PAM FOtt T~iMIIGAN DA-IL- E-RIbA-Z AMRUS 1942 Fifty-Third Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Published every morning except Monday during the regular University year, and every morning except Mon- day and Tuesday during the summer session. Member of The Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights of repub- lication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second-class mail matter. Subscriptions during the regular school year by car- rier $4.25, by mail $5.25. Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1942-43 REPRESENTED FOR NATiON..L ADVER11,.4. . National Advertising Service, Inc. College Publishers Representative 420 MADIsoN AVE. NEW YORK. N. Y. CHICAGO * BOSTON . LOS ANGELES . SAN FRANCISCO Editorial Staff Fox hole Bud Brimmer . Leon Gordenker Marion Ford. Charlotte Conover Betty Harvey James Conant. Elizabeth Carpente Pat Gehlert Jeanne Lovett Martha Opsion Sybil Permutter Molly Winokur MaigOry Wolfson Barbara Peterson hosalie Frank . . . . . . Editorial Director . . . . . . City Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor . * . . Women's Editor . . . . . .. Columnist Business Staff r . . . Local Advertising . . . . , . Circulation £ettepi to 4/ei ...&/i t.or ties to talk to them about the war in effecting this change. They and what they are looking forward have at their command the Thinking..tatrthemost "scholastic" manpower needed to after it is over. For he been to carry out the great educa- SNOTED for its genuinely liberal part the discussions have been tional program. They have in editorial policy, The Michigan very disappoihting to me, their ranks many students now Daily has always fostered the I was formerly under the im- awaiting call to the armed serv- cause of the minorities when it pression that when a fellow en- ices who can become powerful deemed them right. In the poll- tered the service and donned a influences in effecting this tax issue, in the European perse- uniform he would automatically change when they do get in the cutions, and more recently, in the become impressed with the inime- service. Negro-faculty problem (I wareyn diateness and importance of his So the brunt of this task falls sorry to see Jason drop it so task and thereby he would try to the colleges and their students. quickly) The Daily has shown Un- to figure out just what kind of a It is the job of every college stu- limited spirit and fight. war we are fighting and what the dent who is preparing himself issues at stake are. with the knowledge of what this For this record it deserves But unfortunately that is not war is all about. the case. I have talked with fel- This knowledge will serve two However, as far as intelligent. lows who have said that the purposes. It will enable the farsighted post-war planning is only reason they fight for Amer- prospective soldier when in serv- concerned, the Daily editorial ica is because they live here and ice to serve as a powerful influ- writers are proving disgustingly not in Geirmany. Others say we ence in welding the opinions of weak. In the past month there are sharpening our knives to the armed services into liberal, have been very few editorials on take on Russia as soon as we constructive thought. It will also the most important post-war dispose of Germany. Still others serve as a reservoir of faith and problems. are §o inflicted with that Amer- determination with which to The approaching United Na- ican disease known as propa- face the difficult times of the tions food conference, the plans ganda complex that they can't future. for some type of world govern- bring themselves to see any I realize that already many de- ment, the NRPB's 700-page re- essential difference between the mands for aiding the war effort port, and the international eco- ethical concepts of German Nazi- are made on your time. But this nomic plans have not received ism and Anerlean democracy. is a demand which will result In their merited discussion from DO NOT think I am being too important and lasting benefit to the Dal editorialists. Thisi s pessimistic when I say that all concerned. Yours for a better disastrous when it is considered there are many both in military world, that these vital topics must be and in civilian life who share A.C.S. Warren R. Laufe, argued and debated time and these opinions. This is most un- Former Chairman, time again before any agree- fortunate. These attitudes and Post-War Council ment can possibly be reached. opinions are going to be fatal ob- : * * Your duty as a newspaper is to structions to make the results of advance ideas. Let's have some this war a better world and a last- Slo s Brter Guns constructive thinking on post-war ingpeace. In addition they pre- The Czechoslovak