r 3i F t iE& 41P 4w I t Weather iCl audya and Colder VOL. LIV No. 46 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JAN. 6, 1944 PRICE FIVE CENTS Berdichev Captured by Russian Armies o2 Kiel, Bordeaux, Tours Hit by Heavy Bombers AAF Spreads Planes over Extensive Front, Blasting Wide Range of Targets in Big Assault Amiierican Flying Fortresses Pound Nazi Assembly Plant By The Associated Press Y LONDON, Thursday, Jan. 6.-U.S. heavy bombers and escorting fighters blasted 95 German planes out of the sky yesterday as they ranged across a record 800-mile front to strike the Kieh shipyards, airfields at Bordeaux and Tours in France, and industrial targets in western Germany. Duesseldorf was reported by a Ber- line radio broadcast to have been among the bombers' objectives. It was the biggest day for U.S.i Army Air Force gunners since the Dec. 11 raid on Emden, when 138Nazi Germans Rush° To Complete Line in Italy Leese To Command Eighth Army; Nazis Plan New 'Siegfried' 1 By The Associated Press ALLIED. HEADQUARTERS, AL- GIERS, Jan. 5.-German engineers are rushing to completion an Italiant "Siegfried Line" several miles deep and as powerful as similar Nazi for-1 tifications in western Europe, Ger- man prisoners reported today ast headquarters disclosed that Lt.-Gen. Sir Oliver Leese, a tank expert, hadI taken over command of the British Eighth Army in its drive up Italy's Adriatic coast. Intent on keeping the Allies fromc Rome ss long, as possible, the Nazis were said to be installing their for- midable new defense system only a few miles from the present battle line withits strongestfeature .0.- cated in the neighborhood of Cassino1 opposite the Fifth Army and inlandr from Pescara, Adriatic seaport which1 Canadian forces ate nearing. t In addition to forging the new line,t the Nazis were reported forming re- serves of mobile defense units backc of the fighting line and to be rein- forcing their troops at the front with crack mountain regiments. Canadian troops celebrated an- nouncement of the appointment of Lt.-Gen. Leese as the new comman- der of the Eighth by storming and capturing "Point 59," .a strongly-de- fended hill about three miles from Ortona and overlooking the coastal highway to Pescara. Wars Caused by World Rivalryz Present Life Has No r Cure, Prof. White Sayst "Warfare will last just so long ast international rivalry lasts," Prof.t Leslie White of the anthropologyt department stated as a conclusion to his lecture yesterday at the Union. The lecture "Is War Inevitable?" was sponsored by the Postwar Coun- cilsas one of a series of panel discus- sions. Harvey Weisberg acted as mo- derator.] From his scientific study of war and its causes .Prof. White drew the conclusions that "a nation goes to war to preserve its existence as a na- tion." He added that there has al- ways been struggle and competition for the resources of nature. A second cause for war is that conflict has ac- complished something which the New Deal had failed to do-it has tempo- rarily solved the problem of unem- ployment and overproduction, Prof. White said. "Our system of life has no cure for these diseases during peace time," Prof. White added. "Nothing would preserve our way of life better than war." 'Turning to the question of condi- tions necessary for a truly permanent peace, Prof. White stated that per- manent peace could only happen when and if the world should become a single political unity. GMC Contract Fight Remains Unsettled ufighters were bagged. The wide- spread operation cost the attacking force 25 heavy bombers and 12 es- corting fighters. To reach their targets the bombers knifed through a strong defense which included rocket planes and ME-110s towing what appeared to be new-type anti-aircraft bombs. One of Great Daylight Raids Gunners on the Flying Fortresses and'Liberators accounted for 62 of the German planes downed while Thun- derbolt and Lightning pilots got 33 in the far-ranging operation which in scope became one of the great day- light assaults of the war. Claiming that German losses dur- ing the day's aerial battles were "re- markably light." The German news agency DNB in a broadcast dispatch said "more than 50 British-American planes, of which at least four-fifths were four-engined bombers, were destroyed-23 of them over France. Targets Far Apart The blow at the Kiel shipyards was the third one in three weeks Never before in a major operation has the U.S. Eighth Air Force been able to attack targets so far apart as Kiel and Bordeaux or been able to execute so many diversionary thrusts. The airline distance from Kiel, a German North Sea port, to Bordeaux, in southeastern France, is 800 miles. There was no immediate announce- ment on the number of aircraft lost or the enemy planes destroyed. Second Attack on Kiel It was the second attack in two days on Kiel. The Vichy radioleft the air, to- night, indicating that the aerial bat- tering might be continuing. The British-based U.S. Flying Fort- rges apd Liberators were escorted by American fighters on all. their missions today except the foray at Bordeaux, which involved a round- trip flight of almost 1000 miles. In the Bordeaux operation they were given withdrawal support by Ameri- can and RAF fighters. Political Article Brings Pravda Blast at Wilkie MOSCOW, Jan. 5.