
McWilliams remarked. The embar-
assing situation has come up at Dum-
barton Oaks and will arise again in
San Francisco, he warned.
"The reason I think we face a con-
tinuing crisis is because our unof-
ficial policy of education and segre-
gation has broken down. We fail to
see that the racial minorities have
outgrown this pattern," McWilliams'
declared. Education has reached the
point where it can proceed no fur-
ther under segregation, he said.
Prejudice is Too Costly
As an example he cited the case of
Gaines vs. Missouri in which the Su-
preme Court ruled that the state of
Missouri must either admit Gaines,
a Negro law student to its state uni-
versity or provide other means for his
education. The state chose to erect
another law school which accepted
only Negroes.
LAND OF THE MAHARA JAHS:
Fisher To Give Final Oratorical Lecture Tomorrow
"The Land of the Maharajahs" will
come alive in Hill auditorium at 8:30
p. m. tomorrow when "Singapore
Joe" Fisher discusses his films in the
concluding lecture of the Oratorical
Association series.
The films are part of a series of
pictures which Fisher has recorded,
as a hobby, of every interesting place
or unusual event that came his way.
Christened "Singapore Joe" by the
Sultan of Johore, Fisher still treas-
ures the diamond-studded cigarette
case and holder given him in a recep-
tion at the Sultan's palace. He own-
ed a chain of movie theatres through-
out the East, as varied as the people
who gathered in them. Some, like
the famous Capitol Theatre in Singa-
pore, were luxurious with silk hang-
ings and plush-covered seats; others
Born in Capetown, he fell into the
motion picture business naturally.
His father operated the biggest movie
chain in the Union of South Africa
and was dazzling the natives with
two-reelers as far back as the turn of
the century, at which time the chain's
legal interests were represented by
the law firm of Gandhi and Pollock!
VnulPAWna. MA" .
.............