'i I IIU 1 plll j i ti 1* 41P 4tltr tga u -, -wa t Weather Showrs and Thnesom VOL. LIV No. 117 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, APRIL 23, 1944 PRICE FIVE CENTS 4,000 Bombers Hit azi Rail Hub, French Coast; Tax Simplification Bill Passed by - -4' : : : Mass Filing Of.Returns Eliminated Revisal of Withholding System Would Deduct Most Tax Liabilities By The Associated Press WASHINGTON, April 22.- Re- sponding to national clamor against the intricacyeofataxation, the House Ways and Means Committee ap- proved today a tax simplification bill to make it unnecessary for 30,000,000 of the 50,000,000 individual taxpayers ever to file another income tax return. Committee Chairman Doughton (Dem., N.C.) said he would introduce the legislation to the House Monday with the view to putting it on the statute books before Congress reces- ses in June for the national Demo- cratic and Republican conventions. If enacted by Congress, the "pain- less tax" measure would: 1. Eliminate the victory tax and set new normal and surtax rates and exemptions while keeping actual tax burdens near their present levels. 2. Revise completely the withhold- ing system against wages and salar- ies, effective next Jan. '1, to deduct from wage envelopes and salary checks the full tax liability of persons earning up to $5,000-thus relieving the 30,000,000 from the necessity of computing income tax returns. 3. Of the 20,000,000 who still would have to file returns, 10,000,000 could use a simple tax table showing their entire tax, and the others would fill out returns in more detail but sim- pler than the present long form. The new .rates would appy tqo.final 1944 tax reports, due next March 15, but the revised withholding system would not begin until 1945. The revisions would mean larger withholdings for most persons, but Doughton emphasized that "in- creased withholding is not increased tax burden. Withholding is not taxa- tion but a method of collecting taxes." Radio Experts Are Added to Summer Staff Four of the top men of the Colum- bia Broadcasting System wil be on the speech department staff to assist in radio instruction during the sum- mer session, Prof. G. E. Densmore, de-' partment chairman, announced yes- terday. Coming to the campus are William N. Robson, producer-director of CBS and producer of "The Man Behind the Gun"; Harry Marble, announcer for "Corwin Presents"; Mortimer Frankel, associate director of pro- gram writing; and Charles S. Monroe,' staff writer. Monroe is a University graduate and has a master's degreeI from the Yale Drama School. Each man will present a series of lectures in the field of his special in- terest to the classes in radio and will produce a radio program to be broadcast from the campus.k Prof. David Owen of the speech department, who has just returned from New York, made the arrange- ments for bringing the men to Ann Arbor. Before joining the University staff, Prof. Owen was affiliated with1 CBS, originating and producing "Jackt Armstrong," "Skippy," "Betty and Bob" and other programs. In the absence of Prof. Waldo Ab-t bot, director of broadcasting, who will be on leave, summer session classes in radio will be under the di- rection of Prof. Owen and Dr. Don-4 ald E. Hargis of the speech depart- ment. Dr. Hargis was formerly di- rector of broadcasting at the Univer- sity of Oregon. Lt.-Comm. Branson To Be New Navy Executive Lt.-Comm. John J. Branson, USN, will assume duties as executive officer, of fna NR(7TC: nit qn +he TUniversity i : Americans Strike at Marianas With Land-Based Bombers Two Now More Marshall Atolls Seized; Carriers Operating in Indian Ocean with Allies By The Associated Press Japan's Marianas Islands, at the Pacific cross roads to the Philippines and Tokyo, have been bombed by American land-based bombers for the first time. Four-engined Army and Navy bombers made an over water roundtrip flight of more than 2,200 miles and shot their way through 25 interceptors to bomb Saipan and Tinian, air and naval bases in the southern Marianas. The raid was announced yesterday (Saturday) simultaneously with the disclosure that the American flag has been raised over two more of Japan's mandated Marshall islands in the Central Pacific, and an official announce- ment that a strong United States aircraft carrier force was operating in - 't the Indian Ocean with other Allied House Group Greatest Air Armada Blasts Invasion Points U.S., RAF Ships Drop 29,000 Tons During Week's Offensive on Continent By The Associated Press LONDON, April 23, Sunday.