Fifty-Third Yea?
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Editorial Staff

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The Old Gives Way to

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SENATOR GEORGE 'NORRIS:

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2, . . . .


'The Example

We Set'


Homer Swander,
Morton Mintz .,
Will Sapp
George W. Sallade
Charles Thatcher
Bernard Hendel
Barbara deFries
Myron Dann

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. . . . Editorial Director'
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Associate Editor
Associate Editor
. . . . . Sports Editor
. . . . Women's Editor
. . . Associate Sports Editor

Business Staff

Edward J. Perlberg
Fred M. Ginsberg
Mary Lou Curran
Jane Lindberg .
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Business Manager

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(Editor's Note: Following is the text
of an address delivered by Senator
George W. Norris at a diner recently
given in his honor. We believe that in
this "farewell speech" Senator Norris
has proved once more that his thought,
his spirit and his honest humanity are
as vigorous as ever-of the best that
America has produced.)
"!" EOUTCOME of the present
world wai' will determine whe-
ther we are to have a freeworld or
whether a dictator shall make
slaves of all the peoples of the earth
who do not belong to his race. We
will emerge from this contest a free
people or we and our descendants
will become the slaves of a master
who knows neither justice nor mer-
cy.
"In this great world struggle,
where the life of eivilization is at
stake, we will not be able to do our
part in the drawing of the peace
treaty unless we maintain the fires
of human freedom at our own fire-
sides. We must not be so illogical
as to try to impose the principles
of freedom upon other peoples if
we are not practicing' the same phi-
lesophy ourselves.
"It is therefore essential that
whatever advance we have made in
progressive government in our own
country shall be maintained with
jealous care lest we lose the fruits
of our advancement here in the re-
construction days which shall fol-
low the war.
"THE TASK will soon be before
those who believe that they
should rally around the banner of
human progress to see that the
gains we have made at home shall
not be lost in the victory we shall
win abroad.
"The representatives of special
interests= already are attempting, to
frame the future so that, when the
war is won and peace Is made; they
will be in control' of a great. part, If
not all, pf our governmental struc-
ture. Many of them are now in key
positions, waiting for the time to
come to act directly :where they- are
now acting indirectly and in secret,
in controlling our governmental
policies.
"Everyone knows now, if he did
not know it before Japan stabbed
our Nation in the back at Pearl
Harbor, that isolation in this world'
is an impossibility. Whether we
like it or not, we know that the
Divine injunction 'No man liveth
unto himself alone' applies to na-
tions as well as to individuals. We

either must submit or we must
fight. We are fighting, not only for
,our own freedom and our own lib-
erty, but we are fighting for the
liberty and the freedom of all the'
peoples who bel.ieve with us that
the advancement which the world
so far has made in human relation-
ships must be maintained, whatever
sacrifice is necessary.
TVA On The Danube
"At a recent meeting of the Na-
tional Assn. of Manufacturers, the
president of that great and power-
ful organization probably spoke out
of turn and exposed the real situa-
tion, when. he said that we are not,
fighting this war to supply milk for
every Hottentot child or to estab-
lish a TVA on the Danube. Any man
with a heart and soul, and with
vision, can see that, when this war
is over, the world must be under
the control of men who have no
Hitler ideas hidden in their hearts.
This war will be a failure--the,
peace will be a failure-if we do
not provide that, as far as hlman-
ly possible, food shall be provided
for every innocent babe, regardless
of its nationality.
"The examples we set here, if
truthfully and honestly followed,
will result in the establishment of
a TVA on the Dajnube and upon
every other river of simIlar magni-
tude anywhere in the world-.
"Men who have spent a lifetime
of toil for monopolies and illegal'
combinations must be freed from
the yoke of economic slavery. Ev-
ery stream which flows down the
mountainside, through them mea-
dows, and into the, sea,, must", do
something for the happiness and
the comfort of man. Every dropl of
water that- falls from theheavens
to the earth beneath must be har-
nessed and, through irrigation,
moisten the fertile soil of. arid
lands, or it must be stored by dams
which will prevent floods and bring
cheap navigation to a suffering.
people.
"I NCIDENTALLY, civilization must
get the benefit of the falling
water which, when properly con-
trolled, without any loss of sub-
stance, and without any interfer-
ence with its usefulness, will make
what we have called, for the want
of a better name, 'electricity.' This
electricity shall be carried over
publicly owned transmission lines,
into the homes of our people.