-(M)-Wendell Willkie, who was warmly received in Russia during his 1942 round-the- wof"d trip, was attacked as a "politi- cal gambler" by a writer in the Com- munist party organ Pravda, and was scolded for having discussed the P- lish and Baltic questions in a recent newspaper article. The writer, Dmitry Zaslavsky, ac- cused Willkie of "muddying the wa- ters" in an effort to entice presiden- tial support from persons who do not trust the Soviet Union as well as win -sympathy from those who do. He re- ferred to an article -Willkie wrote for the New York Times entitled "Don't Stir Distrust of Russia." Taking particular offense at Will- kie's discussion of the status of Po- land and the Baltic states, the arti- cle said the Baltic question was the business of the Soviet Union and one in which "Mister Willkie should not interfere." "As to Finland and Poland, without mentioning the Balkans, the Soviet Union knows how to deal with them and does not need the help of Mr. Willkie," Zaslavsky said. (Willkie, in an article published in the New York Times magazine sec- tion of Jan. 2 said "our principal ob- jective must now be to persuade Rus- sia to accept and give the guarantees of a general organization, in which she and we are both members, rather than to seek her own protection by political and military control over adjoining territories.") Rail Junction Is Key To Poland, Rumania Former Nazi Headquarters Will Increase Access to Soviet Communication Lines By The Associated Press LONDON, Jan. 5.-The Russian First Ukrainian Army today captured the railway junction of Berdichev, pivotal bulwark of the German lines pro- tecting Poland and Rumania, after five days' fighting, Premier Marshal Joseph Stalin announced in a special order of, the day tonight. Berdichev, 25 miles south of 2hitomir, is the former headquarters of German Field Marshal Gen. Fritz Von Mannstein. Its capture increased the communication links between the Russian westward drive into pre-war Poland and southwestward drive toward the Rumanian frontier. Town on Railway Line The Germans ,earlier, had admitted evacuating the eastern portion of the manufacturing town which had a pre-war population of 51,000. It i on the trunk east - west railway* * from Kowel in Poland to Kazatin and connects with the Kiev-Vinnitsa Russians T k railway 45 miles north of Vinnitsa. The capture gave the Russians use I of the lateral railway from Zhitomiri German.Line to Kazatin in the south, where an important Russian force was pound- On SlQ111River ing toward Rumania in hopes of cut- ting off the Germans remaining in the entire Dnieper bend area. MOSCOW, Thursday, Jan. 6.-()P) More than 60 other towns and ham- -The Red Army was reported today lets were captured by Gen. Nikolai to have taken the German Sluch Vatutin's Ukrainian forces during the River line. day, said the delayed Moscow com- (The Sluch River presents a north- munique, recorded by the Soviet mon- south line in that portion of its 30- itor from a broadcast. 90 Towns Taken in North mile course between Polonnoe and To the north in White Russia, Novograd Volynski. The river is east where the Russians were advancing of both of these towns and the Rus- along the railroad toward Novoso- sians already have announced the kolniki, more than 90 more towns capture of Novograd Volynski, across were captured. the river.) Moscow dispatches said the west- (The dispatch did not saywhere ern front of Vatutin's attack which the river line had been broken. The crossed the pre-war Polish border Russians were reported earlier to Tuesday had penetrated deep into have rossed the border in the area Polesie in the direction of Sarny." of Olevsk, a pre-war customs station Sarny is 35 miles west of the former 45 miles east of Sarny.) frontier. Polesie is the largest coun- A ispat o teMsy.) tyofr-arPad A dispatch to the Moscow News nof pre-war Poland. said the troops which took this line Meanwhile, erlidn announced an had penetrated deep into the Pole- important new Soviet drive in the sian province (of pre-war Poland) in area southwest of Krichev in White the direction of Sainny, 35 miles in- Russia. It said the attack began side the former frontier. Tuesday with violent artillery prep- d rn . U.S. Flying Fortresses bomb the German Focke-Wulf assembly plant at Marienburg, as rising Allied air might presses the attack on Hitler's "fortress Europe." Ma rnesPushi Eastward on New Britain Stiff Jap Resistance Faced in Drive Inland From Cape Gloucester ADVANCED ALLIED HEADQUAR- TERS, New Guinea, Thursday, Jan. 6.