-Pre-invasion fleets or nearly 4,000 Ameri- can and Allied bombers and fighters smashed the German rail center of Hamm, coastal fortifications in France, and airfields in Belgium and France yesterday in history's greatest aerial offensive, which apparently still was under way early today after a week in which 29,000 tons of explosives had been hurled onto Hitler's continental ramparts. A U.S. Air Force bulletin issued early Sunday morning said "satisfac- tory results" were achieved in the main strike at Hamm by nearly 2,000 Flying Fortresses and Liberators escorted by Thunderbolt, Mustang and Lightning fighters, but failed to men<> Lion any aircraft losses. Finns R efuse The American communique termed Hamm "one of Germany's most im- portant traffic centers." Through its huge freight yards Hitler must pour Soviet Term s his central reserves to combat the long-awaited Allied invasion in the For Armistie west. Nip Advances Threaten Rails,' Wheat in China Japanese Bomb, Shell Suburbs of Chenghsien In Attacks from East By The Associated Press CHUNGKING, April 22.-Japanese attacking from the east have reached the suburbs of Chenghsien which is being shelled and bombed, the Chi- nese high command announced to- night. The communique also indicated in- vaders from around the southern end of the Yellow River bridge had ad- warships striking at the opposite flank of Nippon's southern empire. Blow Hits near Guam The heavy =bomber raid on the Marianas last Monday was the sec- ond American air blow at Saipan and Tinian, 125 miles from Guam which the Japanese occupied early in the war. In the first strike, by carrier forces, 135 Japanese planes were wiped out, two ships sunk and nine damaged. Both new atolls occupied in the Marshalls-Aur and Erikub-are in the eastern chain almost within ar- tillery range of two of the four re- maining enemy bases in the Marshalls which have been the object of con- tinued air sweeps along the Caroline islands. Four islands in the Truk lagoon were bombed by Army Liber- ators Tuesday. Nimitz previously announced two other air attacks on Truk the same day. Ponape, eastern outpost of Truk, was hit by Army Mitchells Thursday for 23rd consecu- tive day. A Navy search plane bomb- ed Ulul, northwest of Truk. U.S. Carriers Hit Sumatra Southeast Asia headquarters an- nounced an American carrier force had joined British, Dutch and French warships in last Wednesday's sur- prise thrust at northern Sumatra. United States fliers supplied 65 per cent of the air power in the strike at Sumatra and nearby Sabang. And American Liberators preceded the surprise raid with a successful diver- sionary attack on the Andaman is- lands, 300 miles to the northwest. Allied southeast Asia headquarters declared the Indian "situation con- tinues to develop favorably." Allied dive bombers were reported inflicting heavy' casualties on retreating Nip- ponese 30 to 35 miles niortheast of Imphal. Blokestein To ,Visit University BOMBS OVER EUROPE-A B-25 medium bomber is shown abovet leaving the smoking, ruins of Hitler's "European Fortress." This plane was- one of the fleet of British and American planes which made more than 24,000 flights and dropped about 29,000 tons this past week. CAUSE OF FIGHTING: Responsibility for War Lies With Education, Hambro Says Dr. Carl Joachim Hambro, formerly president of the Norwegian Parli- ament and of the League of Nations Assembly, told the final session of the Schoolmasters' Club yesterday that education is one of the basic causes of war. "Wars," he said, "are not made by officers or politicians or diplomats; they are made by teachers and university professors. The present war is largely a result of the educational system in Germany." "If diplomats had studied the teachers' manuals and the textbooks in Germany, Italy and Japan, no nation would have been unprepared for I hen 9h s ien 4' Ic 'n JAPS NEW DRIVE IN CHINA -Arrows indicate Jap drives at Chengshien, junction on the Peip- ing-Hankow railway. Shaded area indicates area of Jap domination. -A.P. Wirephoto vanced westward to establish a road block on a destroyed section of the Lunkhai Railway, 25 miles west of Chenghsien. One Japanese column passed west- ward across the Peiping - Hankow railway, 25 miles south of Chengh- sien. The Japanese offensive, launched April' 18 by 50,000 to 60,000 troops spearheaded by contingents from Manchuria, is aimed, the Chinese be- lieve, at smashing the Chinese grip of 150 miles of the Peiping-Hankow railway, a step which permits the enemy to link his north and central forces in China. Cpl. Witkowski Is Given Navy Cross The Navy's highest award, the Navy Cross was awarded yesterday to Marine Cpl. Henry J. Witkowski of the V-12 unit for extraordinary hero- ism in action during the U.S. landing on Tarawa last November. Capt. Richard Cassidy, commander of Naval Forces on campus, made the presentation after a parade of the entire Navy unit. Cpl. Witkowski also appeared in a radio broadcast yesterday. The ac- tion for which he received the award was described in a sketch written by marine students, Charles Ben- jamin and Paul Davidson. Netherlands Will Discuss Minister Education Thomas Asks Democrats Add. Labor Platform DETROIT, April 22.