Telephone 23-24-1
NIGHT EDITOR: CHARLOTTE CONOVER
- - -
Editorials published in The Michigan Dailyz
are written by members of The Daily staff
and represent the views of the writers only.
LOPPING OFF THE YEARS OF STUDY:
Hutchins' New Plan of Education Would Work
In Peace, But Is Unfitted For Wartime Training

PRESIDENT ROBERT HUTCHINS of the Uni-
versity of Chicago has formed a plan to tide
liberal education through the war emergency.
He proposes to graduate stulents from col-
lege at the age of 18 years. "The organiza-
tion which will permit us to give a liberal
education by the time the student is called to
the colors is a six-year elementary school, a
three- or four-year high school, and a three-
or four-year college term," he suggested to a
group of educators last week.
This newest Hutchins idea to discard tradi-
tional theories of education molds itself to the
Secretary of War's sober determination to mini-
mize liberal education in colleges for the dura-
tion. It seems to be a constructive answer to the
"powerful challenge to liberal arts" that edu-
cators like Presidnt Charles Seymour of Yale
University have seen to exist. But apparent de-
fects of time in its organization and a probable
unfriendliness on the part of the Army do not
portend its speedy adoption.
HUTCHINS calls for a six-year elementary
school. This indicates he is banking on a
very long war. Before his plan could begin oper-
ation, grade schools would have to revise their
SLOW FREIGHT:
Shipping Shortage StillL
Hindering War Machine
THE EFFECTS of red tape and "business as
usual" in glutting up still further our complex
shipping problem were brought home forcefully
once again by two recent articles, one from the
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, the other appearing in
The Nation.
In a special feature in the Dispatch, Richard
L. Stokes reported that twelve machines cap-
able of producing four million packages of
compressed foods every 24 hours have re-
mained idle for a year now. These machines,
capable because they are able to take out air
as well as water, reducing the weight of foods
up to 86 per cent, which means a bonus of 20
to 25 per cent more cargo ships, were refused
for allocation by the War Production Board
because the company had no army orders.
The Army, on the other hand, declined to
grant orders because the WPB has not allo-
cated the machines.
But this is only the beginning of the story,
for Howard Clarke, writing in The Nation,
had another strange tale to tell. A tale of
onions. Immediately after Pearl Harbor, Army
officials in Hawaii, realizing that all possible
shipping to the islands due to the emergency
had to be used for war purposes, induced the
Hawaiian farmers to grow onions so that this
bulky crop would no longer have to be imported
from our own country. To the great surprise
of the islanders, after they had grown so much
of the needed crop that it was rotting on the
docks, huge quantities of onions started to ar-
rive in highly convoyed shiploads from the
United States in fulfillment of contracts placed
long ago with California growers.
ALL THESE INCIDENTS would be hilariously
funny if we weren't fighting a war in which
shipping is a number one problem, and the ship-
ment of food; according to Secretary of Agricul-
ture Wickard, is 50% of that problem. All this
would be a great joke if we weren't faced with a
submarine menace which is credited by The
Christian Science Monitor with taking a toll of
one million tons of United Nations shipping a
month. We are certainly in no position today to

