THE MICHIGAN DAILY

'AMERICA'S ROLE IN THE WORLD ECONOMY:
Alvin Hansen's Book Discussed

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Margaret Farmer . . Editorial Director
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NIGHT EDITOR: RAY SHINN
Editorials published in The Michigan Daily
are written by members of The Daily stag
and represent the views of the writers onty.
Mem, orial Day
THERE IS very little left to say on May 30.
Men and women who have fought for us
and feared with us have paid the supreme price
of World War II. Before them, their fathers
paid a similar price. All fought for the common
goal-a free, democratic America which we today
take too much for granted.
Their actions were and are a memorial far
better than the words in which we attempt
to eulogize them.
"It is for us the living" to not only remember
these heroes for a brief ninute on this day,
but to follow their 'example of selfless courage
in peace as in war.
In 1945, with one war at an end and another
yet to be won, we can only offer a prayer
that this will be the last war-time Memorial
Day.
There is indeed very little left to say; there
is a great deal left to do.
-Mary Brush
Bob Goldman
Oientation
N UNIVERSITY women are at present regis-
tered as orientation advisors for the summer
term.
In a large university like Michigan, an orien-
tation period is of vital importance. It unifies
freshman and transfer groups, acquaints them
with the campus and each other, and has a last-
ing effect on their attitude toward activities
and all campus life.
The summer orientation period is short,
lasting only from June 27 to June 34, and
would thus necessitate remaining in Ann Ar-
bor only an extra week. Ann Arbor girls
could easily devote four days of their summer
vacation to this activity.
Any coed who feels that she can Spare this
time should turn in her name at the office of
the Social Director of the Michigan League.
-Lois Kelso
Human Rights
"BIG BUSINESS," the fighting words of the
past twenty years, for the promotion of
which so much hard-earned publicity money has
been spent, is again acting in its accustomed
manner. "Big Business," in the name of the
Ford Motor Co., once more makes itself obnox-

iaus by placing property rights before human
rights.
An NXIA temporary housing unit Intended
to ease Detroit's highly critical situation
amnong Negro war workers has been denounced
by the automobile manufacturer as a "high-
handed attempt" to put through at taxpayers'
expense a building program "which is not
needed in the war effort and has no connec-
tian with it".
The project, which NHA defends as not de-
pendent on the Willow Run plant, now closing,
is especially unattractive to Ford since the gov-
eni;rnent has taken over Ford-owned land for it.

AMRICA'S ROLE IN THE WORLD ECO-
NOMY by Alvin 11. Hansen. New York, W. W.
Norton and Company, 1945. $2.5.
DEAN RUSSELL STEVENSON of the School of
Business Administration has said that any-
one wishing to understand the two basic view-
points in the economic world today could best
do so by reading Alvin H. Hansen's America's
Role in the World Economy and Friedrich Hay-
ek's Road to Serfdom. Dean Stevenson declared
that many of the differences of economic opin-
ion today rest on the differences in the two
philosophies therein represented.
The basic difference between Hansen and
Hayek, in my opinion, is that the former has
faith in the rationality of man while the latter
fears man's irrational urge for more and
more power. Hansen believes that a world
economy planned by men would be the best
of all kinds, while Hayek would rather trust
"natural" (almost comnpltcly untamed) eco-
nomic laws. While both realize that the trend
is toward more and more economic planning,
Hayek mourns and Hansen rejoices.
Hansen rejoices in the tena because he real-
izes that the world economy has reached the
point of complexity where centralized planning
is necessary, where the fate of the economy can
no longer be left in the hands of individual
business men, each vying for as much economic
I'D RATHER BE RIGHT:
Tariff Debate
By SAMUEL GRAFTON
1E ENTIRE Republican membership of the
House Ways and Means Committee has been
arguing for high tariffs, setting the tone for
party policy in both houses. That in itself is
not so bad; this is a free country; a man wants
to argue for high tariffs, let him argue for high
tariffs.
What hurts is the innocent joy with which the
argument is being offered; the air worn by these
Republican representatives, as of men who have
discovered something brand-new, and are per-
fectly entranced and delighted by what they
have found. They announce that tariffs are
needed to protect domestic industries. They say
this with delicious little gestures of pride, as if
it were a thought the world had long been wait-
ing for, instead of being one of the oldest and
tiredest gags in economics.
Do we really have to have an old-fashioned
tariff debate all over again; done unsmilingly,
with straight faces? Why can't we say, straight
out, that a politician who deals in chestnuts
is a bore, just like an actor who does the same?
In the first place, the argument about protecting
infant industry, which laid them in the aisles
in Hamilton's day, no longer applies.
Our industry is not an infant any more,
or, if it is, it is a kind of baby elephant, with
a big appetite, and if we put a fence around
it, all that will happen will be that it will
starve, or die from want of exercise. The
high tariff argument is a hangover from the
days when we were painfully learning to make
our own nails and horseshoes, and weren't
sure we knew how; it does not apply in a
day in which we can make enough nails and
horseshoes for the whole world, with our left
hand.
FINALLY, the whole concept of "high tariff"
versus "low" tariff is sort of obsolete. What
is' proposed in the reciprocal trade bill now be-
fore Congress is an administrative device, where-
by, in the rough, we swap favor for favor, find-
ing markets and granting markets, letting in
certain foods, for example, at just the seasons
when they don't compete with ours, and gaining
outlets for our own products in return. As
against the efficient complexity of that admini-
strative device, the demand for tariff walls,
pure and simple, is a kind of primitive bawl-
ing.
The Ways and Means mainority also makes
the point that to let the State Department
negotiate reciprocal trade treaties is bad be-
cause it means more "bureaucratic controls."
it is characteristic of a certain type of mind
that it loves to rattle around among these
corny absolutes. Snow is white, butter is
yellow, tariffs are good, and bureaucracy is
bad. It makes an easy way of thinking, if