--(P)-Presi- dent R. J. Thomas of the CIO's United Auto Workers, expressing concern over the attitude of "sections of the Democratic party," demanded tonight that it produce candidates and a platform approved by labor. "While labor knows what to expect from the Republican party," Thomas told a Wayne (Detroit) County CIO political action conference, "It is not as yet sure, on the other hand, of the Democratic party. "We know that the Democratic party contains many fine and aggres- sive progressives. But we also know that there are sections of the Demo- cratic party whose record of reaction is in no sense different from that of the Republicans." The chief of the big auto workers union said labor would "watch the Democratic convention" and "study the platform it produces." The plat- form, he said, must assure "fair play on the home front" and wage stabili- zation "that is just to labor" as well as give due attention to solutions for post-war economic problems. Nelson Creates Labor Auto Advisory Committee WASHINGTON, April 22.--(P) - Donald M. Nelson, chairman of the War Production Board, today gave labor a voice in the planning for de- mobilization of the automobile indus- try by creating a labor advisory com- mittee of unionists parallel to a sim- ilar management body. Word was received here yesterday that Gerrit Blokestein, Netherlands Minister of Education, will come to the University Friday to discuss plans for post-war exchange profesorships and scholarships between the United States and the Netherlands. He will confer with President Alex- ander G. Ruthven and other Univer- sity officials who have in recent months manifested their interest in such a program of post-war educa- tion rebuilding. Blokestein, who was made minister of education just nine months before his homeland was invaded, has com- pleted a three-year detailed study of the British education system. Dr. Frank A. Robbins, assistant to the president, indicated yesterday that plans for his visit will be com- pleted early this week and, that he will remain in Ann Arbor over next week-end. war," he stated. "But none of the great powers had educational or moral attaches in foreign countries." Education Failed Then stating that "reform begins at home," he harged that, "we have never succeeded in giving to youth a true political picture of the world as it is today. We have not even tried to give them a sense of international responsibility." Dr. Hambro said that the problem of post-war education will be that of educating individuals to be free and that it is not only a problem in the Axis countries but also in our own countries. "The hope of the world," he stated, "will rest with the educators of the world to a greater extent than you perhaps recognize today. And the way youth is directed will decide the question of peace and war for the next generation." Nationalism Is Out "There are three sides to every question," Dr. Hambro stated, "your side, my side and the right side. And there will never be any international cooperation or any peace until na- tions begin to stress the right one. There will never be any security of peace until the idea of national right is given up. This responsibility," he added, "rests with every individual." Practical .Men To Make Peace, Hambro Says Carl Joachim Hambro, League of Nations leader, said yesterday that the fact that the International Labor Organization is to be directly repre- sented in the peace negotiations is an indication that "we are moving in the right direction." In an interview yesterday after his radio broadcast Hambro said that this is a sign that practical men will help frame the peace. Questioned about the future o'f the League, he said that "the League is not dead at all." He stated that agencies concerned with world peace must cooperate with the League and that the "experience of the League must not be lost." Rather than an international po- lice frce. he csad. n internationali Cologne Hit by RAF While this powerful formation touched off violent air battles over Hamm, 60 miles northeast of smould- ering Cologne which again was hit during the night by RAF bombers, wave after wave of American and British planes beat a bomb tattoo against the Axis Atlantic wall across the Channel nearest England. Approximately 1,000 American and British light bombers and fighters dumped at least 1,200 tons on the French coast, making a total of 7,500 dropped there in six days. The heav- iest battering of the mysterious em- placements occurred Thursday when 3,000 tons crashed down there. 