Aff 41P AI. WEATHER Cloudy and Continued. Cold with Rain VOL. LV, No. 131 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN THURSDAY, APRIL 26, 1945 PRICE FIVE CENTS IJ.s. Third Nears Austro-German Border TEXT OF TRUMAN ADDRESS: * * * * * * * * * * President Speaks To Peace Meeting By The Associated Press WASHINGTON, April 25-Text of President Truman's speech to dele- gates at the United Nations Conference at San Francisco: The world has experienced a revival of an old faith in the ever- lasting moral force of justice. At no time in history has there been a more important conference, nor a more necessary meeting, than this one in San Francisco, which you are opening today. On behalf of the American people, I extend to you a most hearty welcome. President Roosevelt appointed an able delegation to represent the United States. I have complete confidence in its chairman, Secretary of State Stettinius, and in his distinguished colleagues, former secre- tary Cordell Hull, Senator Connally, Senator Vandenberg, Represent- ative Bloom and Representative Eaton, Governor Stassen and Dean Gildersleeve. They have my confidence. They have my support. In the name of a great humanitarian-one who surely is with us today in spirit-I earnestly appeal to each and every one of you to rise above personal interests, and adhere to those lofty principles, which benefit all mankind. Franklin D. Roosevelt gave his life while trying to perpetuate these :high ideals. This conference owes its existence, in a large part, to the vision and foresight and determination of Franklin Roosevelt. Each of you can remember other courageous champions, who also made the supreme sacrifice, serving under your flag. They gave their lives, so that others might live in security. They died to insure justice. We must work and live to guarantee justice-for all. You members of this conference are to be the architects of the better world. In your hands rests our future. By your labors at this conference we shall know if suffering humanity is to achieve a just and lasting peace. Let us labor to achieve a peace which is really worthy of their great sacrifice. We must make certain, by your work here, that another war will be impossible. We, who have lived through the torture and the tragedy of two world coiflicts, must realize the magnitude of the problem before us. We do not need far-sighted vision to understand the trend in recent history. Its significance is all too clear. With ever increasing brutality and destruction, modern warfare, if unchecked, would ultimately crush all civilization. We still have a choice between.the atern tives: the continuation of international chaos-or the establishment of a world organization for the enforcement of peace. It is not the purpose of this conference to draft a treaty of peace in the old sense of that term. It is not our assignment to settle specific questions of territories, boundaries, citizenship and reparations. This conference will devote its energies and its labor exclusively to the single problem of setting up the essential organization to keep the peace. You are to write the fundamental charter. Our sole objective, at this decisive gathering, is to create the structure. We must provide the machinery, which will make future peace, not only possible, but certain. The construction of this delicate machine is far more complicated than drawing boundary lines on a map, or estimating fair repara- tions, or placing reasonable limits upon armaments. Your task must be completed first. We represent the overwhelming majority of all mankind. We speak for people, who have endured the most savage and devastating war ever inflicted upon innocent men, women and children. We hold a powerful mandate frongour people. They believe we will fulfill this obligation. We must prevent, if human mind, heart and hope can prevent it, the repetition of the disaster from which the entire world will suffer for years to come. If we should pay merely lip service to inspiring ideals, and later do violence to simple justice, we should draw down upon us the bitter wrath of generations yet unborn. We must not continue to sacrifice the flower of our youth merely to check madmen, those who in every age plan world domination. The sacri- fices of our youth today must lead, through your efforts, to the building for tomorrow of a mighty combination of nations founded upon justice for peace. Justice remains the greatest power on earth. To that tremendous power alone, will we submit. Nine days ago, I told the Congress of the United States, and I i now repeat it to you: "Nothing is more essential to the future peace of the world, than continued cooperation of the nations, which had to muster the force necessary to defeat the conspiracy of the Axis powers to dlOflinat the world. "While