THE MICHIGA DAUY

SATURDA. APRIL 14. 1945

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FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT:
Three Presidencies Discussed

Letters to the Editor

EDITOR'S NOTE: This is a reprint of the major
portion of an address given by Prof. Theodore New-
comb to his Sociology 62 class yesterday morning.
CANNOT GIVE you just another lecture on
social psychology this morning. I find my-
self too much moved by yesterday's tragic an-
nouncement from the White House. I believe
that today I can be a better teacher by shar-
ing with you some of my thoughts about Frank-
lin Delano Roosevelt than by routinely following
the course as outlined. . .1
President Roosevelt-I still find it almost im-
possible not to refer to him so-meant two
things, two terribly important things, to the
majority of Americans. These two meanings
corresponded to the two critical periods of
his career as President. A third meaning, cor-
responding to a third critical period, was be-
ginning to emerge when he was struck down.
Most of you will not remember the dark
days of 1932 and early 1933. Nearly one-third
of our normal quota of people who worked for
a living had had that living cut off. Not all
of these were husbands and fathers, but large
numbers of them were. Month after weary
month dragged on, but still there was no pay-
check to be brought home. Some saw their
children in actual hunger. Others saw their
wives and even their children leaving home to
work and bring small wages back, while they
themselves had nothing to contribute. To lose
their self-respect was almost worse than to
see their children hungry. . .
When Mr. Roosevelt entered the White House
on March 4, 1933, millions of Americans had
been living for days or weeks literally without
money; the banks had closed, . -
O NTO SUCH A STAGE, before such an audi-
ence, stepped Mr. Roosevelt as President.
Some of you here will still remember the thrill
with which that day you heard him promise to
drive the money-changers from the temple. In
the mouths of some politicians this would have
been sheer demagoguery. From President Roose-
velt it meant not only that he correctly felt
the pulse of the American people; it meant also
that one of his earliest acts was to propose what
is now the Securities and Exchange Commission,
and that, once enacted into law, it was to be
aggressively enforced. .
Franklin D. Roosevelt was really three presi-
dents, not one. His second presidency began,
not with his second or his third inauguration,
but during his second term, when he began
to foresee the significance of the teaming up of
Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany. The
lessons of their collaboration against the Span-
ish republic were not lost to him, though he felt
unable to support that republic as he would
have like to do.
During what I have called his first presi-
dency he was, in a sense, following what he
felt to be a popular demand-i.e., for an
administration that represented average
people. But during his second presidency he
saw the need to strike out ahead of most of
the people. Once, a full two years before the
European War broke out, he tried to warn us.
But his "quarantine the aggressors" speech of
October, 1937, was badly received. We were
not ready, then, to follow. Not till nearly
five years later, after Pearl Harbor, did many
Americans understand and then, remember-
iig, see how clearly he had looked ahead.
During much of this intervening period his
policies were only darkly understood. Only
gradually did he come to mean to us that
for which we now honor him. He was not only
one who stood for our way of life; he also
looked ahead and saw the necessity of pre-
paring to defend that way of life.
In retrospect we see it all: shipment of sup-
plies and the trading of destroyers to Britain
after Dunkirk, the arming of our transport ves-
sels, bases in Iceland, compulsory military train-
ing,. the. Atlantic Charter-and above all, Lend-
Lease, that sheer stroke of genius by which the
Gordian knot of financial entanglement was cut
at one stroke. All these, step by step, served tv(!
necessary purposes. They helped Britain to
hold out-as much by the way of encourage-
ment as by way of actual supplies-and each
step helped to prepare us, the American people,
for the next necessary step. Each of these
moves met stiff opposition; we did not see ahead
as clearly as he did.
All of these things were done while we were

still at peace. But when Pearl Harbor came-
only four months after the Atlantic Charter-
we did not have to start from scratch.
WE IN THIS COUNTRY have a commendable
tradition concerning political campaigns.
They may be bitter while they last, but once
the returns are in the bitterness is forgotten.
I think, however, that in the campaign of 1944
one note was struck that must have left a per-
manent ache in the President's heart. The
charge was made that he, with all his sources
of information, had not foreseen the coming
struggle-or else that, though foreseeing it, he
had made only partial preparation. This must
have been hard for him to bear. For it was he
who-against the strong tide of those who later
made this charge-had seen the need, but had
also seen the necessity of taking only such
short steps, one at a time, as would permit his
fellow countrymen to follow.
All this we now can see. This is the second
thing that Franklin Roosevelt has come to
mean to us.
His third presidency was tragically cut