teaching schedules to a six-year course, and
students would have to go through the new type
of grade school, enter the high school, and only
after several years come to' college at a com-
paratively young age. The process of retooling
education to this plan would clearly occupy a
period of years. The new organization conceiv-
ably might not produce younger students until
the war had ended.
The Army, intent on adhering to military
studies, probably won't take a fancy to the plan.
Hutchins himself admits that "we cannot con-
vince the government at this date by our own
exertions that true liberal education is the best
education for war."' His plan doesn't go whole
hog for war education as the Army would like.
For the Army will argue that the college student,
even at a younger age, should be studying its
brand of subjects in order to be quicker fitted
for duty against the enemy.
Hutchins, then, is taking advantage of an
age technicality to insert the maximal amount
of liberal education in the young man's col-
lege curriculum before the Army and its mili-
tary necessity studies take over.
Even though it is cloaked in a war setting, the
plan, with its seemingly long period of reorgan-
ization, will have to be considered as belonging
more to the peace. As a permanent form of
organization, it has points in its favor.
Hutchins appears to be on solid ground in
reasoning that at 15 and 16 youths could nego-
tiate work of college calibre. The book "Psy-
chology" by Shaffer, Gilmer and Schoen says:
"The Binet tests, which give a sort of average
of the development of mental functions, show
that maturity is reached at the chronologicial
age of sixteen . . . The mature mental level of
fifteen years means only that the average
adult can learn new things no better or faster
than he could at about fifteen, nor solve new
problems of any greater difficulty."
However,,the value of only three years each of
high school and college with the four-year course
still possible is debatable. Lopping years off the
educational schedule is a pet theme of Hutchins.
President Ruthven last year, in discussing the
Hutchins two-year college plan which would in
addition cut two year from the high school
course, affirmed that experiences with high
school principles from the entire state had con-
vinced him and other concerned educators, that
the last two years spent in high school and col-
lege are very essential to the educational growth
of the student.
Four years of college and high school still
would be possible under Hutchins's war plan,
as he himself has shown. "Their operation the
year around-or merely the operation of the
college the year around-will enable the stu-
dent to complete a liberal education by the
time he is drafted."
One of the evident designs of the plan as a
war measure will apply equally to the peace.
Most students called out of 'college today antici-
pate one day returning. But there certainly will
be obstacles-such as finance and homemaking
to completing their education. Hutchins would
fully equip students with their educational tools
before serving their country in war. Used after
the war, the plan would fit the student earlier
for his life work, obviating to some degree the
charge that college students now spend a dis-
proportionate amount of their life acquiring
"higher learning." Needy students would be en-
abled to work part of the time and still secure
their college degrees at a fairly early age.
S A WAR MEASURE, the new Hutchins plan
appears unhandy. But educators would not

DREWK
PEARSON'S3
MERRY-GO-ROUND
WASHINGTON-The 78th Congress, now open-
ing, will live up to all advance notices of cur-
tailing the Government's non-war spending.
But despite talk about a coalition of Republicans
and conservative Democrats, don't look for any
serious tampering with New Deal economic re-
forms.
With a Presidential election coming up in
1944, the Republican leadership in both Houses
will take no chances of antagonizing labor by
supporting efforts of anti-New Deal Demo-
crats to repeal the Wagner Labor Relations
Act and the 40-hour week. Both of these laws
will remain on the books.
Here's a roundup legislative preview of the
new session:
Labor-The only legislation affecting organ-
ized labor with a good chance of being enacted
will be a bill outlawing racketeering in labor
unions, and requiring international unions to
register with the government and publicly report
their finances.
Farm-The farm bloc will have the upper hand
in both Houses, is almost certain to force through
legislation further increasing parity price ceilings
on farm products. Such a step will open the
door to runaway inflation, but farm bloc leaders
are confident they have the votes to put it over
anyway.
Agricultural spokesmen already are busy be-
hind the scenes trying to negotiate a logroll,
whereby they will withdraw their opposition to
the 40-hour week if laborites reciprocate on the
proposal for higher parity ceilings.
Taxes-Despite Senate agitation for a na-
tional sales tax, Congress will not accept it.
However, don't be surprised if the House Ways
and Means Committee works out a new pay-as-
you-go formula for income taxation, probably
calling for monthly payments.
Economy-Wholesale slashes will be voted in
the budgets of all government departments ex-
cept War, Navy, State and, possibly the Treasury.
Investigations-The Committees on Executive
Expenditures in both Houses, which have been
inactive for several years, will come to life wih
a bang. One agency whose spending activities
will receive a thorough going-over is the Federal
Works Agency.
For the first time, Representative Martin Dies
will run into serious gpposition over the continu-
ance of his un-Americanism investigating com-
mittee.
End Of The Tank
Army Ordnance experts now foresee the time
when the tank, which made France fall, will be
outmoded and discarded as a useful weapon. In
fact, they say the tank will be discarded for
large-scale combat before this war is over.
Death of the tank is the anti-tank gun. If
you can mount a large enough gun-and give it
sufficient mobility-you can blow up the enemy's
tanks and cripple his mechanized forces com-
pletely.
This is just what happened to Rommel in
his recent African debacle. He had previously
enjoyed superiority in anti-tank weapons.
While the British were still using a 75 mm.
gun, Rommel (the desert fox) brought into
action an 88 mm. gun, and to conceal it from
the British until they were on top of it, buried
the guns in the sand.
This was what caused the rout of the British
forces last June.