you don't care where you come out.
TPHE TRUE dividing line between the prewar
mind and the postwar mind in America is
going to be, I think, that the postwar mind will
give up these outworn simplicities, this thread-
bare homespun. It is no use hanging on to the
quaint old signposts, when the streets are gone.
Suddenly we are adrift in an unfamiliar world,
in which we must feel our way, try to sell our
goods, try to keep going. W.alk softly, there
are ten million men around the next corner,
waiting for jobs.
And how strange our factories have become;
they are producing twice as much as ever
before, without the ten million. This one
worker at his bench produces thirty per cent
more in an hour than le used to, five years ago.
Nothing looks the way it did; and among these
shadows it is not reassuring, it is only bizarre,
to let down the tailboard of the wagon, and to
put on sale the same patent medicine that
failed to cure papa; snake oil in the vitamin
age.
(Copyright, 1945, N. Y. Post SynIitce)
BARNABY
Ar Hello, Barnaby. Hello, lile i enjoy C1
girl. niproving your nminds, I see. fairy stor

power as he can gather for himself. Hansen
also rejoices in the parallel trend of more and
more education for more and more people.
"Freedom and democracy cannot be achieved
by going back to laissez faire and non-interven-
tionist policies. In the modern world, freedom
and democracy can survive only by a positive
program of action firmly based on the broad edu-
cation and understanding of the masses of our
people and on their active and self-disciplined
participation in the formation of public policy,"
Hansen says in America' hole in the World
Economy.
Simple ianguge
N KEEPING with his desire that knowledge of
economic problems be spread among the gen-
eral population, Hansen has attempted to write
this book in simple, non-technical language so
that any layman of average intelligence could
understand it. Although he has generally suc-
ceeded in this attempt, there were spots at
which I found myself going back to my Econom-
ics 52 text for clarification of terms and con-
cepts.
Especially valuable is the half of the book
devoted to exposition of the character and
functions of the various international eco-
nomic agencies which have been proposed to
maintain peaceful and stable economic rela-
tions after the war. In maintaining stable
economic conditions these agencies will also
be helping to keep the peace in the broad
sense. For, as Hansen puts it, "It is increas-
ingly the view of economists that the depres-
sion started in 1929 is in very large measure
responsible for the present plight of the world"
Bretton Woods Plan,,.
THE INTERNATIONAL BANK for Reconstruc-
tion and Development and the International
Monetary Fund, both unanimously agreed upon
by representatives of forty-four nations at Bret-
ton Woods, New Hampshire, in July, 1944, are
the two principal instruments for bringing
about and maintaining the world in a state of
economic well-being. The large function of the
Bank is the lending of long-term capital for
the revival and continuous expansion of invest-
ment and production throughout the world. The
large purpose of the Fund is the control of cur-
rencies and prices in such a manner as to allow
the freest movement of trade among nations.
Hansen goes on to discuss the International
Trade Authority, UNRRA, the proposed Food
and Agriculture Organization, the International
Labor Organization and the Economic and So-
cial Council of the general international or-
ganization based on the Dumbarton Oaks pro-
posals. Everyone should understand the nature
and functions of these organizations.
Everyone should also understand the great
need foii international collaboration on mat-
ters economic, Hansen emphasizes. Ile points
out the many channels through which econo-
mic prosperity or depression in one country
may spread to most of the other countries of
the world. The contagion of uncontrolled eco-
nomic depression is a lesson we all learned
in the later twenties and early thirties. Let
