I + u! $ III _ g\ , F, *1 ' qan 43nt-! WEATHER Fair and Continued Ciear, l~aderate lWin ws VOL. LV, No. 156 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, MAY 25, 1945 PRICE FIVE CENTS Weir Discusses War Atrocities Head of U. S. War Crimes Office Describes proposed System of Trials By ARTHUR J. KRAFT "It is impossible to believe the results of German atrocities until you see and smell them, for only when you see the dead and dying do you begin to realize the depths to which mankind has degraded itself," Brig- Gen. John M. Weir, Judge Advocate General in charge of the U. ,S. War Crimes Office, said yesterday in a press conference here. Recently returned from a tour of the atrocity camps in Germany, Gen. Weir declared that the United Nations War Crimes Commission in London *is wasting no time in identifying and Prof. Watkins Will Discuss Finance Plan Bretton Woods Bank System To Be Subject Prof. Leonard L. Watkins of the University Department of Economics and nationally-known fiscal expert, will speak on the Bretton Woods program at 8:00 p. m. EWT (7:00 p. m. CWT) today at Robert Owen Cooperative House. Prof. Watkins will discuss Bret- ton Woods' projected International Fund and Bank as opposed to the international monetary systems which existed in the inter-war per- iod-the international gold stand- ard of the 1920's and the restrict- ive and nationalistic devices adopt- ed in the 1930's. Prof. Watkins will ,explain the function of the proposed agencies in sanctioning devaluations and ex- change fluctuations in a.modest de- gree and making the loans necessary for reconstruction in place of the reckless international loans and the economic anarchy of the 1930's. In reference to the favorable report given the International Fund and Bank program by the House , of Representatives' Cur- rency and Banking Committee yes- terday, Prof. Watkins will com- ment on the proposals as segments of an international agency work- ing to maintain order and remove the threat of war. AAF . ToFly Men To U.S. G.L's Will Arrive Within Two Months LONDON, May 24.- ()- U.S. Eighth Air Force Headquarters an- nounced today that 40,000 air and ground crew members from 19 Amer- ican heavy bomber bases in England would be flown back to the United States within from 30 to 60 days. About 20,000 remaining men from the same groups will follow by water. The announcement said leaves and furloughs will be granted all of them "as soon as possible" after arrival. Of the remaining forces it was an- nounced that some will go directly to the Pacific. After home leaves, all men moved to the United States will return to their original organizations "and will not be assigned to replacement or redistribution centers," it was stated. Liberator groups scheduled for im- mediate return to the United States include the 44th, 93rd, 389th, 392nd, 445th, 446th, 448th, 453rd, 458th, 466th, 467th and 491st. Flying For- tress groups include the 191st, 351st, 381st, 398th, 401st, 457th and 82nd. Dr. Greenhut To Be Guest at Coffee Hour Dr. Morris Greenhut of the Eng- lish department will be the guest of honor at the Student Religious Asso- ciation Coffee Hour to be held from 4:30 to 6 p.m. EWT (3:30 to 5 p.m. CWT) today at Lane Hall. CAMPUS EVENTS Today Prof. Leonard Watkins, of the Economics Depart- ment, will speak on Bret- ton Woods at 8:00 p. m. EWT (7:00 p. m. CWT) at the Robert Owen Co- operative house. Today Dr. Frank L. Huntley will lecture on "What Kind of a Settlement for Japan" at the Hillel Foundation at 7:45 p. m. EWT (6:45 p. m. CWT). asserbling evidence against Ger- mans accused as war criminals. Prosecutions will begin promptly, he said, when- the inventory is complet- ed. Emphasizing the magnitude of the identification procedure and appre- hension of war criminals, Gen. Weir called attention to the fact that more than three million German prisoners, now in Allied hands, must be sifted through and identified before those responsible for war crimes can be determined. Some German soldiers are still roaming the country in civilian clothing and many have changed their names, which makes for added difficulty, he pointed out. War criminals among German prisoners of war in the United States, he indicated, will be returned to Ger- many for trial. The War Crimes Commission is not a prosecuting agency, but acts as a clearing house for reports from the 16 "United Nations who each have a representative on the ,Commission. The United. States is represented by Lt.