Press Bureau policy. -Jane O'Neill vent the whole-hearted coopera- in London says the Nazis have * * - tion with our allies which is nec- withdrawn two Slovak battalions Toessary to bring this war to a which were formed to fight guer- Task of Colleges speedy and successful conclusion. rillas in the Ukraine "because THE CLASS from the air force They must be changed if we as a most of the Slovak soldiers sold came and I went. I am now an nation are going to make the their weapons to the partisans and air-crew student taking my basic maximum contribution to the bartered them for food And cig- pre-flight training at Catamba United Nations' cause and if we arettes." ' College in North Carolina. In the are going to accept our responsi- Nevertheless, it said, of 30,000 past six weeks I have marched and bility for maintaining the future men drafted in Slovakia and sent drilled and lived with thousands of peace of the world. to the Eastern front, more than other soldiers and during that It is the peculiar opportunity 19,000 have been killed, wounded time I have had many opportuni- of the colleges to play a big part or lost. -PM DAILY OFFIC BULLETIN Service * . Contracts * . . . Accounts . . . National Advertising Promotion . . Classified Advertising . Women's Business Manager Telephone 23-24-1 W- NIGHT EDITOR: VIRGINIA ROCK Editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. KID- .qj~# ~ RACIAL ISSUE: U.S. Must Recognize Negro Economic Rights AMERICA'S ability to solve her own problems of racial minorities may well be a test of her ability to win this war and to lay the founda- tions of a lasting peace. If we do not recognize the valid claims of the Negroes now, we shall have lost the war; for we shall later have to face another and more terrible war, a war of color.. In June, 1941, one week after the passage of the Lend-Lease Act, the Negroes, North and South, were threatening to march on Washing- ton to get relief from discrimination both in the armed forces and in industry. President Roosevelt, realizing they would make good this threat, listened to the pleas of A. P. Randolph, head of the March on Wash- ington Committee, and signed Executive Order No. 8802, which amounts to a B ill of Economic Rights for Negroes. It reads, "There shall be no discrimination in the employment of work- ers in defense industries or in government be- cause of race, creed, color or national origin." The second thing the President did was to appoint the Fair Employment Practices Com- mittee, empowered to investigate violations of Order No. 8802 and to "take appropriate steps to redress grievances." The Committee is com- posed of five notable men and two Negro leaders. THE FEPC is both one of the most significant and 'one of the frailest of Mr. Rosevelt's wartime creation. It has continuously starved for funds, and has, therefore, never been able to deal with more than a fraction of the violations reported to it. Nevertheless, the FEPC, aided by the tight- ening scarcity of war workers, has made sub- stantial progress. Between June 25, 1941, when Order No. 8802 was signed and Janu- ary, 1943, Negro workers have obtained many thousands of jobs. One of the recalcitrant firms called by the FEPC at its Chicago hearings in January, 1942, was the Heil Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which then had only two Negroes among its 2,130 employes. Eight months later there were 1,440 Negroes in the plant. The company's man- ager reported that the Negroes were taking an interest in their work and that there was no friction in the plant. The FEPC has cracked open a good many industries, hitherto closed to Negroes, notably the young, tough aircraft industry. Glenn Martin declared that he didn't have time for the job of getting black workers into the plants; but by August, 1942, the Glenn Mar- tin plant at Fort Crook, Nebraska, was em- ploying 300 Negroes. THE FEPC broke through even stiffer opposi- tion with the Lockheed Vega Corporation, which has a closed shop contract with the Inter- national Association of Machinists, and accepts no Negro members. But the IAM issued permits to Negro workers and the Lockheed Company now employs over 500 of them. There is rarely any friction because of Ehle employment of Negro workers. Dozens of per- sonnel directors who said it couldn't be done have found themselves doing it, and the ex- pected black-white trouble has wholly failed to materialize. The myth that whites and blacks cannot or will not work amicably together has long since been exploded by some of the largest and best known employers in America. Among these are the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. DREW PEARSON CS MERRY-GO-ROUND WASHINGTON, April 23.