SAMUEL GRAFTON'S
1BdI4 RatherBe R ight

Resources For All
"Our natural resources must be
conserved for the benefit of gil the
people. These natural resources,
God-given, belong to them and
must not be owned or controlled by
any private monopoly. There must
be no place where private mono-
poly shall make an unholy profit
out of the generation and distribu-
tion of electricity. The people must
all get the benefits and all the joys
and pleasures of life these natural
resources bring forth.
"Yft, we say to the National
Assn. of Manufacturers that the
stranglehold which many of its
members have had upon the happi-
ness and the destinies of the com-
mon man will be loosened and this
unseen and mysterious power
known as electricity, through the
instrumentality, of many TVAs, will
lessen the labor of those who toil,
and will bring happiness, joy, and
comfort to every fireside in our
land.
"With hatred toward none, with
revenge absent from our hearts, a
new world will spread the joys of
human life into, every home. Mono-
poly and human greed must be de-
thronedand if we are true to the
faith, if we are really fighting for
freedom, theman who coins the life
blood of human toil into money
must lose his grip.'There will come
a time when those who toil, and
those who serve, will be placed upon
a higher level than those who nei-
ther toil nor spin."
SDAILY OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
WEDNESDAY, JAN.6, 1943
V03L. IiI No. 08
All notices forthe faly Official Bul-
,letin are to be sent to the Office of the
President in typewritten form by 3:30
pan. of the day preceding its ;publica-
tin,. except on Saturday when the no-
tices should be submitted by 11:30 a.m.
Notices
To Members of the University
Council: The January meeting of the
University Council has been can-
celled,
If you wish to finance the purchase
of a home, or if you have purchased
improved property on a land contract
and owe a balance of approximately
60 per cent of the value of the prop-
erty, the Investment Office, 100
South Wing of University Hall, would
be glad to discuss financing through
the medium of a first mortgage. Such
financing may effect a substantial
saving in interest.
Refresher Courses in Mathematics:
The following refresher courses will
be offered by the Department of
Mathematics beginning Thursday,
January 7, and continuing until the
opening of the spring term: Trigo-
nonetry, Tuesday, 4-5:30 p.m.
School and College Algebra, Thurs-
day, 4-5:30 p.m.; and Plane Analytic
Geoumetry, Saturday, 4-5:30 p.m.; all
these courses will meet in Room 3010
Angell Hall. These courses are intend-
ed for members of the faculty who ex-
pect to be available to assist the De-
partment of Mathematics in the
teaching of freshman mathematics in
the spring term. It is suggested that
all such persons should plan to attend
one or more of these refresher cours-
es.'
-T. H. Hildebrandt
Applications in Support of Re-
search Projects: To give Research
Committees and the Executive Board
adequate time to study all proposals,
it is requested that faculty members
having projects needig support dur-
ing 1942-1943 file their proposals in
the Office of the Graduate School by
Friday, February 19. Those wishing to

renew previous requests whether now
receiving support or not should so
indicate. Application forms will be
mailed or can be obtained at Secre-
tary's Office, Room 1006 Rackham
Building, Telephone 372.
- C. S. Yoakum
Students: A list of graduates and
former students now in Military Ser-
vice is being compiled at the- Alumni
Catalogue Office. This list already
numbers approximately 6,000. If you
are entering Military Service, please
see that your name is included in this
lis by reporting such information to
the- Alumni Catalogue Office. This
courtesy will be greatly appreciated.
-Lunette Hadley, Director
Alumni Catalogue Office
Fraternity and Sorority Presidents
are reminded that membership lists
for the month of December are due in
the Office of the Dean of Students
on January 5.
To Students Whose' Fathers are
Rotarians: Each year the Ann Arbor
Rotary Club gives a luncheon to the
-students whose fathers are members
of Rotary International. The 1943
luncheon will be held at the Michigan
Union on Wednesday, January 13, at
twelve noon. To make certain that all
sons and daughters of Rotarians re-