short. It had begun not more than two
years back, when it had come to be quite
clear that military victory would be ours.
How could the people implement and keep the
peace? How could he use his place of trust
to work for that to hear the people see the
need to work for it? He had begun the work.
He had begun to mean that to us. That will,
I think, increasingly be what he means-
that peace depends upon us all, upon continued
and joint work. . .
No.man can be coolly evaluated on the morrow
of his death. But I hope it may prove true that,
as Abraham Lincoln was called the Great Eman-
cipator, so Franklin Roosevelt may come to be
known as the Great Unifier. He first unified
the common people about their faith in a gov-
ernment representative of themselves. He later
served to unify us all about the faith that such
a government, under farsighted leadership,
could unite us in the common enterprise of
defense. He had begun to unify us in the
joint task of building peace. I think it is not
too much to hope that the memory and the
still remaining warmth of such leadership will
keep us united in the trying days to come.
I know of no profounder social psychological
truth. than that expressed by St. Paul: "Ye are
members one of another." I know of no more
dependable incentive to creative effort than
the realization of such interdependence by
a group of people who undertake a common
enterprise. And I know of no condition so
indispensable to such common effort as a
people's understanding of what a great leader
means to them. These truths I find embodied
in what Franklin Delano Roosevelt has come
to mean to us.
-Prof. Theodore Newcomb
I'D RATHER BE RIGHT:
Nazi Gold Hoard
By SAMUEL GRAFTON
OUR SOLDIERS recently found a large store
of gold in a German salt mine. Some of our
isolationists are hollering that we ought to keep
it. Quite a little campaign is being worked up,
for this is precisely the sort of issue which
isolationists adore. It is simple; it can be grasp-
ed by the meanest intelligence; and it stirs up
those busy little nerve-ends which have to do
with getting one's hands on some gold and keep-
ing it. It is a duck of an Issue, a perfect doll-
baby of controversy.
One can see the isolationists preparing to
shout that we was robbed, should the merits
of the case turn to be against our claim. They
have looked upon the agony of the world, and
this is the trumpery symbol they have found
for what is at stake, a pot of gold. This is
really shucking the war down to fundamentals,
and making of it a greasy melodrama of who
gets the money.
* * * *
Well, so much for the loaded salt-mine. What
makes it interesting is that anothex version of
the very same game is being played out in the
Senate.
Senators Vandenberg and Taft spent a happy
afternoon Monday, raising the question of how
much money the United States expects to con-
tribute to the postwar welfare of the world.
They want a round figure. Mr. Vandenberg
demands that the administration add up all it
proposes to spend via Bretton Woods, for relief,
for aid to the Philippines, etc., and he wants it
to present the grand -total to Congress. He
wants one number to play with, no matter what
it comes to, $10,000,000,000 or $15,000,000,000, or
whatever.
Of course, the moment this round number is
obtained, it, too, will become a symbol, like the
pot of gold. We will argue about whether the
figure is too big, or not, forgetting what its
component elements mean, in terms of human
relief, and the financing of our own foreign
trade. It will be a figure to bat around, and
many a Congressman can hardly wait until the
administration hands him that figure, so that
'he can hand it right back.
It must not be supposed that I am lacking .
in respect for money. I respect it so much that
it seems to me absurd to try to make up for the
cost of a $300,000,000,000 war, by starting the

squabbles outlined above. We can get the salt-
mine pot of gold, and we can also cut our postwar
world expenditures to zero, and we will still show
a huge loss. The only way we can show a gain
for our money is to get a better world out of the
war, 'one with which we have a dynamic rela-
tionship, one which we help to its feet so that
it can help us, miiltarily and in trade. It is only
if you view the rest of the world as a kind of
liability, that these symbols, the buried gold of
Germany, and the amount of our reconstruction
expenditures, balloon up to significant propor-
tions.
Mr. Vandenberg even went so far as to
warn us against becoming "almoners to the
world." The isolationist press, whether he
likes it or not, will thank him for the phrase.
It will us it to draw a picture of an America
which must fear and distrust the rest of the
world. To those who hold such a view, the
war, naturally, made little sense until we
found something shiny at the bottom of a
pit in Germany.
(Copyright, 1945, New York Post Syndicate)

