IF. It tr uit p Weather Rain and Warmer rinoin"i i LTI No. 86 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY. FEB. 10. 1943 1PIDTftv zqrlm t"% Q __NN ARBOR . GA . WEDNF..A.. FI~R iE) iQ&2 u YYmi 1ywff, £ ,'m'u VL UE' s loosevelt Orders 8-Hour Work Week Yerman Forces Are Collapsing 3efore New Soviet Offensive Kharkov Imperiled as Russians Capture Belgorod, Drive Forward in Ukraine Area By The Associated Press LONDON, Feb. 9.- The entire Ger- man line in southern Russia appeared to be caving in tonight as the Ths- sians, in a special communique re- corded by the Soviet Monitor, an- nounced the capture of Belgorod with a smashing Red Army blow which further imperils Kharkov, the chief Nazi base east of' the Dnieper River. Belgorod was the second huge Ger- man base and railway center, held tenaciously through all the Russian counter-offensives of the winter of 1941-42 and the spring of 1942, to fall to the Red Army in 48 hours. City near Kharkov Approached The city is only 50 miles northeast of Kharkov, industrial capital of the Ukraine, and is 78 miles southeast of Kursk, the big defense center which fell only yesterday, Along with Belgorod, the Russians took Shebekino, only 40 miles to the northeast of Kharkov's city limits and 20 miles southeast of Belgorod. Belgorod is at the junction of the Kursk-Kharkov line and a handy railway which runs northwest to Go- STALINGRAD,. Feb. 9.-- (')- Lieut.-Gen. Vasily Chuikov. com- mander of the Soviet 62nd Army which held Stalingrad, blew a cloud of smoke from his Russian cigaret toward the ceiling of the dugout. He considered the'question. "What were the tactical mistakes of the Germans?" "The Germans made no tactical mistakes," said the fighting con- min der who p ierly was the Rus- siAn miitary attacbe in China and isor to China's armies. "The Germans," he added thoughtfully, "made the strategi mistake of putting Hitler in com- and." mel and the ceti'al front, and was a nut which Russian armies tried in vain to crack a year ago. It was one of Kharkov's strongest outer defenses. The speed with which the Russian forces were toppling strong German defense centers one after the other apparently had tied German com- munications and transportation into knots, and everywhere along a 500- mile snowy front, from Novorossisk in the Caucasus to north of Orel, the. Red Army was reporting mounting successes. Orel in Danger Orel, at the top of the line, 200 miles south of Moscow, appeared to be left dangerously suspended by the fall ofXKursk to the south and a mas- sive thrust past that former German bastion toward Lgov and Kiev, 250 miles to the southwest. Russian positions which curve past1 Orel close to Bryansk, already men- aced the German position from the north. Committee Cuts Offices Bill WASHINGTON, Feb. 9.-(/P)- The, Appropriations Committee delivered; to the House today a $2,621,104,379; independent offices supply bill slasheds $6,448,206 under President Roosevelt's budget estimates. A substantial part of the reduction3 was accomplished by eliminating en- tirely a recommended $1,400,000 for9 the National Resources Planning Board headed by the President's un-1 cle, Frederic A. Delano. There also1 were cuts of $750,000 from requests of the Securities Commission for gen- eral expenses and of $1,178,000 from the Civil Service Commission's esti-] mates of its needs for national de-1 fense activities. WLB Repeats Use of "Little Steel" Formula WASHINGTON, Feb. 9.-- UP)- As a prelude to James F. Byrnes' nation- wide broadcast on inflation, the War Labor Board today reiterated its "lit- tle steel" formula on wages and re- fused to grant a general increase to 180,000 employes of the "big four" packing companies. The board, citing assurances from Byrnes that stabilization of price lev- els will accompany a stabilization of wage levels, declared it was "duty bound to stabilize wages at the Sept. 15, 1942 level." "The general relationship between wages and prices, as it existed on Sept. 15, has been adopted by the Congress and is not subject to modi- fication by the national War Labor Board," the ruling said. The "little steel" formula, first im- posed in the case of several steel com- panies, calls in general for no basic wage increases in excess of 15 per cent since January, 1941. The board said that average weekly earnings of factory workers in November, in many cases swelled by payment of overtime, actually were 50 per cent over those of January, 1941. Average hourly earnings, including overtime, were up 30 per cent, and the average of straight-time wages was up 25.3 per cent. House Moves To Japs Admit Guadalcanal Evacuation U.S. Troops Extend Main Line of Advance, Consolidate Position WASHINGTON, Feb. 9.