NEW YORK- American corre-
spondents in North Africa are being
allowed to write more freely, for
which a deep nod to our censors is
in order. But they are writing un-
happily. They seem shocked. One
of them reports almost naively that
a number 'of' the'' local French' are
pro-axis. Being a good American,
he cannot understand this. These
specimens seem crazy to him.
Snakes, he calls them. He cannot
understand why we should give
snakes the freedom to crawl, for
that is certainly not one of the four
freedoms.
A radio correspondent adds his
startled vaiee;- he cannot under-
stand why General Liraud should
have arrested de Gaullist elements,
and put them in the can as if they
were enemies.
Another writer, chipping in, says
that the promise to free democrats
from the concentration camps of'
Vichy-in-Africa has not been car-
ried out. A fourth voice contributes
that most of the local Vichy offi-
cials are still in office, even though
many of them were, and probably
still are, typhoid maies of fascism.
What Goes On Here?.
WHAT's going on here? It is quite
clear what is going on; a strug-
gle for power is going on, in which
fascists have amiably been given,
by us, the freedom to struggle, and
that, again, is not one of the four
freedoms.-
One writer reveals that American
officials have taken on the function
of investigating pro-axis activity in
North Africa, but have not assumed,
the power of prosecuting, and so,
they merely investigate. And inves-
tigate. And since we do not act, the
obscure struggle goes on, and the-
situation in North Africa grows
more mysterious by the minute.
And it becomes necessary to say
that the obscurity in North Africa'
is an exact reflection of the obscur-
ity of our own approach to North
Africa.
We Won't Take Sides
What have we tried to do in
North Africa? We have tried to set'
up the shining goal of unity, with-
out removing those fascist elements
against the destroyer is to load on
more armor--but the more the ar-
mor, the less mobility.
Ordnance experts see the next step:

about whom and with whom unity.
cannot be built. (If it could be, then
there was no reason for the war.)
In other words, we have tried not
to take sides in North' Africa.
We have tried to say that the
difference between- fascists and
democrats is not Important, in this
one special case; and swe have
mumbled this incohereney during a
war whose existence shows how Im-
portant that difference is.
We have tried to pat the biggest
problim in the world on the back,
and to say to it, be' a good fellow,
an d behave.
We have suddenly embarked on ,
a bizarre course of political neu-
trality during the heart' of a- war'
between two clear-cut sides, on one
of which we are a belligerent. We
have not yet said a clear word in,
North Africa. The liberators have
arrived, and' are not liberating. No
wonder one- of the correspondents
records that the local pro-demo-
craticFc, a majority, are' con'-
fused by our softness, and by- our
willingness to turn the whole local
show over to those same elements
which wrestled while France died.
The Enemy, Close Up
THE HARD FACT is that we-have:
to take sides, even in localities,
even in cities. That is the hardest,
toughest and bitterest fact of the
last decade, and too many of us'
have been totally unable to-swallow
it. It-is not democratic tolerance to,
allow the old, old struggle between
fascists and free men to go on in%
areas we control. It is weakness. It
is weakness to allow the 1939 in-
ternal struggle of metropolitan
France to be repeated, in shabby
miniature, in North Africa. This is
not a game, to be played according
to Marquis of Queensbury rules. It
is war. W e owe nothing to fascist'ee t -ny h r; n t vn fi
elements anywhere, not even "fair
rules," for we know .they will stop
at' nothing to defeat our side; they
even gave France itself'up to do so.
North Africa will be obscure pre-
cisely as long as - we are obscure-
The tough, granite fact is that you
don't get unity by wishing for it,
you get unity by removing the ob-
stacles to unity. The whole war is.
an effort to remove those obstacles
by force. That process needs local
application. We are forced to take
sides, even within North Africa,
and the effort not to do so denies
our war. We must learn to fight the
fasist. w~ e t and Iknow ibyname::