Unfinished Work.
TO THE EDITOR:
This letter is written by a commo
American citizen whose heart is heav
and full, this night of Franklin De
lano Roosevelt's death. Words ar
pitiful tools in this moment butI
have admired and trusted and de
pended, indeed, loved the Presiden
and I am moved to use words t
help build a memorial to him.
I was a high school student in
1932 when I first saw his friendly
smile in the newspapers and first
heard his hearty and sincere voice
over the radio. I was too young to
appreciate, in crisis, the signifi-
cance to the nation of the strength
and confidence reflected by that
face and voice, but his appeal
to my boyish tastes, supplemented
with the saga of his courageous
physical battle, made him My Pres-
ident.
In all the past thirteen years I have
never lost that youthful admiration
It has not been a blind devotion. He
had great hopes and I hoped whole-
heartedly with him. I saw some o0
the mistakes that he made and I
suffered with him. And I say proud-
ly, that his triumphs were my tri-
umphs. It seemed perfectly natura
to take upon myself the hopes, the
suffering and -the triumphs, for after
all, were they not occasioned by. my
problems and was he not facing them
for and with me-"the forgotten
man"?
Tonight the loss is felt but vague-
ly, for the shock has been too heavy
and too quick . Only in the tomor-
rows to come will we fully realize the
real worth of that departed leader.
Americans, listen: God takes
great men and small after a few
years of this life. Take courage
from the undeniable fact that he
allows their works to remain after
i them, often unfinished, it would
seem, by plan. Add depth to your
characters as men and as a nation
by completing the president's un-
finished work. Let us charge our-
selves never to lay those plans
down as completed until they have
been fully judged and measured by
our individual consciences.
Roosevelt, when that has been done,
you will have received the finest
memorial Americans can build to
you.
-John Jadwin
* %* *
Reaction To News.
TO THE EDITOR:
The smug, self-righteous article
called Ann Arbor's Reaction to the
News by Bernard Rosenberg and Bob
Goldman is a piece of writing to
which I, for one, would not care to
have signed my name.
"Like Diogenes, but minus the lan-
tern, we were searching for a wise
man, a thinking man." I don't think
that with the electricity of the entire
state of Michigan, Rosenberg and
Goldman would or could have found
two wiser, more thinking men than
Rosenberg and Goldman.
With the preconceived object in
mind of exposing the indifference of
the Ann Arbor public to world events,
these two erudite college students
looked far and wide for situations
which they could interpret to fit their
objective. The, people who went to
the bowling alleys, the beer gardens,
the movies, the pool rooms, the per-
formance of Uncle Harry on the
history-making night of April 12,
1945, were, in the eyes of the 'only
two intelligent residents of Ann Ar-
bor, hardened criminals who regard-
ed the death of the President as an
unfortunate but meaningless occur-
rence, perhaps even to be celebrated
at the various recreation centers.
Maybe I was angered by the arti-
cle in question because I, too, was
one of those criminals who attend-
ed Uncle Harry. As a matter of

fact, I saw Mr. Rosenberg there
smoking a cigarette in the inter-
mission, but it never occurred to
my dull mind that he was making a
scientific study of my "chit-chat,
peals of laughter, small talk, and
general don't-give-a-damn atti-
tude." If I had known that my
emotions were being taken stock of
like a rat in a psychological labora-
tory, I most certainly would have
taken care to sneak out by the
back entrance and go home to
brood about my lack of humanity.
As it was, I enjoyed the play and
was provided with the proper Ari-
stotelian catharsis which Mr. Ros-
enberg mentioned in one of his
former theatre reviews. (You see,
I am a great fan of Mr. Rosen-
berg's) - .
Now, having read this article, I
know that my existence is useless,
and that if I continue to go on liv-
ing, thinking, and acting as the rest
of the American people, if I continue
By Crockett Johnson
©rarscKE