-Col. Joseph V. Hodgson, a grad- uate of the University Literary col- lege and Law School. The function of the War Crimes Commission, Gen. Weir explained, is to collect prima facie evidence (sufficient evidence to bring a man to trial before a court) against accused Germans, who can then be prosecuted according to mili- tary law by any of the Allied or neu- tral 'nations. While most of the war criminals will be tried in countries where they have committed atrocities, the Ger- man leaders like Goering, he said, will be tried by a special United Nations court. The majority of trials will be con- ducted in Germany, he said, by the occupying armies, following the pol- icy of holding trials in the most con- venient place. Germans who have tortured, maimed and murdered Ger- man Jews, Catholics, and other na- tionals, and have committed other crimes against humanity will be pun- ished, Gen. Weir stated, according to the established rules of warfare, a part of international law. The rules of warfare, he explained, allow our military tribunals to exercise the same authority over Germans as did German courts before the occupa- tion. While there may be some mass trials, Gen. Weir stated, the circum- stances of each case will be consider- ed before indictment. There can be no blanket rule regarding the valid- ity of defense of superior orders. Each case, he said, must be examined individually to determine if the Ger- man soldier, under orders to com- mit atrocity, is to be prosecuted as a war criminal. Munoz Is Appointed To Purchasing Post Augusto Munoz, Chilean civil engi- neer who received his master's de- gree in wood technology from the University in 1944, has been appoint- ed a member of the commission which will purchase machinery for Chile in the United States. Himmler Captured, KillsSelf Gestapo Lead Crushes Vial Between Teeth By The Associated Press BRITISH SECOND ARMY HEAD- QUARTERS, May 24. - Heinrich Himmlerarch-executioner for Hit- ler's Third Reich, died last night by biting into a tiny glass vial of poison he had concealed in his mouth. The owlish chief of the German gestapo and of Hitler's SS troops, whose orders condemned hundreds of thousands of conquered civilians and Germans to death, took his own life in the parlor of a house in Luene- berg as a British medical officer searched him. Clad in Socks The man for whom the Allies had conducted an intensive man-hunt since Germany capitulated died clad only in a pair of socks. Civilian clothes had been stripped from him as a medical examiner made an exhaustive check. It was when the physician ordered him to open his mouth and forced back his tongue for a closer look that Himmler decided the end had come. With a quick shake of his head, Himmler dislodged a tiny glass con- tainer which he apparently had kept lodged along his gums since his cap- ture three days before. Crushed Vial He crushed the vial between his teeth and fell to the floor. Fifteen minutes later, at 11:04 p.m. (5:04 p.m. EWT) Germany's No. 1 war criminal was dead. The British Second Army head- quarters disclosed that he had been picked up unrecognized three days before as he and two SS bodyguards attempted to slip across a bridge west of Hamburg. At the time of his arrest, Himmler was disguised with a black patch over his right eye. His mustache was shaved from his thin upper lip. He was in civilian clothes and he carried forged papers purporting to identify him as "Hitzinger". The papers failed to satisfy the guards, who took all three men to the field security police, who in turn passed the trio back to a detention camp. Demanded Interview There Himmler still remained un- recognized, but some time later he demanded ar interview with the camp commander. Summoned before a British officer at 7 p.m. Wednesday, he calmly re- moved the black patch and donned glasses. Thus, with a dramatic touch, he revealed himself as Hitler's terrorist. Hrntley to Lead Hillel Seminar Dr. Frank L. Huntley, Area In- structor in the Civil Affairs Training School, will lead a Fireside Discus- sion on "What Kind of Settlement for Japan?" at 8:30 p.m. EWT (7:30 p.m. CWT) today at the Hillel Foun-I dation. Born and raised in China, Dr. Huntley has taught English both in the United States and in Japan. His lecture will center around these ques- tions: Will the present dynasty, of which Hirohito is a member, be al- lowed to continue to reign? Is dem- ocracy as the western nations have known it possible in Japan? What steps can we take to deprive Japan of future military power? Sabbath eve services will be held at 7:45 p.m. EWT (6:45 p.m. CWT) in the Foundation chapel, and a social hour will follow. Troops InT Superforts B-29's Drop Incendiaries in Greatest Raid Shinagawa Industrial Area Is Devastateda By The Associated Press GUAM, Friday, May 25.-Flames swept the Shinagawa industrial area of Tokyo hours after the biggest Superfortress raid in history-more than 550 planes-showered 9,000,00 K A pounds of incendiary bombs on theK Nipponese capital yesterday. Japanese imperial headquarters. NA HA never prone to give an expansivere- AIR FIELI port on aerial raid damage to the homeland, said that five and one- half hours after the big planes struck the city at 1:30 a.m. (12:30 p.m. Wednesday, U.S. Eastern War Time), j "almost all fires" were extinguished. Kyushu Hit (T Tokyo radio broadcast also an un- confirmed report that around 180 American carrier planes raided Nip- n-agi ponese airfields on the southernmost home island of Kyushu. Domei, Jap- anese news agency, said the attack lasted about two hours and inflicted "relatively light damage." The Superfortress squadrons smash- ed Tokyo under a full moon, dump- ing their loads on a concentrated YANKS area of Japan's precision instrument night at and machine tool industry. Flames Sweep Factories Yonabar Returning fliers said the flames Minor g licked through factories and water-_ front rail yards which handle one- T third of Japan's rail traffic, and the fires were visible 200 miles away. Japanese headquarters reported Th only "some 250" B-29 made the attack and while - omitting mention of damage to industrial plants said an arbor in the Imperial Palace was By hit and "an establishment" inside DETROT the Akasaka palace grounds was de- stroyed. 