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VOL. LIII, No. 117 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, MARCH 20, 1943

PRICE FIVE CENTS

Union Strike
Called Off
in Detroit
Strike Threatened
19 Communities with
Loss of Light, Gas
DETROIT, March 19.- (A)- A
Consumers Power Company strike,
scheduled for midnight tonight, was
called off at virtually the eleventh
hour.
The Regional War Labor Board
early tonight issued a directive to
he Michigan Joint Committee of
he Utilities Workers Organizing
Committee (CIO) not to proceed
with strike plans, and the Union's
Executive Committee immediately
decided to abide by the order.
Had the strike got underway,
war production in industrial sou-
thern Michigan cities would have
been hampered and the supply of
electricity and gas to 19 communi-
ties would have been cut off.
The WLB's directive followed un-
successful attempts to mediate the
dispute. Conciliators held confer-
ences yesterday and today with com-
pany and union officials but no
agreement was reached.
Harold J. Straub, New York,
chairman of the national union, said
there would be sufficient time to
call off the proposed strike, despite
the fact that plans for the walkout
had been completed. He said it
would take less than three hours to
contact all union members.
The WLB said its directive applied
to any interruption of operations
and "specifically to the strike vote
taken by the Utility Workers Michi-
gan State Joint Council on March
14, 1943, tobecome effective March
19, 1943, at 11:59 p.m."
The WLB ordered that the dis-
pute, which centers on the applica-
tion ofthe union dueq check-off, be
submitted toarbitration, with the
parties agreeing uponan arbitrator
to interpret the section of the con-
tract in dispute.
FDR Foresees
No Immediate
Labor Drafting
Khox Suggests Need
For More Manpower
Has Been Exaggerated
WASHINGTON, March 19.- (p)-
President Roosevelt indicated today
that he saw ng immediate need for
compulsory labor service, and later
a cabinet officer suggested that pos-
sibly industry's manpower needs-had
been overestimated.
The latter observation came from
Secretary of the Navy Knox who
asked this rhetorical question at a
press conference:
. "Isn't it true that the speed of
produetion of all implements of war
has exceeded expectations because
manufacturers when they got into
production found they could produce
far more rapidly than the original
estimates? This has a bearing on
the manpower situation. All esti-
mates of how much manpower is
needed for production should be re-
viewed with this in mind."
Estimates from manpower author-
ities earlier this year were that the
munitions industry would need1,-
800,000 additional workers-in 1943.
However, Chairman6Donald M. Nel-
son of the War Production Board

told a Senate committee last week
that arms production would reach
its peak next fall with demands for
workers slackening at that time.
Mr. Roosevelt said the nation
might have to come to compulsory
labor service but he hoped not and
favored putting it off as long as pos-
sible.
His press conference summary
came at a moment when the Senate
military committee, considering such
legislation to make civilians draft-
able for war work, was hearing a
plea from Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker
for a tremendously speeded' effort
lest a prolonged conflict leave the
nation but a skeleton of itself.
City Contributes 54,080
Pounds of Tin in a Day
Fifty-four thousand and eighty
pounds of tin cans collected yester-
day, raised Ann Arbor's contribution
to the war effort to a total of 127,280
pounds.
Counting the collections from
Ypsilanti, Chelsea, Milan and Saline,
the total for Washtenaw county now

'Strictly G1' Makes
DebutL Tomorrow
Tomorrow's the day when
"Strictly GI"-the answer to the
Servicemen's need-makes Its first
appearance under the head of
"The Michigan Daily."
Eight pages in tabloid form
filled with photos, cartoons, fea-
tures, editorials and general news
items will make up the first sup-
plement designed for the lads in
blue and khaki.
In future issues there'll be con-
tributions used from servicemen
who have a knack with camera or
typewriter.
Manpower May
Extend to Hiolh
School Students
Borman Says Junior
Group Would Work
With 'U' Organization
A committee of Ann Arbor High
School students are now investigat-
ing a junior. Manpower Corps to
work with the University organiza-
tion, Mary Borman, Manpower head
said yesterday.
The whole plan was presented to
the high school student council
Wednesday and met their "whole-
hearted" approval. In his discus-
sion with high school leaders, Bor-
man pointed out that the available
supply of University men for war
jobs was rapidly becoming depleted
by the draft and the ERC orders.
The Manpower offices, their pub-
licity department, and filing system
will be used by the younger students.
who will work with college students
at the hospital, in restaurants, on
farms and collecting scrap.
High school students will probably
work before and after school, but
school authorities may allow the
most capable ones to work during
their study periods. Thus far only
the Ann Arbor High School has act-
ed upon the suggestion, but Borman
expects other schools to follow the
Ann Arbor High's lead and join the
movement.
The high school group will work
with the Corps, but it will have its
own organization and will elect its
own leaders to direct the work.
Hen's Congress
To Give Award