-UP')-United States Marines at in- vaded Cape Gloucester, New Britain, have driven east of there, headquar- ters reported today. Utilizing tanks, guns and planes a strong force of Marines, attached to the U.S. Sixth Army, pushed in the direction of Borgen Bay against stiff Japanese resistance. Borgen Area Hit It has been in the Gorgen Bay area that the enemy has put up its prin- cipal opposition and several counter- attacks have been repulsed there. Today's war reports told of the quel- ling of Japanese air and ground counter blows in the Cape Gloucester sector. Westward on New Guinea at invad- ed Saidor, where American forces have driven a wedge into the Japan- ese coastal supply line, Yank patrols moved inland and, extended their holdings along the shore. 5 Nip Planes Shot Down Five Nipponese planes were shot down while attempting to attack nearby shipping. A bomber of the South Pacific Air Force scored a direct hit at Kavieng, New Britain, on a cruiser. Two heavy cruisers were severely damag- ed, if not sunk, by South Pacific bombers in a carrier plane strike in that same area a few days ago. Northwest of Australia at Koepang, Timor, Mitchells flown by the Dutch and Beauforts manned by Austral- ians blew up two Japanese freighters. 6 Y I Yanks Bomb Marshall Atolls PEARL HARBOR, Jan. 5.-P) - Heavy, medium and dive bombers of the American Seventh Army Air Force struck at the Mili and Jaluit atolls of the Marshall Islands Jan. 3 and 4, it was announced today, re- suming the daily schedule of raids on those strategic Japanese outposts north of the American-held Gilbert Islands. The new raids cost one American fighter plane but two bomb hits were made on an enemy cargo transport ship in the Jaluit lagoon. No men- tion was made of enemy interception, indicating the Japanese may have been caught by surprise. Capt. Cook To Lecture Tonight On Navigation Capt. C. R. Cook, veteran of 51 fly- ing missions over enemy territory, will deliver a University lecture on "Navigating a Bomber over Europe and Africa" at 7:30 p.m. today in the Rackham Amphitheatre. Graduating from the Army Navi- gation School at Kelly Field a year ago last summer, Capt. Cook was with the first group of heavy bombers to reach England from this country. He participated in the first All-American raid over Germany and later was transferred to Africa where he flew with the first- group of heavy bomb- ers against Rommel. The Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal, and 11 Oak Leaf Clusters are among the medals which have been awarded to Capt. Cook. While serving as gunner, he was credited with bringing down two German1 fighter planes. At the present time Capt. Cook is with the Army Air Force Engineering1 Division stationed at Wright Field. Dewey Ignores National Issues. Asks for State Profits Freeze Until After War ALBANY, N.Y., Jan. 5.-(P)--Gov- ernor Thomas E. Dewey, often men- tioned for the 1944 presidential nom- ination, ignored clear-cut national issues today in opening the state legislature but advocated cures for many post-war problems including the freezing of a predicted $140,000,- 000 state treasury surplus. Indications were plentiful that the Republican legislative majority will agree to "lock up" the surplus for use after the war in constructing public improvements and creating employment opportunities. Dewey, in a press conference, said party leaders had indicated satisfac- tion with his program. Last year they enacted every one of his numerous major recommendations into law. Today -they applauded loudly as the governor entered the assembly cham- ber to read his annual message. The governor, in advocating the fund freezing, said "either tax reduc- tion or increased spending would, in my judgment, be unsound and irre- sponsible." When the men in our armed forces and the workers in our war plants return to their peacetime occupa- tions they have a right to expect that we, at least, shall have done our part to help create employment oppor- tunities." Rail Negotiation Is Limited to Overtime Issue. Non-Operating Labor Fears Reconsideration Of Increase in Wages By The Associated Press WASHINGTON, Jan. 5.-Non-op- erating railroad employes apparently won a new point. today in their cam- paign for more pay as President Roosevelt resubmitted their claims to an emergency board in language that seemed to limit the issue to that of overtime. The unions had contended that on- ly this issue should be open to dis- cussion; they had balked at reopen- ing a wage increase previously recom-r mended for them. Clerks Case Sent' Back The White House announced that the case of 1,100,000 clerks, shopmen and others who do not actually run trains, had been sent back to the board for consideration of "payments for or in lieu of overtime." The statement at another point mentioned "unsettled claims for wage adjustments of the non-operating employes which were not presented" at the time the board made a pre- vious report recommending- sliding scale increases in regular time pay ranging from 4 to 10 cents an hour. Board Limited Spokesmen of the unions said that language seemed to limit the board to consideration of overtime pay claims, but they said the actual pres- Strike Halt Asked PHOENIX, Ariz., Jan. 5.