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'March of Dimes' Battle
Againsl
Infantile
Paralysis
'Quiz Kid' 'Polio' Victim Enjoys Microphone, Microscope
TRAPPING VIRUS:
Local Research Is Conducted
To Learn Facts About Polio'
The outstanding polio victim of her age, Margaret Merrick, 15-year-old member of the "Quiz Kids"
team, divides her time between microphone and microscope, working spare hours in her father's hospital
for small animals. Through the generous outpouring of dimes and dollars from the American public,
every years the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis is 'able to pledge-and to carry out that
pledge-that no infantile paralysis patient shall go without hospital and medical care because of lack
of money.
TO COMBAT 'POLIO':
'U' 1 'DCoedsTo Sell 'ie Dailies' Today
University coeds armed with "Dime
Dailies" will conduct their own of-!
sive against infantile paralysis today.
Stationed at all strategic military
fronts on campus this feminine army
is prepared to fight until the lastJ
Daily is sold. -.
The posts will be:
North Entrance to Angell Hall:
Alpha Omicron Pi: 8-9 Elizabeth1
Taylor and Shirley Saunders, 9-10
Norma Rowe, 10-li Midge Birkett,
11-12 Marjorie Giefel, 1-2 Georgia
Wyman, 2-3 Ginny Weadock, 3-4
Nancy Hoffman and Mary Webster,.
4-5 Conmie Collins.
Main. and Liberty: Alpha Delta Pi:'
11-12 Jean Blomquist, 12-1 Gomer
Ann McMahon, 1-2 Sally Johnston,
2-3 Margaret Anderson, 3-4 Barbara.
Jean White, 4-5 Betty King and
Mary Am Grathwohl
Center of Law Quad: Delta Delta
Delta: 8-9 Kay Caussen, 9-10 Nancy
Reber, 10-11 Joyce Klosloe, 11-12
Peggy Kohr, 12-1 Peggy Morgan, 1-2
Rhea Christian, 2-3 Dorothy Kitt-
redge, 3-4 Mary Blanchard.7
Main and Huron, Northwest Cor-
ner: Stockwell: 8-9 Mary Essig, 9-10
Peggy Boyd, 10-11 Virginia Rohn,
11-12 Shirley Simon, 12-1 Joy Knne-
man, 1-2 Betty Heal, 2-3 Shirley
Simon, 3-4 Shirley Victor, 4-5 Marion
Goodman.
Main and Huron, Southeast Cor-
ner: Stockwell: 8-9 Mary Fitzgibbon,
9-10 Gloria McVittie, 10-11 Adele
Blumberg, 11-12 Esther Horowitz,
12-1 Celeste Fiedler, 1-2 Jane Neilson,
2-3 Margaret Gage, 3-4 Dorris Son-
ner, 4-5 Helen Brinkman.
East Quad: Kappa Kappa Gamma:
8-9 Carol Miller, 9-10 Peg Pilliod,
10-11 Sue Sims, 11-12 Dorothy Hay-
den, 12-1 Marcia Sharpe and Janet
Morgan, 1-2 Jean Colley, 2-3 Mar-
garet Gram, 3-4 Barb Robinson, 4-5
Katherine Shilson.
Engine Arch: Chi Omega: 8-91
Dorna Zarbuck, 9-10 Barbara Stieler,
10-11 Vi Cinq-mars, 11-12 Jan Mc-
Laughlin, 12-1 Norma Kelly and Joy
Low, 1-2 Phyl Gardiner, 2-3 Nan
Bierwirth, 3-4 Pat Doyle, 4-5 Jane
Peters.
West Quad: Pi Beta Phi: 8-9 Janet
Osborn, 9-10 Ruth Whittlesey, 10-11
Martha Mansfield, 11-12 Marjorie
Siebert, 12-1 Lois Fromm and Mary
Sue Tuck, 1-2 Barbara Swain, 2-3
Harriet Boyer, 3-4 Beverly Gotschall,
4-5 Miriam Ruge.
Corner Main and East Ann: Alpha
Phi: 8-9 Margaret Harmon and Bar-
bara Mason, 9-10 Mary Lee Mason
and Mary Ellen Zahrn, 10-11 Helen
Mae Kressbach and Betsy Brown,
11-12 Frances Gracey, 12-1 Dee Arm-
strong, 1-2 Jo Ann Peterson and
Mary Jo Jaques, 2-3 Ann Schumacher
and Barbara Baxter, 3-4 Mary Jane
Dyble, 4-5 Suzie Lovett and Ann Mac-
Millan.