these great states have a special responsibility to enforce the peace, their responsibility is based upon the obligations resting upon all states, large and small, not to use force in international relations, except in the defense of law. The responsibility of the great states is to serve, and not dominate the peoples of the world." None of us doubt that with divine guidance, friendly cooperation, and hard work, we shall find an adequate answer to the problem history has put .before us. Realizing the scope of our task and the imperative need for success, we proceed with humility and determination. By harmonious cooperation, the United Nations repelled the onslaught of the greatest aggregation of military force that was ever assembled in the long history of aggression. Every nation now fighting for freedom is giving according to its ability and opportunity. We fully realize today that victory in war requires a mighty united effort. Certainly, victory in peace calls for, and must receive, an equal effort. Man has learned long ago, that it is impossible to live unto himself. This same basic principle applies today to nations. We Were not isolated during. the war. We dare not become isolated in peace. All will concede that in order to have good neighbors we must also be good neighbors; That applies in every field of human endeavor. For lasting security, men of good will must unite and organize. More- over, if our friendly policies should ever be considered by belligerent lead- ers, as merely evidence of weakness the organization we establish must be Truman Opens San Francisco Conference Delegates Are Dedicated to Task of Peace Confidence, Hope Voiced at Meeting Last Route to German Redoubt Is Cut by Allies French First Army Smashes Nazi 19th in Black Forest; Patton Nearing Hitler's Retreat By The Associated Press PARIS, Thursday, April 26-U. S. Third Army tanks punched within 15 miles of the German-Austrian border last night as other American *and French forces raced almost unchecked across southern Germany, threatening Munich and Hitler's Berchesgaden retreat, which the RAF attacked yesterday with 12,000-pound "earthquake" bombs. The Third Army spearhead, already east of Berlin although 250 miles to the south, cut the last direct route to the Nazis' so-called national redoubt by mopping up the rail and highwa 0 l By The Associated Press SAN FRANCISCO, April 25.~- President Truman opened a confer- ence of statesmen of 46 United Na- tions today and solemnly dedicated them to the task of forging a perma- nent peace, to becoming "the archi- tects of a better world". In a single, succinct sentence the President brought sharply into focus the challenging opportunity con- fronting them: 'Still Have Choice' "We still have a choice between the continuation of international chaos-or the establishment of a world organization for the enforce- ment of peace." Into an impressive stone building, whose flag flew at half staff in honor of the late President Roosevelt, the voice of his successor was brought from Washington to launch one of history's great international meet- ings. Other voices were raised in ex- pressions of confidence and hope- the hope of a world scourged for years by bursting steel-that dele- gates from many lands will weld their polyglot tongues into one migh- ty voice for enduring tranquility among nations. The delegates themselves in San Francisco's War Memorial Opera House appeared grimly determined to succeed. Prospects Seem Bright Prospects for success seemed bright' -save for serious Anglo-American differences with Russia over a new Polish government and giving it representation here in United Na- tions councils. I'he delegates listened, too, to a brief address by Secretary of State Stettinius, their temporary chair - man, and welcoming words from Governor Earl Warren of Califor- nia and Mayor Roger Lapham of San Francisco. "No one of the large nations, no one of the small nations," Stettinius said. "can afford anything less ,than success in this endeavor. Each of them knows too well what the con- sequence of failure would be." More Power Sought But in pre-conference consulta- tions, smaller nations had continued up to the opening hour to jockey for positions of greater prominence, and the Big Three failed to break their deadlock on creating a Polish gov- ernment acceptable to all. Russia's outlook improved on an- other point. If the Soviets press the issue, they apparently can tally three votes for themselves in a proposed general assembly of a world organi- zation. Some Latin American nations were reported lining up with the Rus- sians; the British Commonwealth of Nations already had done so. It isn't that they would like to see Russia get two extra votes. But they would prefer that to any breakdown of the conference. The American delegation remain-. ed hopeful Russia wouldn't raise the three-vote question. STETTINIUS WELCOMED TO .SAN FRANCISCO-San Francisco's mayor Roger Lanham (left), greets Secretary of State Edward Stettinius upon his arrival by plane in San Francisco for the United Nations Security Conference. 