-P)-- Warren H. Atherton, national com- mander of the American Legion, telegraphed General George C. Marshall today that the right to strike should be suspended for the duration of the war. Atherton advised the Army Chief of Staff that the Legion supports the statement, attributed 'to Gen- eral Marshall by some newspapers, that labor troubles in this country have prolonged the war by lending encouragement to Germany. aration after which several Red Army divisions and a large number of tanks smashed in on a comparatively nar- row front. Heavy fighting raged all day and continued Wednesday, Ber- lin radio said. Kelly To Submit Plan for Vote' Elections Commission r Adds Soldier Affidavitx LANSING, Jan. 5.-(P)--Governbr Kelly's plan for allowing servicemen1 to vote in the 1944 elections will be submitted' to the special session ofj the legislature with additions recom- mended by the state elections com-f mission.- The major addition is a provisiont allowing servicemen to execute an affidavit on the absent voter's ballot envelope in lieu of the usual voter's registration. The commission also proposed that applications for ballots sent by ser- vicemen to the Secretary of State be forwarded by that official to county clerks, who would separate them by cities and townships. The latter would mail the ballots to the service- men with return envelopes and the voted ballots would be delivered to precinct election boards on election day and would be posted in a sep- aratedivision of the pool book or in a separate book. The commission endorsed Kelly's suggestion to move the state primary from Sept. 12 to July 11. the county political conventions to July 20 and the state political conventions to Aug. 1. 170 Navy Men To give Blood Registration for the Union blood bank was given a boost today as more than 170 Navy men signed up at the Union. The bank, sponsored by the Union and its Council, will be open between 12:30 and 4:15 p.m. on Jan. 13 and 14; registrations can be made at the Union desk from 3 to 5 p.m. every day except Sunday up to Jan. 10. Donors will be excused from PEM classes on the day they donate blood. Poles Asked To Aid Soviet LONDON, Jan. 5.-(.4)-The Polish government in London called on its underground in Poland today to give the right of way to the advancing Russian armies and to continuie re- ';istance to Ihe Germans, but an or- der to cooperate with the Russian military commanders was withheld pending resumption of Polish-Soviet diplomatic relations. In a declaration handed to all th United Nations with which it has dip- lomatic - relations, the government moved to avert any clash of Poles with the Red Army pouring across the pre-war Russian-Polish border, but it claimed the right to rule the country as soon as it is liberated. Victory Croff To Meet Today Committee Will Vote on Constitution, Officers Formed for the pigrpose of "acti- vizing alert student opinion on issues of the day," the newly-formed Stu- dent Victory Committee will hold a mass organizational meeting at 7:30 p.m. today in the Union. The purpose of the group, as stat- ed in the proposed constitution drawn up by the temporary organizational committee, maintains that the group shall "take action for the preserva- tion and extension of American dem- ocracy." It emphasizes that essential to the spirit of democracy are "racial equality, religious freedom, the eli- mination of fascism and the exten- sion of social, political and economic democracy." Included on the agenda for today's meeting are discussion and approval of a constitution and program of ac- tion, election of officers and the se- lection of a name by the membership, Committees to deal with specific problems will be set up, and those programs for education and action approved by the group will be under- taken at once. Dorothy Kinley, '44, txil11 air__m n - +Iaaic idential order resubmitting the case was less specific. . The "order recited the history of the negotiations, in which the 15 unions at first refused the regular' time in- crease, then accepted' it' at the time a year-end strike was called off, and at the same time presented the new claim for overtime compensation, It mentioned that the carriers and the non-operating employes had not been able to agree "with respect to such additional claims," and at another point said the special panel was re- called to consider "the unsettled claims for wage adjustments." The question in the minds' of work- er spokesmen was whether that lan- guage went as far as the White House statement in limiting the issue. Navy Announces Loss of CATHOLICISM AND FASCISM: McMahon Will Speak Here Tomorrow Dr. Francis McMahon, formerly of Notre Dame and now in the philoso- nhv denartment of the University of a disagreement with the administra- tion over his public speaking activi- ural sympathy for Fascism in the Catholic Church. Followin- the lecture, the audi-