us hope that we will soon learn the contagion
of economic prosperity.
-Myra Sacks '
Restrictions
NOW that the war in Europe is over, the full
weight of America's fighting power has been
thrown against Japan. But here at home we
will find that wartime restrictions on some
things have been reduced or eliminated.
Director of War Mobilization and Reconver-
sion Fred Vinson has announced a broad plan
for reconversion to civilian production. Manu-
facture of automobiles will begin. Refriger-
ators, washing machines, electric irons will re-
appear on the market. Restrictions on travel
will be lightened. Curfews will be lifted.
Nevertheless, the American public must re-
member that the United States still has a war
to win. As Vinson said, "Victory over Japan

The
fly PAULA BRO WEL
HAVE quite a good friend named
Nora who is graduating in June.
In less than a month, now, she'll be
all through with undergraduate col-
lege, and when she talks about it
she's like anything but the clear-
eyed youths who confidently face the
Future on YMCA posters.
Of course she feels the natural
reluctance of almost any relative-
ly security-loving human being to
tear herself away from a life in
which she has been happily settled
for several1 yea rs-'-esprecially Iwhean
soe is leaving the Kinown and the
Beloved for the Unfamiliar and
(so she has heard it rumored) not
particularly lovable. Also she views
with equally natural distaste the
prospect of having to devote her
principle energies to earning her
living instead of to the social and
intellectual pursuits in which she
has heretofore indulged. Nora is
somewhat spoiled and very much
addicted to the academic atmos-
phere.
If these were her only regrets she
wouldn't feel so badly about it. "But
who," Nora wails, "would want to
hire me? I can't do anything useful,
and I don't know half what I ought
to have learned in eight semesters!"'
MOST students must feel that way
when they graduate, and prob-
ably spend a few minutes mentally
beating themselves on the head for
not having gotten more out of col-
lege than they did. "But it's not
entirely my fault," Nora says de-
fensively. "Every time I find myself
in a good class it makes me madder
to think how much time I wasted in
courses where I didn't learn a thing
and which were dull besides!" She
feels particularly strongly about cor -
s'es in which objective examinations
are given. "Now take a history
course, for instance, where you know
perfectly well that each bluebook is
going to be a spot quiz," she began
at breakfast one morning while her
roommate sat at the other end of
the table cramming for a ten o'clock
bluebook. "What's more important---
knowing that Sarajevo is the place
where the assassination that began
World War I took place, or having
some idea of the development of the
idea of power-politics that helped to
create a background for the war?"
Seeing the doubtful expression
en the face of the girl sitting glum-
ly next to her she added, "Well
personally, I don't see any point
in studying history-or anything
else for that matter- unless it
helps you to attach some sort of
significance and meaning to the
present, and it can't do that unless
you've established relationships-
not just memorized a lot of handy
facts." I could see Nora preparing
to defend her words as the girl
next to her opened her mouth un-
certainly, but in a few seconds it
turned out to be only a very groggy
yawn, so she relaxed and contin-
ued. Occasionally Nora is given to
lengthy oratory in the mornings,
hard though that may be on her
associates.
A ND YOU certainly don't establish
any relationships when you're
studying for a spot quiz," she went
on. "You read your material, trying
to pick out the names and places and
catch - phrases that the professor
might possibly see fit to ask you
about, and you memorize them, not
the bigger movement that they're a
part of. And usually the lectures fol-
low just as superficial a plan! If
you start the other way around and
pay attention to the trends, the little
points just fall into place of their