Front of Hospital: Mosher: 8-9
Clarisse Finkbeiner, 9-10 Viola Maile,
10-11 Joanne Kistler, 11-12 Shirley
Drake, 12-1 Edith VanAndle, 1-2
Joan Ruff, 2-3 Christine McMillan,
3-4 Jean Ardianse, 4-5 Mary Anne
Eibler.
Nichols Arcade and State Street:
Alpha Gamma Delta: 8-9 Joan Pul-
lum and Lois Ann Watkins, 9-10
Betty Ann Kranich and Carolyn
Reese, 10-11 Betty Peat and Anne
Genuit, 3-4 Virginia Brady, 4-5 Peggy
Weiss.
State and Liberty: Helen New-
berry: 8-9 Carleen Garmsen, 9-10
Estelle Klein, 10-11 Eleanor Spada-
fore and Rosalie Bruno, 11-12 Jean
Mueller, 12-1 Ruth Edberg, 1-2 Kay
Davies, 2-3 Ruth Tarbell, 3-4 Doro-
thy Williams, 4-5 Frances Danin.
Front of WAB: Jordan Hall: 8-9
Patricia Heustis, 9 - 10 Dorothea
Mountz, 10-11 Barbara Longway, 11,.
12 Ruth Humphrey, 12-1 Carol Rob-
erts, 1-2 Marge Robinson, 2-3 Phyllis
Carlisle, 3-4 Janet Young, 4-5 Doris
Stern.
Lane Hall: Kappa Delta: 8-9 Lil-
lian Campbell, 9-10 "Anita Uvick, 10-
11 Nancy Townsend, 11-12 Dorothy
del Siera, 1-2 Shirley Holman, 2-3
Norma Johnson, 3-4 Carolyn Ryle,
4-5 Patricia Groner.
Alumni Memorial Hall: Coopera-
tive Houses: 8-9 Joan Cohn, 9-10
Dianne Tuck, 10-11 Randa Russell,
11-12 Lee Hurin, 12-1 Barbara Smith
and Kathie Sharfman, 1-2 Annette
Epstein, 2-3 Edythe Levin, 3-4 Mary
Culbertson, 4-5 Lydia Steele.
Corner of North U. and East U.:
Kappa Alpha Theta: 8-9 June Wil-
lard, 9-10 Jean Harkness and Mar-
jorie Leete, 10-11 Mary Lisbeth Milne,
11-12 Jane Longstaff and Jyme West.
12-1 Carol Grede, 1-2 Mary Edison
and Marjorie Carlisle, 2-3 Barbara
Chadwick,3-4 Jane Archer, 4-5 Mor-
row Weber.
Corner North U. and State-Cam-
pus Corner: Alpha Xi, Delta: 8-9
Frances Phillips, 9-10 Dorothy Kole-
sar; 10-11 Jean Bfumm, 11-12 Allyn
Thompson, 12-1 Rosemary Eden, 1-2
June Harris. 2-3 !Mary Driver, 3-4
Virginia Dodd, 4-5 Betty Harris.
Corner North U. and State-Kresge
Corner: Delta Gamma: 8-9 Mary Ul-
rich and Rudy Bales, 9-10 Mary
Straatsma and Nancy Jefford, 10-11
Molly Hunter and Pat Fearnley, 11-
12 Jean Aldrich and Martha Schmitt,
12-1 Mary June Hastreiter and Betty
Needham, 1-2 Betty Scott and Emily
Tillou, 2-3 Pat Clark and Jean Zagel-
mier, 3-4 Jimmy Raymond and Mary
Alice Hahn, 4-5 Betty Sue Lamb and
Mary Anne Berger.
Main and Williams, Southwest Cor-
ner: Geddes House: 8-9 Pat Picard
and Catherine Schneider, 9-10 Ann
Hurly and Lorna Fleming, 11-12
Jackie Sheppard and Mary George,
12-1 Edna Lofstedt and Mary Chap-
man, 1-2 Lois Iverson and Barbara
Everett, 2-3 Doris Trumpeter, 3-4
Janet Banderoft, 4-5 Barbara Dom-
vaiski.