Dean Lloyd
'Says 'Stay
In School'
Questionnaires Will Be
Sent Out To Discover
Coeds' Summer Plans
Stressing the need for women to
accelerate their program and stay in
summer school, Dean Alice Lloyd
yesterday distributed, at a meeting
in the League of the house presidents
of all women's residences, question-
naires which will determine the num-
ber of coeds planning to enroll in
the summes semester.
Dean Lloyd spoke to all those pres-
ent, emphasizing that even though a
student may be majoring in English,
she can assume a "war minor" which
would consist of a year of chemistry
or physics, or some similar course. In
this way a coed may prove useful in
that field upon graduation.
The two alternatives Dean Lloyd
set forth for every college woman for
the summer were either to take ad-
vantage of the accelerated college
program by attending summer school,
or otherwise to spend the entire four
months in a war industry or some
vital social service field. Above all she
stressed that this was not a summer
to spend vacationing or idling the
time away.
Dean Lloyd also pointed out that
in one department at Cornell 98 per
cent of the women signed up for the
summer session, in order that they
would be available for war jobs where
trained women were needed, as soon
as possible.
Coeds are to indicate on their
questionnaires whether or not they
plan on attending the 15 week se-
Turn to Page 4, Col. 2
Committee Gets
Labor Measure
Bill Studied To Prevent
Labor Interference
WASHINGTON, March 19.- ()-
A sweeping labor measure, outlaw-
ing any union rule or practice which
"interferes with the full utilization"I
of the nation's manpower, was sentI
to the House Military Committee
today while Congress weighed a pro-
test against organization of indus-
trial foremen.I
Rep. Smith (Dem.-Va.), author of
the legislation, said the Military
Committee promised public hear-
ings "soon"-possibly next week.
Smith said the bill would prevent
foremen'saunions in war plants.
President C. E. Wilson of General
Motors Corp., has demanded action
to halt formation of such unions.
Wilson contended they interfere with
"vital war production and sound la-
bor relations."
The National Labor Relations
Board had notified him, Wilson said
in telegrams to House Committees,
that the Foreman's Association of
America is seeking recognition as the
exclusive bargaining agent for all
foremen in General Motors' Detroit
Diesel Engine Division.


I

American Troops Take El Guetar

In astward Drive

oward Coast;

Russian.4.
German Military
Might Decisive in
Gains in Upper
Donets River Area
By The Associated Press
LONDON, March 20, Saturday-I
Outnumbered Russian troops bat-
tling countless German tank and
infantry assaults were forced back
again and lost two populated places
to the Nazis in bitter fighting on the
Southern Front, Moscow announced
early today.
The German High Command an-
nounced the capture yesterday of
the strategic rail center of Belgorod,
50 miles above Kharkov, but the
midnight Russian bulletin did not
confirm this. Instead, the Russian
midnight communique recordedby
the Soviet Monitor, indicated that
the two abandoned localities were on
the Upper Donets River in the sec-
tor southeast of Kharkov.
Russian troops also were forced
back in the middle sector of the
Donets River line, presumably in the
Izyum sector, but the communique
said a decisive Red Army counter-
attack wiped out the temporary Nazi
gains.
On the Central Front, continued
Russian gains in the drive on Smo-
lensk were reported with the capture
of additional hamlets, but the com-
munique said German resistance had
stiffened in the Izdeshkovo sector
75 miles northeast of Smolensk
where the Germans were "making
use of previously prepared posi-
tions."
For weeks now the Russians have
been holding generally all along the
170-mile Donets River line, beating
off furious German assaults. At one
point Nazi infantrymen forced the
river, but were hurled back and at
no place have they been able to
effect a bridgehead across the thaw-
ing river, front dispatches said late
last night.