-With American planes increasing their bombing tempo over Eu- rope, it is now permissible to lift the curtain and reveal the true picture of British versus Ameri- can bombing methods; also to answer the ques- tion, "Where is the Luftwaffe?" It is generally known that the British send out their bombing missions at night, and the Amiericans, operate in the daytime. But it is not generally known that the British still think their methods superior, in the face of highly successful American performance. Also it is not known that as recently as the con- ference at Casablanca, Churchill argued with Major Gen. Ira Eaker for two hours in an effort to convert him to night bombing. Churchill used all his persuasive magnetism to press home the point that American bombers require fighter escort for daylight protection, that they need such heavy armor and armament that their bomb load is only a third or a fourth of the British, and that bad weather prevents precision bombing a large part of the tiie. But Gen. Eaker held his ground. He has been fully supported by Gen. H. H. "Hap" Arnold, Chief of the Air Forces, with the result that American methods will not be changed. Inside fact about this friendly Allied argument is that American methods are rapidly proving superior to British. Key to the whole question is the damage done to the enemy. American planes are not only hitting their targets with remarkable precision, but they are drawing into action so many Nazi fighters, and knocking so many out of the sky, that the Luftwaffe is grad- ually disintegrating. War's Most Sensational News This is no figure of speech. Actually it is the most sensational news of the war. The Ameri- can Air Force in Britain has received informa- tion on Germany's air power-or lack of it- which indicates that Nazi fighter planes are being destroyed so rapidly that there must be a complete turnover just about every four months. In other words, Allied forces are now de- stroying the total German fighter stirength at the rate of about three times a year. This means that all the German fighters in exist- ence on Jan. 1 should be destroyed by April 30, and Germany should have left only those fighters built since Jan. 1. Obviously it is desirable to strike the aircraft plants producing the fighters, which may be the reason behind the recent American raid on the Focke-Wulf plant in Bremen, a city which the British have raided a score of times without knocking out that plant. Here again is the difference between "area bombing" and "precision bonbing" The Brit- ish send over a great weight of bombs and lay down a blanket which is supposed to cover everything for acres. But they missed the vital Focke-Wulf plant, which the American bonib- ers, with smaller bomb loads, knocked out by the simple process of turning the bombsight on the target, in broad daylight, and then letting go with everything. "Suicidal" U.S. Raids This accuracy has amazed the British without convincing them. They were first amazed last Aim-,.fims a. ,,nflp mpip ncz onmz. Prfiz I'd Rather L Be Right By SAMUEL GRAFTON NEW YORK, April 23.-One English publica- tion, The Economist, thinks Hitler is trying to "polarize" the forces of the Left and Right in the allied countries. That is, he wants Left and Right in America, and in England, and in other countries, to gather around opposite poles, or standards, of their own, as compact groups, opposing each other, suspi- cious of each other, standing in the way of each other. France was "polarized" in 1940. And she fell. There is still an echo of this polarization in the conflict between the de Gaulle group- ing and the Giraud grouping. But there is'a louderecho in the conflict between both of these, taken together, and the Vichy grouping. (The thing came into the open in Algeria, about two months ago, when the playing of the Soviet anthem, the Internationale, on Radio Algiers, made a scandal among rightist French officials, who filed a formal protest with Aieri- can officers. It was a curiously revealing inci- dent, for at that very moment Russians were killing the German enemies of France in quan- tity.) Poland is being expertly "polarized" by the Germans, with their statement of last week that they ,had found the graves of 10,000 Polish offi- cers who were, the Germans swear on their somewhat tarnished honor, "murdered by the Russians." Two Polish papers in London have squared off on opposite sides of this issue, one attacking the Soviets, the other more or less defending. When polarization goes far enough it becomes hard to remember that it was the Germans who first declared war on Poland, and set up the business of murdering Poles. Yugoslavia is visibly "polarized." There are increasing signs of "polarization" in China. Soinetimes, when the wind is