PAGE TWO TI ~SD Y ~P~Th 26, 1943 Fifty-Fifth Year WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND: ed s Have Reasons for Doubti Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Editorial Stafff Evelyn Phillips Margaret Farmer Ray Dixon . Paul Sislin Hank Mantho Dave Loewenberg Mavis Kennedy Ann Schutz Dick Strickland Martha Schmitt Kay McFee S . .- . Managing Editor . . . . Editorial Director . . . City Editor . . . Associate Editor * . .Sports Editor . . Associate Sports Editor Women's Editor . Associate Women's Editor Business Staff . . Business Manager . . Associate Business Mgr. . . . Associate Business Mgr. Telephone 23-24-1 Member of The Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for re-publication of all news dispatches credited to it or otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights of re- publication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second-class mail matter. Subscriptions during the regular school year by car- rier $454, by mail, $5.25. Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1944-45 NEPESENTED POR NATIONAL ADVERTIING BY National Advertising Service, In. Colege Pbulishers Representative 420 MADISO AVE. NEW YORK. N. Y. CICAGO * BOSTON . Los ANGELES * SAN FRANCISCO NIGHT EDITORS: IVERSON & GOLDMAN E4itorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by menbers of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. Educatiou MANY OF US who are critical of America's system of higher learning and skeptical of the ability of college graduates to cope with the problems of peace might well examine the causes which led to the recent resignation of Dr. Ernest Bernbaum from his position as English professor at the University of Illinois. Dr. Bernbaum, declaring that the University "emphasizes technologicalvocational and ma- terial interests to the detriment of cultural values," retired in protest. He contended that salaries paid liberal arts professors at Illinois do not compare adequaely with those teach- ing vocational and technological subjects. If Prof. Bernbaum's charges are valid, they may indicate that Illinois would have the college student thoroughly trained in the practical business of earning a living, minimizing his duty, as a member of society, to understand and criticize his environment. But education is primarily a means of insuik ing progress. The well-educated man, who is thoroughly grounded in the principles of social relationships, is supposed to construct from these principles a sound, well-balanced, orderly world. Education to earn a high income should not be the sole aim. A denunciation of education, then, should be aimed at its failuye to bridge the gap between these diverging views and to assert, more defi- nitely, its aim of progress. What we need in higher learning is not better preparation to earn a living, but preparation to mold the future. The emphasis in education, Dr. Bernbaum believes, should be placed in the study of liberal arts, making the student aware of his place in the realm of ideas and goals of humanity. Greater efficiency in all professions, a genu- ine interest on the part of all practitioners would follow. From this new educational set-up would emerge men worthy of respect in the community. With a shift in educa- tional emphasis would come a change in the attitude of society toward the product of the college. --Carol Zack Army Schools JHREE POSSIBLE orders await our Yanks on V-E Day. There is only one, of course, that the boys really want to receive-the as- signment home. But not everyone Will be that fortunate. Many will be sent to the Pacific immediately, or perhaps after a short leave in the States. Others will remain as an army of occupation in Germany. Yanks are a restless bunch at any time,' and they'll be especially restless with the prospect of going home dangling before their eyes. So the Army has planned an educa- tion program, under the supervision of Maj. General Frederich H. Osborn, which will give every soldier a chance to continue his educa- tion abroad. Four types of schools have been organized: Unit schools offering courses from art to zoology operating within Army units and having pre- trained instructors recruited from the unit; By DIEW PEARSON AN FRANCISCO-Last fall it leaked out that there was a drastic difference of opinion be- tween the State Department and the Treasury over a soft peace for Germany, and after several weeks of discussion, President Roosevelt defi- nitely threw his weight with the treasury in favor of a hard peace. Top War Department officials, influenced by the atrocities committed against American and Allied prisoners, finally agreed with the Presi- dent, and even the State Department reluctantly swung into line. For a long time it has been no secret that a group inside the State Department favored a soft peace for Germany wih a view to making her a bulwark against Russia after the war. But as long as Roosevelt was in the White House, the State Department appeasers kept quiet. However, on the day after his body was buried, a meeting of the German reparations committee was held in the office of Assistant Secretary Will Clayton at which both the State and War Departments suddenly reversed Roosevelt's policy of a hard peace. Specifically, they argued against the removal of Nazi factories, machine tools, plant equip- ment or goods out of Germany. The Russians have proposed the removal of German war plants to help build up the hundreds of Rus- sian factories destroyed by Germany. But the State and War Departments maintained that no such German equipment could be removed from Germany without the unanimous consent of the reparations commission. Naturally this means that either the United States or Great Britain could block such removal since both sit on the commission. At this meeting, Assistant Secretary of State Clayton argued that American policy should favor leaving factory equipment and machinery in Germany so she can get back on a sound economic basis. He even mentioned the fact that Germany would need to import cotton to manufacture clothes and should be permitted to have enough exports to pay for the imported cotton. (Clayton is the biggest cotton exporter in the world and did a heavy business with the Nazis before the war.) Russians Remember.. . UNFORTUNATELY the Russians are all too familiar with the attitude of the State and War Departments toward