200,000 pa -- - -year was f by the Wa Truman Seeks r h rying out dc More efficiency industry cc a week ago No Prioriti Asks for Extension of Tied to t Administrative Power was a stip rmust findi WASHINGTON, May 24.- (p)- "free mark President Truman asked today for accorded n continuing authority, subject only to Under th1 an affirmative veto from Congress, ufacturers to make unlimited changes in the ders nowf administrative set-up of government, start after Such legislation is needed, he said, WPB coord to make the executive branch, "more industry i business-like and efficient." Non-War Operations The requested legislation would ex- Fost tend to non-war operations, and into 0 r peacetime years, the re-shuffling M IX power which the chief executive now holds on a wartime basis over gov- ernment offices and affairs havingIn C to do with the war. Mr. Truman, in a message to Con- Sophomo gress asking for the authority, was clash in th very specific that he wanted no strings on it other than the veto. the Classt 1939 Reorganization tomorrowo The veto proposed for Congress Class ri would arise from a provision which friendly v Mr. Truman suggested be incorpor- dormitorie ated direct from the reorganization with the fi act of 1939. Under that legislation on the Sat administrative shifts proposed by rassnento the President went into effect unless activities h both Houses of Congress, by majority in that th vote within 60 days, passed a resolu- to every s tion of disapproval. Countingo The permanent nature of the pow- Sophom er asked by Mr. Truman would be a minute turn major departure from past practice. tide agains The 1939 act was called permanent freshmenl legislation but is provided only for vices fort shifts made effective by January, dozen sopi 1941. It therefore was permanent to represe only insofar as it gave continuing sophs don' legal backing to reorganizations car- get them," ried out by that date. yesterday. President Roosevelt set up such The gar executive offices as the federal secur- scored ona ity agency, the federal works agency, cer game % and the federal loan agency, under tically no that law, and onlya determine1 M s B olA giant Mrs. o age ill scheduled, As' bebacks and Address M' Club more-the s ide Okinawa Leave Tokv o hatan~-. -- - Toguchi " AIRFIELD sa Kuba MACHINATO c iat "Tn MAIRILDFront.One Machinato dAg Nakagusuku BukiBay NA HA j imm YONAARU AIRFIELD KiBAN Suor SHURI C - Loaf Hill Conical YONABARU Hilltarashiku LD - OK Rio __"Chw *"aAnna sush- - Inaso - /WASashiki ; Zawa K - Toyam a. TOMAN - " = "TOMUr- _ z TOMAN - uza :Nakaza usuku f hfp r -)--' -Sea Mabun N ~STATUTE MILES Sixth Division Marines Reinforce Capital; Ablaze D OKINA WA . GAIN ON EASTERN FLANK ON OKINAWA-In aw surprise tack American troops (large arrow) drove through and beyond u on the eastern flank of the Japanese line on Okinawa. ;ins were scored elsewhere (small arrows) by the Americans. luction of Passenger Cars Year Autho rized byWPB The Associated Press{ T, May 24-Production of ssenger automobiles this formally authorized today ir Production Board, car- ecisions reached at WPB- onferences in Washington) es he authorization, however, ulation that the industry its own materials in the et"; that it could not be naterials priority. he authorization car man- are permitted to place or- for materials, delivery to July 1. Henry P. Nelson, inator for the automotive n the reconversion effort, 6, Sophs To Tomorrow lass Games ores and freshmen will he first wartime revival of Games Classic at 2 p.m., on Ferry Field. xalry- in a serious but rin-has flared in men's throughout the week, frosh taking a head start urday fracas to the embar- of the s-ophomores. Their have been aided somewhat .re are some six freshmen iphomore in the dorms. on Turnout ores are counting on a last nout Saturday to turn the st the freshmen. Over 50 have pledged their ser- the affair, while only a homores have volunteered ent their class. "If the 't show up, we'll go out and 'one freshman leader said mes will be mass affairs, a point basis. A giant soc- will lead the events. Prac- gyrations will be barred a free-for-all struggle will the victor. leapfrog relay has been whicD may result in lame dirty faces but nothing most skillful frogs to be said few if any manufacturers would be able to get cars off the assembly lines before October 1. Nelson added that WPB had been advised by Chester Bowles, head of the Office of Price