1,000-Plane Punch Thrown Late today another 1,000-plane punch, which included British Mos- quitoes and American and Allied fighter-bombers, was thrown against the coast. Airfields and rail targets in northern France and Belgium also were dive-bombed, making a total of 4,000 Allied sorties, or individual flights, during the day. It was one of the largest cross-Channel strikes ever mounted from Britain. Hill Auditorium Jammed for Varieties Show Before a jam-packed audience of more than 5,000 soldiers, sailors, mar- ines and civilian students, the second production of Victory Varieties reg- istered instant success in Hill Audi- torium last night. Braving rain and "usual Ann Arbor weather," the campus filled the ajdi- torium 15 minutes before the show began at 8:15 p.m. to hear Eddy How- ard and his band and the regular Coca Cola "Victory Parade of Spot- light Bands" radio broadcast at 9:30 p.m. Billed as a salute to the University's service trainees, the Eddy Howard show was the only part of this second student sponsored Victory Varieties productions remaining after the rest of the show was cancelled when ob- jections to it were voiced by Regent Edmund C. Shields three weeks ago. The full Board of Regents in their regular meeting yesterday apparently rebuffed Regent Shields and by a formal resolution gave future student entertainment shows the "green light" without interference. Cardinal O'Connell, Dean Of Catholic Church, Dies BOSTON, April 22.--(P)-William Cardinal O'Connell, who rose from a humble beginning as son of a New England mill worker to become a prince of the Church and dean of the Roman Catholic hierarchy in Am- erica, died today from bronchial pneumonia. Most Rev. Richard J. Cushing, Auxiliary Bishop of Boston, whowas named temporary administrator of the diocese for'an indefinite period, announced that a solemn high mass of requiem will be celebrated for the Cardinal at the Cathedral of the Holy Russian Claims Would Place Strong Burden On People, Impractical. By The Associated Press MOSCOW, April 22.-Andre J. Vishinsky, Soviet Vice-Commissar of foreign affairs, announced tonight that revised Soviet conditions for an armistice had been rejected by the Finnish government, bringing nego- tiations to a close. The Vice-Commissar said Finland after two months of negotiations had informed Russia April 19 through Sweden that the Finnish Parliament had decided the Russian terms would impose a burden on the people ex- ceeding their capacity and that some of the terms were incapable of being carried out for purely technical rea- sons. Vishinsky said the Finnish repre- sentatives who came to Moscow March 27 at the invitation of the Soviet government included J. I. Paasikivi. They met with Foreign Commisar Vyacheslav Molotov. These were the Soviet terms which Finland rejected: 1. Rupture with Germany and im- mediate internment of enemy armies and warships, or their expulsion be- fore the end of April. 2. Restoration of the Finnish- Soviet treaty of 1940 and withdrawal of Finnish troops to the 1940 frontier. 3. Immediate repatriation of Rus- sian and Allied prisoners and civilian internees. This repatriation to be reciprocal. 4. Fifty per cent demobilization of the Finnish Army. 5. Reparations of $600,000,000 pay- able in five years. 6. Soviet renunciation of its claim to Hango without compensation. Russian Lull Believed Front For New Blows LONDON, April 22.-- ()- The Soviet high command in its shortest communique in months said tonight that "nothing of any importance" occurred on any sector of the eastern front today, and Berlin apparently believed the lull was preparatory to a Soviet invasion of Poland. Late Soviet dispatches from the Crimea said the Red fleet was closing in to join land forces ringing the big base of Sevastopol in a final assault, but this dramatic battle, last reported rushing to a climax, was ignored in the Soviet daily bulletin. The communique, recorded by the Soviet Monitor from Moscow's broad- cast, reported only a Friday night air raid on some shale oil refineries in Estonia and the destruction of 87 German tanks and 54 planes on all fronts during Friday. Berlin's touted military commen- tator, Martin Halensleben, said the eastern front was going through "the quiet before the storm." Although the Russian drives have been "brought to a standstill," he said, the Red Army has massed trons frnn CONNALLY FORMS COMMITEE: Ask for United Peace Front By The Associated Press WASHINGTON, April 22.-Call- ing for a United Nations front on Connally picked Senators George (Dem., Ga.), Barkley (Dem., Ky.), Gillette (Dem., Ia.), Vandenberg discussion as developments may arise." The chairman said the initial