Driven

Back

by

Nazis

U.S. Troops Advanc? in Tunisia
ZW ,O -1.t ....
Fenans 0 SFAX ...
S M nassy
R~d*d. GGuls
Re * fs ab s.. .......
m tao :H -flii.
GABES
Tozeu-
-'14
\%rmkM - kTaahoune
Plan Flanking Attack
..........
American troops in North1 Africa advanced yesterday to capture
El Guetar, at the entrance to the vital Guetaria pass, 12 miles to the
southeast of Gafsa (1), lengthening Gen. Patton's advance to 42 miles
in two days. Meanwhile IGen. Montgomery, commander of the British
Eighth Army, has launched a four-division assault on the Mareth Line
and was sending strong reinforcements against the Nazi right flank (2).
'Do n'(Sell1HalIsey Sh"Or t

ClFub'-1

Gains, Members

By J. NORMAN LODGE
Associated Press Correspondent
U. S. SOUTH PACIFIC BASE,
March 19.-The "Don't Sell Halsey
Short Club" is gaining new members
rapidly and with apparent good rea-
son.
The club is composed of those per-
sons-civilian and military-Lwho be-
lieve Admiril William S. Halsey's
New Year's prediction of complete
victory over Japan this year is a
possibility.
.Admiral Halsey made the predic-
tion to me as 1942 waned. Published

Winners To
On Basis of

Be Chosen
War Work

Prof. Wood Endorses President's
Plan for Post-War Adjustment

Men's Congress, the organization
of all unaffiliated men on campus,
will present an award to the two in-
dependent men who have made the
greatest contribution to the war ef-
fort on campus, Norton L. Norris, '43,
president, announced yesterday.
Winners of the award, to be known
as the Men's Congress Award, will be
announced next week. Men who have
already been inducted into the armed
forces are eligible. The Executive,
Council of Congress will make the
final decision as to the winners.

EQUINOX APPROACHES:
Spring To Begin Officially
At 8:903 Tomorrow Morning

According to calendar, tomorrow
will be the first day of spring.
Astronomically speaking this event
is known as the vernal equinox and
will take place at 8:03 a.m. Eastern
War Time. At that time the sun will
shine perpendicularly on the earth's
equator and will illuminate both the
north pole and the south pole.
The explanation given by astron-
omers for this phenomenon is that
the center of the sun as is makes its
annual journey eastward along the'
ecliptic (the apparent path) crosses
the celestial equator from the south
side to the north and thus shines
perpendicularly on the earth's equa-
tor.
The statement is usually made, and
not challenged, that day and night
are equal at the time of the equi-
noxes (venral and autumnal), said
Dr. W. Carl Rufus, head of the as-
tronomy department. "However," he
added, "that is not exactly true." In
Ann Arbor the day will be nearly ten
minutes longer than the night be-
cause the refraction of the earth's
atmosphere bends the rays of light;
this makes us see the sun before it is
actually above the horizon, and we

Arbor, and as the north pole an en-
tirely different phenomenon occurs.
There the sunrise comes a little be-
fore the time of the vernal equinox
and the sunset follows a little after
the autumnal equinox so the day is
over six months in length.
But Hail and Ice
Greet New Season
University students sat down and
took notice of the weather yesterday1
as a premature spring turned into
something unclassifiable.
A steady drizzle following an all-
night hail covered Ann Arbor side-
walks with a deceptive layer of ice
and, subsequently, a deceived layer
of sprawling forms.
Swathed once again in scarves and
winter coats, students trod gingerly
on the glassy paths and tried to hit
upon the best technique for staying
in a vertical position. The timid took
to the grass but the brave, and there
were many brave, took a running
start and slid happily from class to
class.
A difficult time was had by the