own accord," she paused indignantly.
"But what is the good," she de-
manded, looking pityingly at her
roommate, "of sitting down and
cramming a lot of little facts into
your head just before a bluebook
when you know perfectly well you'll.
forget them the minute it's all
over- and what is the good of
knowing them anyhow when all
you do is fit them into a pattern
that shows what DID happen and
doesn't even set up a remotely sat-
isfactory theory of WHY, in terms
of what men wanted and why they
wanted it? If getting a college
education is just learning to mem-
orize there's no excuse for over-
rating it the way we do. What we
lught to be doing is learning to
think critically-how to see like-
nesses and differences, and the sig-
nificance of things that happen.
It's no wonder that a college de-
gree means as little as it does."
With that Nora finished her coffee
all in one gulp and stalked out of the
dining room. Too much awake now
to settle back into the numb, semi-
conscious haze in which we usually
eat breakfast, the rest of us picked
up the scattered newspapers and be-
gan to read them while Nora's room-
mate chanted definitions to herself.
By Crockett Johnson

.
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21 O
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13UY'A VWAR BOND
GET A KISS
~Y ED Rt
> 8 y"a-> - r


"eySmall C pange on' forget stamps help win the
War,L B L.TI
DA ILY uO"FF IC IA L B ULLET IN

Publication in the Daily Official Bul-
actin is constructive notice to all mem-
bers of the University. Notices for the
Bulletin should be sent in typewritten
form to the Assistant to the President,
1021 Angel Hall, by 2:30 p im. or the day
preceding publication (10:30 a. m. Sat-
urdays).
CENTRAL WALL TIME USED IN
THE DAILY OFFICIAL
BULLETIN.E
WEDNESDAY, MAY 30, 1945
VOL. LV, No. 160
Notices
Memorial Day: Today, May 30, is
a University holiday. University of-
fices and the General Library will
be closed and classes will not meet
except as may be directed by those
in charge of training programs being
conducted for the U.S. Government.
Closing hour for women students
will be 10 CWT Wednesday, May 30.
To the Members of the Faculty,
College of Literature, Science, and
the Arts: The June meeting of the
Faculty of the College of Literature,
Science, and the Arts for the aca-
demic year 1944-45 will be held Mon-
day, June 4, 1945, at 3:10 p.m. in
Rm. 1025 Angell Hall.
The reports of the various com-
mittees have been prepared in 'ad-
vance and are included with this
call to the meeting. They should be
retained in your files as part of the
minutes of the June meeting.
Hayward Keniston
AGENDA
1. Consideration of the minutes of
the meeting of May 7, 1945, (pp. 1168
to 1174) which were distributed by
campus mail.
2. Consideration of reports sub-
mitted with the call to this meeting.
a. Executive Committee-Professor J.
W. Eaton. b. University Council-
Professor P. S. Welch. No report.
c. Executive Board of the Graduate
School-Professor Z. C. Dickinson.
d. Senate Advisory Committee on
University Affairs-Professor H. M.
Dorr. e. Deans' Conference-Dean
Hayward Keniston.
3. New Business.
4. Announcements.
Admission: School of Business AI
ministration: Applications for ad-
mission to the School of Business
Administration for the Summer
Term or Summer Session should be
filed at 108 Tappan Hall prior to
June 15, Fall Term enrollees should
also apply now if they are not to be
in residence during the sunmer.
Notice to Men Students and House-
holders of Approved Houses for Men:
The closing date for the Spring Term
will be June 23 and rent shall be
computed to include this date.
Householders may charge for a room
between June 23 and 28 providing
the student keeps his possessions in
the room or occupies it himself. As
per the terms of the contracts, stu-
dents are expected to pay the full
amount of the contract three weeks
before the end of the term.
Registration for the Summer Term
begins June 28 and classes begin
July 2.
If either the householder or stu-
dent wishes to terminate their pres-
ent agreement, notice must be given
to the office of the Dean of Students
on or before June 2, at noon. Stu-
dents may secure forms for this pur-
pose in Rm. 2, University Hall.
C. T. Olmsted
Assistant Dean of Students
All engineering students planning
to take the State Board Engineering
Examination this semester must file
an application form with Asst. Dean
Olmstead before Thursday, June 7,
1945. This application form may be
obtained from Rm. 413 West Engi-