right, and I hear an Ainerican Congessman wondering whether Mt. Roosevelt is not aiming at the creation of a "radical world," with himself in charge, I think maybe there are poles being set up in this country too, and the begining of group- ments about them. Over the last week-end, the president of an American university said to an important audi- ence that the fight for the four freedoms was maybe too epkensive to permit'continuation of the free enterprise system. That statement can only make conservative opinion sit down and brood about how the war goes, Which way the world wags, and so on, from et petera to gloomy et cetera. Yet, Adolf ,Hitler plays this "polarization" game both ways. It had been whispered that the Hungarian government, if you can call it that, hates Russia but would, perhaps, welcome an English-American invasion of the Balkans. This week Hitler called Hungary's regent, Ad- miral Horthy, into conference, and a press state- ment Was later 'issued, saying that "Hungary as well as Italy and Rumania . . . are making no distinction between the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union's western allies, who are both pursuing the same aim.". ... We of-the United Nations are all the same, you see. No polariza- tion allowed, in Hungary. Hitler does his best to build up,' in us, the feeling that we must recognize deep differ- ences between ourselves and Russia. and in FRIDAY, APRIL 23, 1943 VOL. LIII No. 146 All notices for the Daily Official Bul- letin are to be sent to the Office of the President in typewritten form by 3 :30 p.m. of the day preceding its publica- tion, except on Saturday kwhen the no- tices should be submitted by 11:30 a.m. Notices War Bonds: Buy your War Bonds for April at University Cashier's Office. Or- ders may be sent through campus mail. University War Bond Committee Note to Seniors, May Graduates, and Graduate Students: Please file application for degrees or any special certificates (i.e. Geology Certificate, Journalism Certifi- cate, etc.) at once if you expect to receive a degree or certificate at Commencement on May 29, 1943. We cannot guarantee that the University will confer a degree or certificate at Commencement upon any studentwho fails to filesuch application before the close of business on Thursday, April 29. If application is received later than April 29, your degree or certificate may not be awarded until next fall. Candidates for degrees or ceitificates may fill out cards at once at office of the secretary or recorder of their own school or college (students enrolled in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, School of Music, School of Education, and School of Public Health, please note that application blanks may be obtained and filied in the Registrar's Office, Room 4, University Hall). Please do not delay until the last day, as all diplomas and certificates must be lettered and signed, and we shall be great- ly helped in this work by the early filing of applications and the resulting longer period for preparation. The filing of these applications does not involve the payment of any fee whatso- ever. Shirley W. Smith Commencement Tickets: Tickets for Commencement may be obtained on re- quest after May 10 at the Information Desk in the Business Office, Room 1, University Hall. Because Hill Auditorium will be used for the exercises, and because of its limited seating capacity, only three tickets will be available for each senior. Please present identification card when applying for tickets. Herbert G. Watkins, Assistant Secretary If you wish to finance the purchase of a home, or if you have purchased improved property on a land contract and owe a balance of approximately 60 per cent of the value or the property, the investment Of- fice, 100 South Wing of University Hall, would be glad to discuss financing through the medium of a first mortgage. Such fi- nancing may effect a substantial saving in interest. to become the "pole" of extremely rightist opinion in the West; actu- ally, Spanish fascism has long per- formed that function for Hitler, creating divisions among us as early as 1936. School of Education Faculty: The regu- lar meeting of the faculty will be held on Monday, April 26, in the University Elementary School Library. Tea will be served at 3:45 p.m. and the meeting willI convene at 4:15 p.m. Ground for Victory Gardens provided by the University on the Botanical Gar-I den site cannot be plowed and made' I available until next week. Watch the DOB for further notice. 