Administration, that rationing of new cars would con- tinue until essential users' needs can be met. Nelson expressed it as his own opinion that rationing could be terminated by next January 1. Will Begin July 1 Nelson said the exact date that each car maker will begin produc- tion after July 1 would depend upon his own individual circumstances with respect to tooling up and the availability of materials and facili- ties. He added that the WPB prob- ably would authorize production of 400,000 cars during the first quarter of 1946 and probably 2,000,000 vehi- cles by the end of the industry's first year of production. Practically every manufacturer, Nelson said, plans to get back into production first with the body types he can get with the least delay. He said there had been no decisions yet respecting retail prices of the new' cars. "I don't think," he said, "that any manufacturer knows yet what his prices should be." IFC Chooses New Officer's Fred Matthaei, '46, and Dogan Ar- thur, '46, Navy V-12 students, were elected president and secretary-trea- surer of the Interfraternity Council at a meeting of campus house presi- dents yesterday evening. Matthaei, of Ann Arbor, is a for- mer president of Delta Kappa Epsi- lon and is majoring in aeronautical engineering. Arthur, mechanical en- gineering student from Jackson, is a member of Psi Upsilon. Japanese Send More Planes Military Communique Admits Some Damage By The Associated Press GUAM, Friday, May 25.-Across bridges thrown over the Asato River under enemy fire, Sixth Division Marines reinforced their forces fight- ing inside the capital city of Naha on the west coast of Okinawa Thursday. Marine patrols fought throughout the day inside the rubble of the city to reduce Japanese strong points. Important Advances On the east coast, Seventh Division infantrymen in the face of stiff re- 'sistance drove further south below captured Yonabaru in what today's fleet communique reported as "im- portant advances." Heavy mud restricted operations elsewhere along the "Little Siegfried Line". Bomb-harassed Japan sent down more planes to relieve the worsening situation of the Nipponese garrison on southern Okinawa. Raiders suc- ceeded in damaging a "light unit" of the American fleet Wednesday night. Jap Planes Attack Thursday numerous groups of Jap- anese planes began attacking Ameri- can forces ashore and afloat on the island of le a mile west of Motbu peninsula on the northwest coast, Acknowledging "some damage to in- stallations," the communique said that at 10:30 p.m. the attacks were continuing. By that time, 15 raiders had been destroyed.. U.S. military government authori- ties are developing facilities on Oki- nawa for the administration of more than 139,000 civilians already under their control. Eighty-two per cent of these are women and children under 17. The majority of adult males were drafted into labor service by the Japanese prior to the U.S. landings April 1. More Raids American escort carrier planes continued Thursday to pound Japa- nese airfields on Sakishima, in the southern Ryukyus. Today's ,communique reported that light naval units, presumably de- stroyers, bombarded Surabachi port and installations on the east coast of Paramushiro in the Kuriles Sun- day. V -E Dance Will Feature Sale Of War Stamps Two dollars-converted into War Stamps will constitute the admis- sion for each couple to the V-E Dance to be held from 9 p. m. to midnight EWT (7 to 11 p. m. CWT) Tuesday in the Union Ballroom. Outstanding novelty will be the "Warsages" - corsages with War Stamps, which will blossom forth over the barettes of Michigan coeds. Bill Layton's Orchestra will be on hand to furnish the music The dance, presented by Alpha Phi Omega, service fraternity, is held to stimulate the campus sale of War Stamps and Bonds. The first week-day party in many months, the V-E Dance is scheduled for the eve of Memorial Day. There will be no classes on that national holiday and late permission will be given the women and Navy students. Among the patrons invited to the dance are: President and Mrs. Alex- ander Ruthven, Mr. and Mrs. Shir- ley Smith, Dean and Mrs. Walter Rae, Dean Joseph Bursley, Dean and Mrs. Erich Walter, Dean Alice Lloyd, Mr. and Mrs. Ira Smith, Dean and Mrs. E. Blythe Stason. WORKED ON DAILY: New Cabinet Member Was University Student in 1915-16 r * Appointed Wednesday to the post of Secretary of Agriculture and war food administrator, Clinton P. An- derson is a former Michigan student, having attended the University in 1915-16. Anderson, a Democratic represen- tative from New Mexico since 1941, entered as a pre-law student after two years at the Dakota Wesleyan College. He was a member of The Daily staff and participated in ora- torical contests and class football games. Ill health prevented his return in the fal of106 -nd e antto lh- SAGA OF A RED FLAG: University Receives Unique Trophy' from Former- Student A trophy won by a Michigan man w.q . dPA o, te Ui.esi. colet all over the world was addressed to fl..nniA nt +Al vnem ln, t 0- P,+shvn A .... ... ....