'TAKE IT FROM THERE': jntor Women Hionor Seniors During Traditional Ceremony Honoring all senior women, the first performance of Junior Girls play, "Take It from There", will be given, at,7:30 p.m. EWT (6':30 p.m. CWT) today in the Lydia Mendels- sohn Theater in the League. Senior Night, which has grown to be a traditional ceremony, will be attended exclusively by junior and senior women. Public performances will be held at 7:30 p.m. EWT (6:30 p.m. CWT) tomorrow and at 8:30 p.m. EWT (7:30 p.m. CWT) Satur- day in the theater. Tickets for these performances, which are fifty cents tax included, are now on sale at the theater box office in the League. Seniors Entertain Robed in their black caps and gowns, seniors will occupy the entire first floor of the theater. Preceding the play, informal entertainment will Burton Hearing Is Scheduled Probate court hearing for Ralph Burton, 11, who last week admitted shooting his brother Ray, 14, will be held tomorrow, it has been an- nounced. The younger Burton admitted that he shot his brother last Tuesday fol- lowing a quarrel concerning a record player. Ray, admitted to University Hos- pital almost 24 hours before the case was reported to the police, suffered numerous wounds but is expected to live 'U' Hospital officials have taken steps to eliminate staff negligence in reporting such cases. County Prosecutor John W. Rae said yesterday he would recommend that the 11-year-old youth be sent to the Michigan Children's Institute for nine months. be presented by the seniors. Led by Jean Gilman, president of Women's Glee Club, the singing of songs from last year's JG play will begin the program. Following this, seniors will par- ticipate in the Wishing Well cere- mony. Any senior who isn't engaged, married or pinned must drop as many pennies as she is old into the well before she can make a wish. Married seniors must blow out can- dles; engaged ones suck lemons; and those pinned will receive tiny strai- ght pins. 225 Juniors Contribute Talents Tomorrow's performance will be- gin promptly so that those who have tickets to Panhel-Assembly Ball may be able to attend both affairs. Ac- cording to Frances Goldberg, chair- man of the play, coeds and their dates are invited to attend the play wearing formals. Central Committee The central committee which has directed the progress of the play is as follows: Miss Goldberg, chair- man; Peggy Kohr, assistant chair- man; Mary Bartley, secretary-treas- urer; Carol McCormick, director; Wanda Mathias, assistant director; Jean Harvey, bookholder; Claire Ma- caulay, call girl; Marian Johnson and Marcia Wellman, script; Evelyn Horelick, music; Carolyn Brown, lyr- ics; Ann Crossle yand Masaka Ono, chorus; Tady Martz, orchestra; Jayne Gourley, dancing; Jo Ann Brundidge, stage force; Lois Bassett and Mary Holtman, technicians; Nancy Tressel, secretary; Dona Gui- maraes and Joan Portz, costumes; Cam Fisher and Joyce Siegan, make- up; Teddy Campbell and Carol Watt, properties; Jean Gaffney, tickets; Helen Alpert, publicity; Carol Evans, programs; and Janet Rubin, ushers. The cast includes Pat Barrett, Ju- See JGP, Page 4 center of Regen and then drove straight for the frontier of Austria at Passau. This column was 76 miles north of Berchtesgaden. Seventh Breaks Through To the west the American Seventh Army broke through German posi- dons and fanned out on an 80 mile front along or across the Danube River within 45 miles of Munich and the French First Army completely rmashed Germany's veteran 19th Army in the Black Forest. The Allied armies-estimated at nearly 400,000 men and thousands of tanks-were charging into the Al- pine foothills along a 200-mile front in a determined effort to crush any last-ditch Nazi stand in the southern redoubt before it could get well start- ed. Patch Nears Munich Leading the rapid surge of Allied forces today was the 11th Armored Division of Gen. George S. Patton' Third Army, which stabbed 15 mile southeast beyond captured Regen to a point only 18 miles from the Aus- trian border and 79 miles due north of Berchtesgaden. Closest to Munich was the 12th Armored Division of Lt. Gen. Alex- ander N. Patch's Seventh Army. Hitler's Chalet Obliterated by RAF Laneasters By The Associated Press LONDON, Thursday, April 26.