(Editor's note: This is the second
in a series of articles aimed to inter-
pret for the students President Roose-
velt's blueprint for the future and
post-war economy proposal. , In this
article Prof. Arthur E. Wood of the
sociology department discusses the
President's report.)
By JEAN RICHARDS
Saying that the objectives of the
plan are "unquestionably sound,"
Prof. Arthur E. Wood of the depart-
ment of sociology whole-heartedly
endorsed the President's new cradle
to grave proposal yesterday.
"I believe it 'is very essential to
have some idea of such a plan for
social adjustment after the war," he
said, "and there is an extreme neces-
sity for making whatever plan we
undertake uniform among all
states."
Discusses Proposal
Discussing some of the individual
proposals of the plan, he declared
that "the spectacle of converting an
army of the defenders of democracy
into an army of unemployed is un-
thinkable. No one in his senses
could object to giving work to re-
turning men to carry them over until
industry can absorb them."
He expressed the belief that the
provision for the extension of unem-
ployment and old age benefits is also
sound.
"As for the youth program, it
touches one of the most vital points
in our whole system," he said in ref -
erence to the proposal to make edu-
cation more easilytaccessible for
youth upon completion of compul-
sory school attendance. He pointed
out that it is after this period that
the highest crime rate prevails, and,
that whatever can be done by the
government for the further educa-
tion of that group is in the nature of
national defense.
Centralization Inevitable
Concerning a proposal for greater
centralization of powers, such as
would be brought about by certain
phases of the plan, he declared that

ganizationbhas obliterated distance.'
Asked about the difficulty of fin-I
ancing such a plan, he said, "It
would be absurd to put billions into
war and not have a fraction of that
amount for purposes of peace."
"Moreover, people inclined to see
politics in this proposal are inher-
ently disposed against it in the first
place," he continued. He called at-
tention to the fact that the plan
was non-political in origin. "The
National Resources Planning Board
is a high-minded group of social sci-
entists thinking in terms of national
welfare."
"To snare this blueprint for the
future as just another New Deal pro-
gram is to reveal a tragic and dismal
ignorance of our national situation
and need," he said.
Senate Urged
To Cooperate
FDR Wants To Support
United Nations Plans
WASHINGTON, March 19.-(I)-
President Roosevelt encouraged the
Senate today to express willingness
for the United States to join with
other nations in maintaining future
peace, saying such a pronouncement
to the world might be helpful.
. At a press conference, the Chief
Executive also indicated that ex-
changes among the United Nations
on post-war planning have progress-
ed to the point where three or four
formal conferences on economic and
financial matters may be initiated
soon.
The first of these is to be con-
cerned with long-range problems of
food production and distribution and
is expected to be convened within
the next two months. A tentative
date has been suggested, but Mr.

in the United States, it brought vary-
ing reactions-from lukewarmness
to absolute criticism.
Fifteen days later Halsey reiter-
ated his statements in New Zea-
land. Then, with 350 days left in
which to fulfill his unqualified-
prognostication, he said, "The
handwriting is on the wall. Japan's
next move will be retreat. They
will keep on retreating."
Within a month the Japanese had
evacuated Guadalcanal and Munda,
once a Japanese stronghold, was
being laid waste by American bomb-
ers.
Today, with nine months to make
good the :ssertions-they definitely
were not boasts-the Halsey band-
wagon is becoming over-crowded.
With the capitulation of Guadal-
canal the United Nations have been
provided with space for additional
fighter strips, and bombers, which
have been forced to work out of more
southerly , islands without fighter
protection, now are afforded fighter
umbrellas, as shown in the recent
New Guinea air battle when we
downed 82 Rising Sun planes while
losing only four, according to official
communiques.
Blanche Channel between New
Georgia and Rendova Island, once
skirted by our bombers, now is a
private airplane through which our
heavy planes daily batter Kolomban-
gara, Gizo, Ballale and Vella Lavella.
The only whistle at the erstwhile
stop of Munda is the whistle of fall-
ing American bombs. The Japanese
decidedly are not digging in at that
plane.
This correspondent's inexpert guess
is that the enemy has entrenched at
Bougainville, much nearer the equa-
tor than Guadalcanal and covered
more densely with jungle.
But our experienced jungle fight-
ers, Marines and certain Army units,
are better jungle fighters than the
Japanese. And each of them has been
thoroughly rested and is ready for
further offensive action.
With nine months remaining of
this year, Admiral Halsey already
has ccoplihedremarkable re-
sults. In addition to ousting the
enemy from the lower Solomons,
two Naval engagements have blast-
ed the Japanese Navy from a
swaggering armada to an ultra-
careful sea force. And with land
andesea victories, morale has in-
creased on our side, while the
once arrogant enemy appears to
be more docile.
Hence, Halsey has on his side ad-'
ditionally good fighting men and an
excellent Navy and, also working in
his favor, a defection in morale of
the enemy who has felt the first,