Undergraduate women intending
to register for summer term and
summer session should complete ar-
rangements for housing immediately
through the Office of the Dean of
Women. Special permission to live
outside the regular dormitories,
league houses, cooperatives and sor-
orities will not be given except in
extraordinary circumstances which
I should be reported immediately to
the Office of the Dean of Women.
Orientation Advisers: Women's or-
ientation advisers are wanted for tie
summer term. Volunteers should turn
in their names at the office of the
Social Director, Michigan League.
Women's Swimming Classes-Un-
ion Pool: Due to repairs being mde
in the Union Pool, the Tuesday and
Thursday evening swimming and life
saving classes for women students
will meet at Barbour Gymnasium
this week. There will be no swim-
ming on Saturday morning.
State of Connecticut Civil Service
announcement for Senior Case
Worker, Salary $1,920 to $2,340 per
annum, has been received in our
office. For further information stop
in at 201 Mason Hall, Bureau of
Appointments.
California State Civil Service an-
nouncements for Assistant Forestry
Engineer, $240 a month, and Assis-
tant Fruit and Vegetabl Marketing
Specialist, $215 a month, have been
received in our office. For further
information and details, stop in at
201 Mason Hall, Bureau of Appoint-
ments.
The Naval Research Laboratory:
Washington, D.C. Mr: T. D. Hans-
coms, and Lt. D. W. Atchley will be
in our office Thursday, May 31, to
interview 4l Electrical, Mechanical
and Radio Engineers, and Physicists
who are interested in employment
with them. For appointment call
the Bureau of Appointments, Univer-
sity Ext. 371.
Concerts
The University of Michigan. Wo-
men's Glee Club: Marguerite V.
Hood, Director, will present a spring
concert at 7 p.m., (CWT) Thursday,
May 31, in Hill Auditorium. It will
be assisted by the Navy Choir, under
the direction of Leonard V. Meretta,
in several popular songs and selec-
tions from light opera. The program
will be open to the general public
without charge.
Exhibitions
Sixteenth Annual Exhibition of
Sculpture of the Institute of Fine
Arts: In the Concourse of the Michi-
gan League Building. Display will be
on view daily until Comiencement.
"Krishna Dancing with the Milk-
maids" an original Rajput brush
drawing with studies of the hands n
crayon. Also examples of Indian fab-
rics. Auspices, the Institute of Fine
Arts, through May 26; Monday-Fri-
day, 1-4; Saturday, 9-11, CWT. Al-
umni Memorial Hall, Rm. B.
Exhibition under auspices of Col-
lege of Architecture and Design:
Architectural work of William W.
Wurster, Dean of School of Archi-
tecture and Planning, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, and former
prominent architect of San Fran-
cisco. Mezzanine Exhibition Rooms
of the Rackham Building. Open daily
except Sunday, 2 to 5 and 7 to 10
p.m. through June 2. The public is
cordially invited.
Coming Events
Mortar Board will meet Thursday
at 4 in the League. All old and new

comes ahead
Our economy
and American

of every other consideration."
will still be largely controlled,
citizens must accept this fact,
FFrances Paine

.

rO CLASSES

ON**SECOND
'THOUGHT.,.
y Ray Dixon
today so everyone is going out on

a binge. oops pardon us, parade,
, * * .
Some people p1ersist in dubbing this holiday
Decoration Day, but it seens to us that they
miss the true significance of the occasion. +
Memorial Day is the American's way of paying
tribute to his war dead and,. as such, it does
have a definite place on the University calen-
dar,
"It ain't what you do, but the way that you
do it," Thus the parade, together with ser-
vices planned on the court house steps following
it, should mean that for the first time in years
Memorial Day will mean more than just a day
when no classes are being held.

good realist
ry. But mo1st
.1 4. - 4 11

ifir
Fof Do you know
th r REAL witches,

CPBOCKE iT
Oh one gets around-Say. That reminds JOH S '
me. I saw an old friend of mine go by