- Adolf Hitler's chalet near Berchtes- gaden was obliterated and the ad- joining weird "Eagle's Nest" fortress was damaged yesterday by more than 350 RA'F heavy Lancasters which raided the mountain retreat for the first time in an apparent attempt on the Fuehrer's life. The big barracks of Hitler's body- guard, munitions stores, and the whole fabulous establishment from which the Nazi overlord once ruled German Europe were smashed by the six-ton British bombs while Ameri- can Eighth and Ninth Air Force planes by the hundreds ravaged se- lected targets throughout the Berch- tesgaden area. Simultaneously the Eighth Air Force hurled more than 300 Flying Fortresses at the Skoda munitons works at Pilsen, Czechoslovakia, ad- vertising the devastating attack in advance with a radio warning to slave laborers to flee from that last great Nazi war plant. Ml/ockPeace Council To lie Held Saturday Michigan students who will repre- sent Allied Nations in the Post-War Council mock United Nations Con- ference Saturday afternoon and eve- ning in the ABC Room of the League, were announced yesterday by Eliza- Hawley, president of the council. Delegates on the the panel en- titled "Feeling with Our Fallen Foes", at 3 p.m. EWT (2 p.m. CWT) are the following: Netherlands, Frances Vander Mey; UnitedrStates, Harry Daum; Russia, Rose Lessin; Czechoslovakia, Joseph Otrhalek and Great Britain,. Marie Martell. Students on the panel, "Erecting the Bulwark of Peace", at 8 p.m. EWT (7 p.m. CWT) are: India, Arun Doomed Berlin Is Surrounded By Red Armies Amuerican Forces Are Only 17 Miles Away By The Associated Press LONDON, Thursday, April 26-Two mighty Russian armies completely en- circled half-conquered and doomed Berlin yesterday and southwest of the crumbling German capital swarmed across the Elbe River on a 24mile front, slashing westward toward an imminent link-up with American for- ces 17 miles away. - As Marshal Stalin announced the encirclement of Berlin in a historic order of the day, the German radio admitted that Russian storm troops had smashed through jungles of twisted steel and stone to the blazing heart of the wrecked Nazi capital. Moscow's nightly war bulletin dis- closed that Marshal Ivan S. Konev's First Ukrainian Army had crossed the Elbe River between Torgau and Riesa northwest of Dresden. Reds Near Bruenn The Soviet High Command also an- nounced that Russian troops far to the south were fighting on the out- skirts of the great Czechoslovak war arsenal city of Bruenn (Brno), one of Hitler's last remaining war produc- tion centers. Perhaps 500,000 German troops were trapped in the encirclement of Berlin and the Hamburg radio ad- mitted that these forces rapidly were being overwhelmed in a fantastic, in- credible battle that raged with in- creasing fury above and below ground. The Bermans previously had reported that Hitler and his Propa- ganda Minister, Paul Joseph Goeb- bels, were in Berlin directing its de- fense. The Hamburg broadcast said that Red Army Forces which reached Ber- lin's center in an unidentified sector had been "halted by German counter- thrusts" as deafening battles roared back and forth in Berlin's subways and sewers. On the surface Russian armor beat toward Unter Den Linden, heart of Hitler's dying Third Reich. German Casualties Announced The Moscow radio meanwhile an- nounced that nearly 2,000,000 Ger- man troops had been killed or cap- tured on the Eastern Front since Jan- uary 1, raising to more than 11,000,- 000 the vast toll of German casual- ties exacted 'by the Red Army in nearly four years of war With Berlin already more than half mn Russian hands, the capital was encircled in swift drives around its western outskirts by Marshal Greg- ory K. Zhukov's First White Russian Army and the First Ukrainian Army of Marshal Ivan S. Konev. The dramatic encirclement appar- ently ended all possibility of further German reinforcements reaching the trapped Berlin garrison. Honor Students To Hear Lowry Dr. Howard F. Lowry, president of the College of Wooster in Wooster, O., will deliver the annual address of the Michigan Alpha chapter of Phi Beta Kappa at 8 p.m. EWT (7 p.m. CWT) today in Rackham Am- phitheater. t ARMY UNIT COMMANDANT: Lt. Gol. ilt*,ler Promnoted to Colonel Promotion of Lt.-Col. Reginald R. Miller, commandant of all Army units in Ann Arbor and head of the Judge Advocate General's School, to the rank of colonel was announced yesterday by the War Department. Col. Miller first served as director of military affairs for the JAG school beginning in February, 1943, and as assistant commandant for several months last year. He became Phi Gamma Delta social fraternity, Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity and the Order of Coif, legal honorary. His senior law partner in Pmaha, Stanley Rosewarter, was a graduate of the University of Michigan law school in the class of 1908. Infantry Reserve Officers A former Infantry Reserve offi- cer, Col. Miller was graduated from the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kans., and commissioned in the regular