to be a symbol of the Roosevelt who
was a symbol of me, the future of
America is doomed.
No, Mr. Rosenberg and Mr. Gold-
man, you are not wet blankets. I
haven't even bothered to ask any-
e one if you are. You are only two
I intellectuals who are going to tell
everyone how to think and act and
t feel. I don't know what I'd do
o without you.
-Shirley Robin
* +
'We Mntsi Follow,
T0THE EDITOR:
. . . We are bewildered now. But,
if we should follow in the path we
trod, we will pick up the job where
he left off and go on to even greater
glory. He has shown the way and we
must follow.
In appreciation of what he has
fought for, worked for and prayed
for, it is now clear wherein our
duty lies. In this critical hour our
. country must exert itself to the
utmost to further his cause, and
give our whole-hearted support to
f our leaders who must bear the bur-,
I den of the great weight he carried
for so long.
1 When the historians of future gen-
erations write the story of this great
era and of this great leader, it must
be recorded that we, his followers,
carried on as he would want us to do.
I .say it must be written-I know it
will be, for with great faith in the
American people, no less tribute could
be paid in obedient, loyal and ever-
enduring memory of our greatest Am-
erican, Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
-M. Roberta Scherer
DAILY OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
SATURDAY, APRIL 14, 1945
VOL. LV, No. 121
Publication in the Daily Official Bul-c
letin is constructive notice to all minem-
bers of the University. Notices for the
Bulletin should be sent in typewritten
form to the Assistant to the Presilent,
1021 Angell hall, by 2:30 p. in. or the day
preceding publication (10:30 a. en. Sat-
urdays).
CENTRAL WAR TIME USED IN
THE DAILY OFFICIAL
BULLETIN.I
Noticesf
Memorial to President Roosevelt:
The University will commemorate
the death of President Franklin Del-
ano Roosevelt in a memorial servicev
to be held at 3 p.m. (4 p.m. EWT),o
Sunday, April 15, in Hill Auditorium.d
Seats will not be reserved. Students,
members of the faculty and staff,
and citizens of Ann Arbor are invitedn
to attend.-
To the Members of the University
Council: There will be a meeting of
the University Council on Monday,
April 16, at 3:15 p.m., in the Rack-
ham Amphitl'ater.V
School of Education Faculty: Thet
April meeting of the faculty will be 1
held on Monday, April 23, instead ofo
April 16 as originally scheduled. i
Group Hospitalization and Surgi-
cal Service: During the period frm
April 5 through April 16, the Uni-
versity Business Office (Rm. 9, Uni-
versity Hall) will accept new appli-u
cations as well as requests for chan-c
ges in contracts now in effect. These1
new applications and changes willI
become effective May 5, wth the first t
payroll deducton on May 31. After
April 16 no new applications or chan-n
ges can be accepted untl October.
1945.a

Regional Biochemical Conference:
A group of biochemists from the Re-
search Laboratories of the Children's
Fund of Michigan and from the De- 4
partment of Physiological Chemistry n
of Wayne University Medical School, i
together with those from the Univer-"
sity of Michigan, will hold a regional S
biochemical meeting today from '9 to c
11:30 a.m. (CWT) and from 12:30 to t
2 p.m. (CWT). The morning meeting V
will be held in Rm. 158 of the Univer- B
sity Health Service Building, and the T
afternoon meeting in the Amphi- K
theater of the Horace H. Rackham W
School of Graduate Studies. All in- b
terested are invited to attend. Copies C
of the program may be obtained at d
the office of the Department of Bio-
logical Chemistry, Rm. 317, West
Medical Building. o
f a o
Applicants for Combined Curric-
ula:- Application for admission to a
combined curriculum must be made
before April 20 of the final pre- w
professional year. Application forms S
may be obtained at 1220 Angell HallG
and should be filed with the Secre-C
tary of the Committees at that office.
Spanish Play: The Sociedad His- 4
panica lecture series tickets are good
for 2.5 cents itoward niirichaina ai