North U. Entrance to League: Al-
pha Epsilon Phi: 8-9 Justine Leoris,
9-10 Margery Welber and Marjorie
Rosmarin, 10-11 Vivian Adelson and
Henrietta Browarsky, 11-12 Luaine
Berman and Sybil Permutter, 12-1
Kayla Bachrach and Barbara Levy,
1-2 Margery Batt and Grace Freud-
berg, 2-3 Betty Harvey, 3-4 Bernice
Galansky, 4-5 Harriet Cooper.
Behind Main Library: Alpha Chi
Omega: 8-9 Jane Scholes and Nora
MacLaughlin, 9-10.Katie Bacce and
Georgianna Leslie, 10-11 Polly Estes,
11-12 Carol Cothran and Judy Bott,
12-1 Betty Bacce and Marilyn Thom.-
as, 1-2 Dorothy Pugsley and Wanda
Mathias, 2-3 Violet Miller and Trudy
Clubb, 3-4 Doris Chapman and Lo\
Olander, 4-5 Marie Clancy.
Union Steps: Gamma Phi Beta:
8-9 Rosemary Klein, 9-10 Katherine
Lathrop, 10-11 Josephine Fitzpatrick,
11-12 Kathrine Klintworth, 12-1 Lois
Bassett and Roberta Hornsby, 1-2
Barbara Miller, 2-3 Virginia Heun,
3-4 Frances Thompson, 4-5 Chloe
Heitsch.
Maynard and Liberty: Zeta Tau
Alpha: 8-9 Harriet Godshalk and
Jean Winans, 9-10 Marian Bassett
and Edith Taylor, 10-11 Marian Al-
len, 11-12 Susan Kiser and Jean Seit,
12-1 Jean MacInnes and Margery
Hull, 1-2 Martha Kirkpatrick, 2-3
Edith Taylor and Marian Bassett,
3-4 Marilyn Ohlstrom and Phyllis
Esslinger, 4-5 Mary Zimmerman, Lee
Wellman and Mary Van Inwagen.
Center of Diagonal: Collegiate Sor-
osis: 8-9 Sis Skinner, 9-10 Evelyn
Otis, 10-11 Joy Sibley, 11-12 Joan
Frantz, 12-1 Pat Nixon and Maurine
Harwood, 1-2 Beatrice Bouchard, 2-3
Sally Diekema, 3-4 Peggy Anderson,
4-5 Helen Garrels.
Angell Hall Steps: Sigma Delta
Tau: 8-9 Molly Winokur, 9-10 Ricky
Wolff and Louise Comins, 10-11 Jo
"Most evidence now points to the
fact that man through his own in-
testinal tract is responsible for the
transmission of the virus which
causes infantile paralysis," Dr.
Thomas Francis Jr. of the School of
Public Health said yesterday.
"The disease is caused by a fil-
trable virus which attacks the ner-
vous system and especially the cells
of the spinal cord," he continued.
"Our studies have shown that in
cases where tonsils have been re-
moved when the virus was present in
the intestinal tract a severe form of
infantile paralysis has resulted."
Dr. Francis is at the head of the
group which is conducting virus re-
search at the School of Public
Health. In 1941 the school received
a grant from the National Founda-
tion for Infantile Paralysis to be
used in training personnel for the
investigation of virus diseases and
for the investigation of virus diseases
with special emphasis on poliomyeli-
tis."
In June 1943 a subsequent grant to
cover three years was made to the
school.
"Consequently we have a very ac-
tive organization the members of
which areuespecially concerned with
finding out how poliomyelitis gets
into a community and how it
spreads," the doctor said.
He revealed that to do this quite
different aspects of the problem
must be attacked. A close study of
outbreaks of the disease as they
occur in the community or general
population is made in an attempt to
designate the location of the virus.
The human individual must be
studied and weighed against his en-
'Polio' Victims
Are Given Aid
At U1 Hospital
About 25 patients who were strick-
en with infantile paralysis during
the recent epidemic were treated at
the University Hospital, Loretta A.
Fahey, nurse and physical therapist
revealed yesterday.
"Each case as it comes here is
given a muscle examination and then
the involved' muscles are treated
daily for muscle re-education," she
said.,
"It is a process of exercising each
muscle individudlly," Miss Fahey
continued. "As they gain strength
the patients are allowed to sit and
stand and are taught coordination of
all their muscles. In addition to this,
when all the muscle tenderness has
disappeared we put them in the
pool.',
Most of the recent cases were girls
and they have all improved greatly
since their arrival. Miss Fahey cited
as an example the case of one pa-
tient who when she arrived at the
hospital could not breathe without
a respirator. Now she has full lung
capacity.