0. E. Roszel Seniors in Aeronautical Engineering: There 'will be available in the Department of Aeronautical Engineering, for the Sum- ner Term of 1943, two Frank P. Sheehan 3cholarships. The selection of candidates for these scholarships is made very largely on the basis of scholastic standing. Stu- dents wishing to make application should address a letter to. Dr. A. M. Kuethe, B-47 East Engineering Building, giving aj brief statement of their qualificationsI and experience in regard to both their scholastic work and Any outside experi- once they may have had. A statement should also be made giving their plans for further study in Aeronautical Engi- neering. Applications will be received up to May 5, 1943. Juniors and Seniors in Aeronautical En- gincering: There will be available in the Department of 'Aeronautical Engineering for the Summer Term of 1943 student assistAntships. The selection of candi- dates for these assistantships is made very largely on the basis of scholatic standing. Students wishing to' make application should address a letter to Dr. A. M. Kuethe, B-47 East Engineering Building, Letters should include a statement of courses taken in Aeronautical Engineering. Applications will be received up to May 10, 1943. Seniors in Aeronautical Engineering. and Mathematical Physicists: A repre- sentative of the McDonnell Aircraft Cor- poration, St. Louis, Missouri, will inter- view May and September graduates for positions on Friday, April 30. Interested men will please sign the interview sched- ule posted on the Aeronautical Engineer- Ing Building. Interviews will be held in Room 3205 East Engineering Building. Lectures University Lecture: Professor W. Carl Rufus Of the Department of Astronomy will lecture on the subject, "Copernicus, Polish Astronomer, 1473-1543" (Illustrated) in commemoration of the 400th annivers- ary of the death of Copernicus, under the auspices of the Department of Astronoiy, today at 4:15 p.m. in Rackham Amiphi- theatre. The public is invited. Lecture: Dr. Jose I. Perdomo, from Col- ombia, will give the sixth of a series of talks on Latin America on the subject, "Survey on Colombian Folk-Music," un- der the auspices of the Latin American Society of the University of Michigan, on Tuesday, April 27, at 8:00 p.m. in the Rackham Assembly Room. Faculty, students 'and townspeople are welcome to the lecture, which will be de- livered in English and without charge. day. May 1, at 1:00 p.m. Students will meet in the auditorium of the University High School. The examination 1ill con- sume about four hours' time; promptness Is therefore essential. Teacher's Certificate, May 1943 Candi- dates: The Comprehensive Examination in Education will be given on Saturday, May ,l from 1:30 to 4:30 in the auditorium of University High School. Printed irifor- mation regarding the examination 1nay be secured in the School of Education Office. Doctoral Examination for Frank Jones Lockhart. Chemical Engineering; thesis: "Liquid-Liquid Extraction: Effect of Time and Concentration on Over-All Transfer Coefficients," will be held today in 13201 East- Engineering, at 3:0 Op.m. Chairman, fa. G. Brown. By action of the Executive Board, the chairman may Invite members of the faculties and advanced doctoral candidates to attend the examination and he may grant permission to those who for suffi- cient reason might wish to be present. C. S. Y oak Concerts The Annual Good Friday Organ Recital will be heard at 4:15 p.m. 'today in Hill Auditorium. It will be given by' Palinner Christian, University Organist, and will iholude music in keeping with the day. Dr. Christian will be assisted in the pro- gram by Sara Titus, violinist, and a wom- en's chorus from the Madrigal Singers. The general public is invited. harp Recital: Lynne Palmer will direct tier students in a recital of music for the harp at 8:30 p.m. on Easter Sunday, April 25, in Lydia Mendelssohi Theate. The p)rogram will consist of works by'Salzedo, Chopin, Pierne. Bach and Clementi. The public is cordially invited. Exhibitions The twentieth annual exhibition of work by artists of Ann Arbor and vicinity Is being presented by the Ann Arbor Art Association in the Exhibition Galleries of the Rackham Building, through -today. The public is cordially invited. Exhibition, College of Architecture and Design: Townsite projects and housing plans for the Willow Run area showiPg photo- graphs, drawings, models, and cost data. Both professional projects and student studies are shown, Third floor Exhibition Room, Architecture BuildIng. Open daily 9 to 5 except Sunday through April 30. The public is invited. Events Today House athletic managers or - exercise managers will meet today at 5:00 p.m. in the Dance Studio at Barbour Gymnasium. If the manager is unable to be present. please send a substitute, since an impor- tant announcement will be made and every house should be represented. Surgical Dressing Unit .willbe open to- day ,from 1:00 to 5i00 p.m. in the Game I