A Tribute
(NOTE: 'rhe following tribute to Presi-
dent Roosevelt as hie entered upon his
first term it 1932 was written by Allan
Nevins and henry Steele Contmager,
world famous historians.)
"BUT THE NEW PRESIDENT had
other qualities besides experience
and knowledge. He had an instinct-
ive faith in the common man as pro-
found as Bryan's, a rationalized faith
in democracy as profound as Wil-
son's. He was politically astute, un-
derstood the art of leadership, had a
talent for apt phrases, and the best
radio voice in America. Opportunistic
as to means, he was tenaciously con-
sistent as to ends; compromised on
non-essentials but rarely on essentials;
knew that politics was an art-as well
as a science; was not deluded by the
notion that society could be remade
by blueprints or that statecraft could
be watered down to a kind of scien-
tific management or engineering pro-
ject. He was a student of history,
government, and political theory,
knew the American past, understood
the world in which he lived, and had
given thought to the organization of
the world of tomorrow. He trusted
politicians but did not distrust ex-
perts; was sensitive to public opinion
but did not hesitate to mold it or
fear to challenge it. He had broad
interest, indefatigable energy, and an
infectious buoyancy which he com-
municated to those about him and,
eventually, to the whole people. Un-
assuming in manner and simple in
address, he was indubitably a gentle-
man.
information stop in at 201 Mason
Hall. Bureau of Appointments.
A Representative from the Nation-
al Tube Company: Subsidiary of
United States Steel Corporation, Lor-
ain, O., will be in our office Tuesday,
April 17, to interview senior mechan-
ical, electrical, and metallurgical en-
gineers. Those interested should call
Bureau of Appointments, University
Ext. 371, for appointment.
Academirc Notices
Students, College of Literature,
Science, and the Arts: Except under
extraordinary circumstances, courses
dropped by upperclassmen after to-
day will be recorded with a grade of
E. A. Walter
Concerts
OrgandRecital: The Organrecital
by Frieda Vogan, announced for
Sunday, April 15, at 3:15 (CWT), in
Hill Auditorium has been cancelled
on account of the Memorial Service
for the late President Roosevelt.
Events Today
Open House: Lane Hall will again
welcome anyone seeking an all-ar-
ound good time in songs, games, and
dancing this evening at 7 o'clock.
Wesley Foundation: The Saturday
night recreation group will join with
other groups at the Open House at
Lane Hall beginning at 7 o'clock.
Coming Events
Workshop on Anti-Semitism: The
Workshop will hold its next meeting
on Monday, April 16, at 6:30 CWT at
the Hillel Foundation. Featured will
be Dr. Franklin H. Littell, Director
of the Student Religious Association,
in a discussion on "The Religious
Aespets of Anti-Semitism".All those
nterested are invited to attend.
There will be a Leadership Train-
ing program sponsored by the Coun-
,il of Social Agencies, Monday, April
6, from 6:30 to 8:30 at the YMCA.

Dr. Welling of Wayne University will
talk on crafts, and then the group
will divide into interest groups ac-
cording to the craft you would like
most to learn about. Open to all who
are interested.
Churches
First Church of Christ, Scientist:
409 S. Division St. Wednesday eve-
ning service at 8 p.m. Sunday morn-
ng service at 10:30 a.m. Subject
'Are Sin, Disease, and Death Real?"
Sunday school at 11:45 a.m. A spe-
ial reading room is maintained by
his church at 706 Wolverine Bldg.,
Washington at Fourth, where the
Bible, also the Christian Science
Textbook, "Science and Health with
Key to the Scriptures" and other
writings by Mary Baker Eddy may
be read, borrowed or purchased.
Open daily except Sundays and holi-
days from 11:30 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Memorial Service to late President
f the United States. St. Andrew's
Church. 4 p.m. CWT.
University Lutheran Chapel: 1511
Washtenaw. Sunday Service at 10,
with sermon by the Rev. Alfred
Scheips, "The Shepherding Christ".
Gamma- Delta, Lutheran Student
Club, will have its Sunday Supper
Meeting at the Student Center at
4:15.
First Methodist Church and Wes-

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BARNABY

All Ghosts can walk through
closed doors, Gus... Come into

We're about to witness a very
amazing phenomenon, Barnaby.

I CCushlamochree! f-7 I