them. Unfortunately, also, some observers believe this distrust of the U. S. State Department is one reason why the Russians demand a strong, all-Communist Pol- and. However, no matter how efficient the peace machinery devised at San Francisco, it will not work if the two strongest powers supposed to keep the peace already have begun jockeying against each other. The Russians cannot forget among other things the strategy of the Cliveden set in. England (with which Churchill was once sympathetic) to stir up war between Germany and Russia while England sat on the sidelines. The Russians also know all too well the type of anti-Russian conversation that goes on at the home of Mrs. Eva lyn Walsh (Hope Dia- mond) McLean,, when she entertains the eliteof Washington society at her famous dinners at what is sometimes called the head- quarters of the American Chiveden set. The Russians knew in advance, for instance, that the Douglas Aircraft Company had sold the plans for its DC-4 to Japan for $1,000,000 be- fore Pearl Harbor. American Industry Wants In..,. ALREADY, the State Department is being bom- barded by American industrialists who own- ed factories in Germany before the war and want to get back to start operating them. Among the leading pressure boys is Graeme Howard, vice-president of General Motors in charge of operations in Europe (and Germany). Howard helped organize Franco's truck transport service during the Spanish Civil War, has a personal interest in the open auto works in Germany, and has been busy as a hound dog around the State Department wanting to get back to Ger- many. Another factor making the Russians suspi- cious is the British demand that food which the Russian Army funds in Germany be used to O N SE C ON D 4 TH OU G HT... 4 MONDAY will be Fielding H. Yost day accord- ing to a state Senate concurrent resolu- tion that has just been adopted. You merit such attention, Coach, because you have a yost of friends. * * * A tailor in town was discussing the chilly April weather we've .been having lately. He sadly observed that he didn't expect any im- provement until after May Festival-tradition- ally a bad-weather time of year. The battle for Berlin is reported to be raging in the city's subways. An analogy might be New York in the five p. m. rush, sans guns. Sans Francisco is now theF seat of a con- ference being held to assure that New York's subways are always sans guns. feed the German people rather than to feed starving Poles and Russian slave laborers. Short- ly before he left London, both Foreign Mini- ster Eden and Sir James Grigg, British War Minister, took the position, in secret talks with U. S. officials, that food found in Ger- many must be used to feed the Germans, not Polish and Russian civilians. The British ar- gument is that if German food is diverted to the Poles and Russians, the Allies will have to import more to the Germans. Suspect 0SS ..-. fINALLY, the Russians are probably most uspicious of the mysterious U. S. espionage or- ganization called OSS. The OSS, or Office of Strategic Services, has, strangely, distributed some of the most powerful bahkers' represent- atives in the U. S. A. at key points where they can influence U. S. policy in occupied Ger- many. (Copyright, 1945, Bell Syndicate, Inc.) 'D RATHER 13E RIGHT: San Francisco D B y S A M U E L GRA F T O N N OTES ON SAN FRANCISCO: 1. We Ameri- cans vibrate between two poles on the ques- tion of the Conference. We are alternately con- vinced that the Conference ought to try to solve every problem in the world, and also that any one problem can wreck it. We think it ought to handle every outstanding issue, but we are in despair when even one issue arises. On Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays we feel that we have no problems; and on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays we feel that we have no problems; and on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays we feel that we have no solutions. We must stop being quite so desolated when an issue arises, such as the seating of a Polish delegation; this is a conference, after all, and not a World's Fair. If there were no problems, there would be no need for a conference, and the whole mat- ter could be handled by radio, an interesting modern invention. 2.There are special difficulties in the way of holding a more-or-less public conference, which do not exist in the case of a secret conference. This conference is being elaborately covered by press and radio; hundreds of skilled and honest craftsmen in both fields are in San Francisco. There is a duty on these hundreds of workers to write and talk, each day, about the most important development of that day. The result, however, is that a kind of innocent total distortion may take place. So many arti- ulate persons, writing about one point, may make it seem that the Conference is tied in a knot on that one point, by sheer weight and bulk of matter. Over the last week-end, it certainly looked as if the whole Conference was hung up on the question of seating Poland, and it wasn't. It is nobody's fault, but the effect is like the one we sometimes get on a Saturday after- noon in November, that all of America is playing football. THE CONFERENCE is being held before the end of the war. That fact makes it a weapon of the war. The meeting will be watched by the Germans and the Japanese; a success- ful conference will help to break their resist- ance, overt or covert. They will see the postwar world taking shape, with themselves out of it; the enormity of their isolation will grow on them. The Conference cannot be divorced from the war. That fact compels us to follow the news from the Conference with a certain steadi- ness, and not to be loud in our dismay over any temporary setback, any more than we would scream and chew the carpet if one of our divi- sions in the field were temporarily thrown back. The enemy will be interested to see just how nervous we are. 4. The Conference will not be a static exhi- bition; it will be a process. It will change, in mood and amosphere, as the men and nations in it get to know each other. It will be a different conference in a fortnight, and differ- ent again in a month. There will be the usual premium on disagreement at the begin- ning, and the usual premium on agreement toward the end, as the thing begins to take shape, and it begins to seem advisable to get on board.