Miss Fahey, who studied for a
week in June, 1942 at the University
of Minnesota, where she observed
the packing and their general treat-
ment of paralytics feels that the hot
packs which are used in the Kenny
treatment are one of the most im-
portant phases of the work.
Frosh and Jean Glass, 11-12 Joy
Altman, 12-1 Babette Blum, 1-2 Thel-
ma Zeskind and Jean Pines, 2-3 Bar-
bara Gray, 3-4 Ronnie Leitner and
Marge Aronsson, 4-5 Doris Lesser.
Main and Liberty, Northwest Cor-
ner: Betsy Barbour: 8-9 Doris Rosn,
9-10 Kay McFee, Jean Miller, 10-11
Martha McCray, Jappy Madison, -'
12 Marge Bean, 12-1 Marge Gigou,
1-2 Nancy Blair, 2-3 Janet Edgar,
3-4 Barb Brown and Annette Ander-
son, 4-5 Kay Atkinson and Gail
Leighthauser.
vironment so that it can be ascer-
tained whether it is the human or
something in his environment such
as the water or a small animal which
is carrying the virus.
After the epidemic last year exten-
sive investigations were made in-
Texas, Kansas and Oklahoma.
"One of our greatest problems,"
Dr. Francis continued, "is to find
animals which are susceptible to the
virus in order that we may carry on
investigations. Monkeys are 'suscep-
tible and some kinds of small rats
react to some types of the disease.
An entire wing of the new School
of Public Health Building is devoted
to this work and among other things
contains rooms holding monkeys
from India which serve as "living
test tubes."
Local Drive for Polio
Prevention Moves Ahead
The local "March of Dinc.<" drive to combat infantile paralysis moves
into the second of its seven-day campaign today with the sale of a special
"Dime Daily" in a concerted effort to increase campus contributions.
"Although the nominal cost of this Daily is only a dime." Jim Plate, '45,
said yesterday, "it is hoped that students will give as much over that
amount as they can when they purchase their papers."
A campus goal of a dime a day has been set and boxes to facilitate
This collection have been placed in all University residences. The men in
the V-12 program stationed in the West Quadrangle backed the campaign
to the limit, each man making a contribution after formation last Saturday.
This money was turned over to the University committee to help in filling
its quota of the county goal.
The Washtenaw County drive, which also opened yesterday, is being
directed by Miss Virginia Schumacher and Mrs. Carl Rehberg. Funds
collected in the county will be divided equally between the local chapter
and the national foundation with 50 per cent of all money collected remain-
ing in the county.
During the March of Dimes Drive held last year in Washtenaw
County a total of $9,888 was collected for the battle against infantile paraly-
sis. Although no official quota has been set for the county this year it is
hoped that a goal of $10,000 will be reached.
Mary Pickford Heads Women's Division Coeds To Direct
'Dimes' Drive
University women have taken posi-
tions at the head of the campus
"March of Dimes" drive which began
yesterday with the result that today
they are presiding over collection
boxes in 32 different campus sta-
tions, according to Marjorie Hall, '45,
women's chairman of the drive
"Selling 'Dime Dailies' from 8 to
5 p.m. today is only the beginning,"
Miss Hall added, "for coeds are also
working in the State Street bank
booth, are collecting money at local
theatres, are distributing boxes to
every dormitory, sorority, and league
house, and are supervising the col-
lections in the halls of the Army,
Navy and Marine Corps.
Yesterday Mosher Hall presided
over the booth in the campus branch
bank, and today Sigma Delta Tau
has taken over the station. Chi
Omega, Delta Delta Delta, Kappa
Delta and Collegiate Sorosis will also
man the booth one day this week.
In charge of distributing boxes to
the sororities is Marcia Sharpe, '45A,
Ruth Edberg, '45, is overseeing the
dormitories, and Frances Goldberg,
'46, and Claire Macauley, '46, have
charge of the 55 league houses.
Ann Speed, '46, and Allen Arm-
strong, '46, will be stationed at the
door of the West Quad mess hall at
noon today, with Miss Goldberg and
Miss Macauley following suit at East
Quad. Working at Victor Vaughan
House will be Mary Brownrigg, '44,
and Pat Potter, '44.
The placing of women in the local
theatres to collect money between
features is under the supervision of
Catherine Call, Grad., assisted by
Margaret Groefsema, '45L.
Presidents of all dormitories, sor-
orities, and league houses are re-
minded to return the "March of
Dimes" boxes which have been sent
to their houses to the undergraduate
office of the League by noon Satur-
day.