- (A)- American ground forces, apparently closing in for the kill, have lengthened their main line of advance into Japa- nese territory on Guadalcanal Island, the Navy announced tonight, and have consolidated a newly won posi- tion on the Japanese east flank in operations which cost the enemy 34 men killed and one captured. This information was given out in a communique several hours after Secretary of the Navy Knox told a press conference he had no doubt that a Tokyo announcement of the evacu- ation of Jap troops from Guadalcanal was true. Some small and scattered pockets of the enemy's disorganized forces might remain, Knox said. Japs Reported Evacuated Asked whether reports from the American command in the island bore out the Tokyo statement about with- drawal, the secretary replied that "We have some information that the Japs have been evacuating." The communique covered opera- tions on Feb. 7 and 8-Sunday and Monday, Guadalcanal time, which is roughly one day ahead of Washing- ton time. It said that ground forces "lengthened the forward line along the Umasani River," which is about ten miles southeast of Cape Esper- ance, and completed "consolidation of our recently established position at Titi." Enemy Action Expected It thus became apparent that 36 to 48 hours before the secretary con- firmed the evacuation announcement, the troops in co nand of Major Gen- eral Alexander g, Patch were push- ing forward stedi ly but with appar- ent caution as though in anticipation of enemy resistance if they did not actually have it. American patrols had reached the Umasani River five to six days ago, according to previous announcements. While these operations were in pro- gress ashore, American aircraft bombed the Japanese airbase at Mun- da, in the central Solomons, but re- sults were not reported. University to Train Help for Worried Boss Bosses are tearing their hair as bus- iness expands during this war and it's all because they can't get enough secretaries, receptionists and aides. But now they're going to get more and the college trained ones they need, too. The Division for Emergency Training is going to help give stu- dents the skills needed to work for the government and private employ- ers in secretarial positions. Shorthand and typing for college students will be taught in the Divi- sion beginning this week. These can be rounded out with accounting cour- ses in the economics department and office practice, business writing and statistical methods courses in the bus- iness school to obtain much of the needed training. Students with 30 hours of credit may take the first three courses and the second three are open to those with 60 hours of credit. These courses will not be a loss to later college work. Accounting and business administration courses carry academic credit now. Credit for type- writing and shorthand is being ar- ranged now for students in the music and education schools. Complete information on the train- ing program may be secured from Prof. J. M. Trytten; Rm. 1002 Univer- sity High School. Jap Prisoners Interest U.S. Soldiers Move Designed To Speed Producti-on Byrnes Cites Need of Plan in Radio Address To Invade 'Europe in 1943' By WILLIAM T. PEACOCK Associated Press Correspondent WASHINGTON, Feb. 9.-A general 48-hour work week was ordered by President Roosevelt tonight as part of "the fullest mobilization" of Ame#i- can manpower and resources to carry out 1943 war plans calling for \a tre- mendous invasion of Europe. The sweeping order meant substantial increases in the weekly earnings of large numbers of people, especially in view of the federal law calling for time and a half over-time pay for work in excess of 40 hours by persons Overbuying of Clothes Hit by Nelson, Brown WASHINGTON, Chairman Donald Feb. 9. - (R) - M. Nelson of the American troops gather around and gaze with interest at this group of Jap prisoners (center foreground) transported from Guadal- canal before being shipped out of the South Pacific area. Mediterranean Allied Air Thrust Storms Sicilian Port,_Axis Harbor Alter Highway Office Heads 4%1 LANSING, Feb. 9.- (A')- The House of Representatives flashed an urgent green light today to speed adoption of a bill to transfer control of the state highway department from Democratic to Republican hands, and scheduled a vote on the measure for tomorrow. The chamber also approved an al- ready Senate-adopted joint resolu- tion proposing a constitutional amendment to give township officials two-year terms, instead of electing them annually, and Speaker Howard Nugent said the department of state informed him the measure would ap- pear on the April 5 election ballots. Democratic opposition was smoth- ered as the House Republicans took legislative shortcuts to advance the highway reorganization bill to posi- tion for a vote, their leadership de- claring they had plenty of votes to pass it tomorrow. Foes of the measure planned a last- ditch fight to defeat it in the Senate. It has not been a burning issue on that side. The bill reached the floor of the House this afternoon with the bless- ing of the state affairs committee, was quickly shunted into the ways and means committee where, within a half hour, it received approval of a "safety valve" appropriation clause, and was dropped back onto the floor. There the majority beat down par- liamentary obstacles raised by Demo- crats, and the House debated the bill in committee-of-the-whole. As thus approved, the bill provides that the governor shall appoint a three-member state highway board which, in turn, shall appoint a high- way director who would handle work now performed by the elective state highway commissioner, whose office the bill seeks to abolish. The director would draw $7,500 a year. ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN NORTH AFRICA, Feb. 9.--()-The powerful Allied air offensive in the Mediterranean area shook the Sicilian port of Messina yesterday with a two- hour barrage of block-buster bombs and battered an Axis harbor and air base in Tunisia, ofcial Allied sources disclosed today. Ground ac- tivities in the North African theatre continued to lag because of bad weather. Axis Loses 19 Planes The combined operations bf the Middle East and North African air forces cost the Axis 19 planes while only seven Allied aircraft were re- ported lost. (The destructive raids on both ends of the Axis Mediterranean supply lines were regarded by military ob- servers in London as a prelude to a big push by the British First and Eighth armies against the Axis foot- holds in Africa. (A Berlin spokesman added to the February 14 Is Deadline for Draft Dodgers LANSING, Feb. 9.- ()- Michi- gan's 5,000,000 odd draft delinquents have until Sunday to square accounts with their local draft boards and after that the Federal Bureau of Investi- gation will go to work on them. The state Selective Service Head- quarters announced today that Feb. 14 is the deadline for draft delin- quency, a change from the previously- set final date of Feb. 1. The announcement instructed local draft boards to turn over to Michigan newspapers lists of the names and addresses of all delinquents and sus- pected delinquent registrants for pub- lication Friday. Part of a national round-up of draft violators, the state delinquency program is aimed at both deliberate and unintentional violators. Selective Service officials said they were "especially concerned with locat- ing for compliance or prosecution" men who failed to register for the draft or those who did register but whose records have been lost. Others who may be subject to prosecution are those who have failed to follow instructions of their local boards. 'Garg' Editor Resigns Post The resignation of Olga Gruzhit, last semester's Garg editor, was an- nounced yesterday. mounting evidence'that a large-scale Allied attack is imminent with the assertion that Lieut.-Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, commander of the Al- lied troops, is concentrating large forces in the Gafsa area and that, Gen. Sir Bernard L. Montgomery, commander of the British Eighth Army, "seems to be preparing for an assault on Axis positions in Southern Tunisia." (Earlier a Vichy radio spokesman declared that "something big" is brewing in the Tunisia-"Tripolitania border area. (DNB, the German news agency, reported that Britishntanks attacked an Axis rearguard position during a "large scale operation" by the Eighth Army in the Libyan-Tunisian fron- tier area, adding that they were forc- ed to withdraw in disorder.) Bombers Blast Messina While United States B-24 Libera- tors of the Middle East Command blasted Messina by daylight, other bombers of Eisenhower's command set two ships afire in the harbor of Sousse and fired buildings and park- ed aircraft in a raid on the airdrome at Gabes. American P-39 Airacobras, making their first appearance in Tunisia, shot up Axis truck columns and a British submarine reported sinking four ships off the Italian west coast in a single day. Again proving their fighting pow- er, the Liberators scored direct hits on oil storage tanks, the port power' station and the waterfront at Messina' and returned without loss, although attacked by a sizeable force of fight- ers. An American communique said the B-24's shot down at least one Messerschmitt 109 and damaged others. War Production Board and Price Ad- ministrator Prentiss M. Brown asked the public today to stop "overbuying" clothing and said "at .the present time there is no shortage of clothing and therefore no need for rationing."n The two officials .issued a joint statement in an effort to stop runs on clothing stores reported from many parts of the country. "Announcement of shoe rationing appears to have stimulated scare buy- ing (of clothing) in some parts of the country," they said. "Such buying. is unnecessary. "Supplies of wool in the United States are larger by several hundred million pounds than they were when the Japs struck at Pearl Harbor. At the present time there is no shortage of clothing and therefore' no need for rationing. "The War Production Board has not directed the Office of Price Ad- ministration to undertake the ration- ing of clothing. "The Office of Price Administra- tion has set up no machinery for ra- tioning clothing." WPB Rules 10% Print Paper Cut WASHINGTON, Feb. 9.