Acquire Possible
Route for Attack
In Spite of Floods
On Rommel Army
By EDWARD KENNEDY
Associated Press Correspondent
ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
NORTH AFRICA, March 19.-Amer-
ican troops captured El Guetar, 73
miles northwest of Gabes, at the
entrance of Guetaria Pass, through
which an attack might be made
against Marshal Rommel's flank, and
drove on eastwarc today despite
heavy rains and floods.
The pass is a six-mile stretch of
broken and presently water-logged
terrain between two ranges of hills,
the Jebel Berda and Jebel Chemsi.
General Patton's advance to El Gue-
tar, which lies 12 miles beyond Gafsa,
meant that the Americans had cap-
tured all the territory recently lost
in this sector.
In the pass some miles beyond
American outposts, Italian labor
corps were hastily improving fortifi-
cations.
The British First Army in the
north meanwhile withdrew three
miles from Tamera, a mining town
45 miles southwest of Bizerte, -The
British braced i ntheir stronger posi-
tions, however, and repelled two Ger-
man infantry attacks.
General Montgomery's Eighth Ar-
my veterans continued patroling be-
fore the Mareth Line in the south,
making "slight local adjustments
along the front with little interfer-
ence,"i an Allied communique said.,
(The Ninth U.S. Air Force attacked
Naples, Italian feeder port for the
Tunisian front, twice yesterday, by
day and night. Clouds obscured the
results. The Italians said the out-
skirts of Naples and Syracuse were
bombed and that slight damage was
caused at Noto in Sicily.
Arnoid Made
Full General
First Airman To Get
Army's Highest Rank
WASHINGTON, March 19.-(P)-
The commanding general of the
Army Air Forces, Lieut.-Gen. Henry
Harley Arnold, added another to his
long list of "firsts" in military avia-
tion today when he was made a full
general. He is the first airman to
receive the four stars of the Army's
highest rank.
The President sent his nomination
to the Senate today and within a
few hours it was approved unani-
mously. Thus Arnold became equal
in rank to Gen. George C. Marshall,
Chief of Staff, and the two Ameri-
can Commanders - in - Chief in war
theatres - Douglas MacArthur and
Dwight D. Eisenhower.
The War Department observed:
"The growth of the Air Forces to-
ward the strength of a million and
a half officers and men, the repson-
sibilities of General Arnold for the
maintenance of our air forces fight-
ing in many theatres and his position
as a member of the U.S. joint Chiefs
of Staff made General Arnold's pro-
motion necessary from a command
standpoint and also as a recognition
of outstanding accomplishment."
MacArthur's Pilots
Sink Jap Submarine
ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
AUSTRALIA, March 20. (Saturday)
-3)-General MacArthur's airmen,
persistently seeking out Japanese

targets in the huge arc of invasion
islands north of Australia, surprised
a Japanese submarine unloading
cargo in the Lae, New Guinea, har-
bor Fridaynight and sank it with
four direct bomb hits, a communique
said today.
Meanwhile, the Japanese, who have
been attacking Allied positions along
the northeastern coast of New Gui-
nea, particularly the Oro Bay region,
sent 50 planes over Porlock harbor
near Tufi, 50 miles below recaptured
Buna. They dronned 70 bombs dam.

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