Mary Pickford's interest in children and their future as citizens
finds a natural outlet in her pos-iion as Chairman of the Women's
Division of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. Her adopted
daughter, Roxanne, with whom she is pictured above, gives Mary a
poignant reason for her militant effort on the American Health Front.
Miss Pickford, appointed by Basil O'Conner, president of the National
Foundation, has selected leaders in the 48 states and in the territories
to carry the women's fight against the children's enemy on the
home front.t
Graph Tells Story of Infantile Paralysis Epidemic
KENNY METHOD:
Hot Packs Are Used in 'Polio'
Treatment by Famous Nurse
By NEVA NEGREVSKI his lost power would bring into play
Pieces of wool blankets immersed muscles that were not a part of the
in boiling hot water, and then cover- picture, allowing the functionlessj
ed with oil silk and another layer of muscles to relax.-
wool compose the Kenny packs which Came in 1940
are now being used in the treatment In 1940, Miss Kenny came to the
of infantile paralysis in the Univer- National Foundation for Infantile
Paralysis. She was later established
sity Hospital. at the University of Minnesota where1
Adopted in the "U" Hospital last she carried out a study of her dis-
August, the Kenny method was first covery. She was supported in her
introduced in the United States by work entirely by funds from the Na-1
tional Foundation.
Sister Kenny, an Australian nurse, a At the end of the year a special
few years ago. medical committee reported that MissJ
A substitute for the former method Kenny had been able to do better
of splinting the patients, these packs with her patients than had anyone
are wrapped around the paralyzed else before. The committee recom-;
muscles and left on until they have mended that a considerable number
cooled to body temperature. They of nurses and physical therapy tech-
are applied at one-hour intervals. nicians be trained in the essentials1
Experimented in Australia and principles of the Kenny method.
Sister Kenny has devoted 30 years Besides stimulating favorable com-;
in her struggle to get her treatment ments of this treatment of infantile
for poliomyelitis accepted. While paralysis, the Kenny method has alsoa
serving as a community nurse in a aroused criticism. Drs. R. R. Schwarz,
remote part of Australia far removed and Harry Baumann of the Univer-;
from all medical help, Miss Kenny sity of Rochester, who made a re-
was faced with an epidemic of in- search on the cause of the disease
fantile paralysis. When she asked claim that her understanding of
for medical advice and assistance, poliomyelitis is wrong. They' found
she was told to go ahead and do the that while the paralyzed muscles are
best she could, as there was no cure. is a spasm, the streched muscles and
By examining her patients, she dis- other muscles all over the body are
covered that not only were the chil- also in spasm.
dren suffering from pain in the mus- Foundation Sponsors Method
cles, but that something had gone
wrong. with the mechanism of motion However, the National Foundation
of their bodies. Their arms, legs, for Infantile Paralysis has decided to
hands, and feet could not move. The sponsor the Sister Kenny method
muscles were not only painful and and the experiments until it discov-
sore, but they were contracted and ers which side is correct.
in spasm, pulling the opposite mus- Training for the Kenny method is
Iles out of shane so that they could now being offered at the University
National Polio
Foundation Was
Started in 1938
The National Foundation for In-
fantile Paralysis, for which the
"March of Dimes" drive on campus
is being conducted is a non-profit
organization sponsored by President
Roosevelt which was organized on
Jan. 3, 1938 to lead, direct and unify
the fight against the disease.
Each year 50% of the money raised
through the nation-wide celebration
of President Roosevelt's birthday: is
left in the area in which it was con-
tributed to finance the services of
the local chapter. The reminder is
used by the National Foundation to
forward its national program of re-
search, education and epidemic aid.
There are now local chapters in
approximately 3,000 counties and as
of Nov. 1, 1943, a 'total of $7,688,900
has been left with these organiza-
tions, who are responsible for assist-
ing "polio" victims in their own
areas.
The National Foundation also
makes grants for work in the fields
of research, education and emergency
aid during epidemics.
However, since it does not have its
own laboratory for research work, it
goes to men of special skills and
abilities in hospitals, universities and
laboratories throughout the nation.
It provides these men and women
with what they need to carry on their
work in this field and encourages
them to direct their efforts along
definite lines of research.
The various fields of research for
which the Foundation makes grants
include: virus research, treatment re-
search, after effect research which
attempts to find ways to lessen the
crippling effects of paralysis and nu-
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