- (VP)- Scotching reports of a deeper slash, War Production Board officials deal- ing with the newspaper publishing in- dustry stated today that a second cut in print paper use of not more than 10 per cent, effective April 1, "would be adequate to meet the current situ- ation caused by the war." An initial 10 per cent was chopped from newspapers' consumption Jan. 1. The new cut should not work undue hardship on any newspaper "nor han- dicap its essential service to the na- tion in war time," said a joint state- ment by W. G. Chandler, director of the printing and publishing division, and Donald J. Sterling, consultant on the newspaper and publishing indus- tries. ' whose labors affect interstate com- merce. The order made no change in this law or in union agreements call- ing for overtime pay. "For the duration of the war," the order said, "no plant, factory or other place of employment shall be deemed to be making the most effective util- ization of its manpower if the mini- mum work week therein is less thap,, 48 hours per week." The President empowered Chair- man Paul V. McNutt of the War Manpower Commission to formulate general policies carrying out the or- der and authorized him to establish a longer or shorter work week in WASHINGTON, Feb. 9.--(P)-- A compulsory "back - to - the - farm" movement to help fill a rural labor gap that threatens this year's food production was indicated by James F. Byrnes tonight. The Director of Economic. Sta- bilization said the government felt many farm workers who had taken war jobs should return to the farm. He hinted that if they refused, the government might take steps to cancel their draft deferment. special cases where he finds such ac- tion would "more effectively contrib- ute to the war effort." As the first step to carry out the directive, McNutt limited its imme- diate application to 32 cities in which, he said, there was a labor shortage. These communities include Detroit and Manitowoc, Wis. It was indicated the list would be broadened later. Simultaneously with issuance of the order, Director James F. Byrnes of the. Economic Stabilization Board went on the radio to discuss the place of the order in a general administra- tion program of fighting inflation and prosecuting the war. Turn to Page 6, Col. 6 .Daily Staff Issues ' Call For Tryouts By CHARLOTTE CONOVER WAAC's and WAVES have proved it, bomber plant assembly lines have proved it, and now college newspapers are proving it-that the woman's chance has really come. Because The Michigan Daily staff, along with other college and metro- politan newspapers, has been hit by the war, opportunities for University women to receive practical journal- istic experience on The Daily, are greater than they have ever been. With Daily men being called to the armed services every week, positions on the general news, business, and advertising staffs are opening con- ACTION WITH RAF: Margaret Bourke-White Will Speak on Photography Tonight j ALL MALE STUDENTS TAKE NOTE: Manpower Corps To Hold New Registration Drive 0- Her first appearance in the United States since covering the historic Roosevelt-Churchill meeting in Casa- blanca, Margaret Bourke - White, world-famous woman photographer, will discuss "Shooting the War with the RAF" at 8:15 p.m. tonight in Hill Auditorium. Miss Bourke-White, in addition to the latest news from the African war front, will bring first-hand informa- tion of the bombardment activities of the Royal Air Force. Attached to the Eighth Air Force Bomber Command, she has had many experiences pho- tographing bombing raids, American Rangers in action and Commandos preparing for "Second Front" attacks. She is probably best known for her books and for her photographs in tinually. Students who show ability, industry, and responsibility will be given the first chance to fill these vacancies. Working on The Daily presents the newspaper in three of its most impor- tant aspects, news writing, advertis- ing, and business. All men and women interested in reporting, editorial writing, newspa- per typography and make-up, adver- tising and business routine, salesman- ship and lay-out work are urged to There will be a meeting of try- outs for the general news staff of The Daily at 4:15 p.m. today. Stu- dents interested in The Daily bus- iness staff are asked to meet at 4:15 p.m. tomorrow in the Student Publications Building. In line with a wide array of new projects planned for the second se- mester, the Manpower Mobilization Corps will hold a ne* registration drive Friday. venient campus locations, he said. They will be at the West Engineering Building Arch, in the lobby of Angell Hall and in the lobby of the Union. to all fraternity houses by Manpower representatives. That fraternity which turns in the most registrants' names on a percentage basis will be rewarded with a Manpower Corps I irm m m m m m a