FOBu THE MICHIAN DAILY THE.!R$I)AY , JN-U ,R- ::If;1y41 f 11E MICHIGAN DAILY THE REPLY CHURLISH 13y)TOUCHSTONE c-0 America Must Prepare For Economic Invasion Edited and managed by students, of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Published every morning except Monday during the University year and Summer Session. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newpaper. All rights of republication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second class mail matter. Subscriptions during the regular school year by carrier $4.00; by mail, $4.50. REPRESENTED FOR NATIONAL ADVERTISING 8Y National Advertising Service, Inc. College Publishers Representative 420 MADISON AVE. NEW YORK. N. Y' CHICAGO ' BOSTON * LOS ANGELES * SAN FRANCISCO Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1940-41 Editorial Staff Hervie Haufler,. Alvin Sarasohn Paul M. Chandler Karl Kessler Milton Orshefsky Howard A. Goldman. Laurence Mascot$ Donald Wirtebafter Esther Osser Helen Corman . Managing Editor Editorial Director . . . -City Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor . . . . Sports Editor .Women's Editor . . Exch#nge Editor Business Stafff Business Manager Assistant Business Manager Women's Business Manager Women's Advertising Manager Irving Guttman Robert Gilmour Helen Bohnsack Jane Krause __ r NIGHT EDITOR: EMILE GELi The editorials published in The Michi- gan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. President Roosevelt Begins A Decisive Regime LITTLE OR NO FESTIVITY marked the inaugural ceremonies in Wash- ington last week. The atmosphere was con- strained and relatively serious. Curiously sym- bolic was the military display: .the armored cars, the soldiers astride motorcycles, the tanks whose heavy movements shook the pavement, the file of trucks bearing anti-aircraft guns. Many an observer saw in the passing evidence of the nation's military might ominous and portentous implications. The inaugural address of Franklin Roosevelt was no great state document. 'It was a reason- ably well stated expression of the democratic philosophy, but it was full of the glowing gen- erality and the pretty phrase. The audience response was polite and generally favorable, but no great enthusiasm was noted. Nor could the inaugural speech be considered a review of Franklin Roosevelt's past record nor a full- fledged prophecy of his future course. A thorough evaluation of Franklin Roosevelt's total contribution to American political history would obviously be premature. No living man has the desired and necessary objectivity for such an evaluation. Yet it is quite possible to assess the dominant and significant trends of the past and to express a hope for the future. EVEN THE MOST articulate members of the President's partisan opposition will no doubt admit that the administration of Franklin Roosevelt has been in the past and will probably continue to be in the future one of few politically decisive regimes in U.S. political history. During the decade of the thirties the whole concept of government in America has undergone pro- found changes: the doctrine of laissez-faire in- dividualism seems strangely outmoded, suggges- tive of a past era in American life; political thinking in terms of social values has come to be widely prevalent. Emphasis on the preser- vation of mere form in government-for example, the devotional obeisance and unquestioning con- formity to the letter of constitutional strictures, has been supplanted by emphasis on the very great contribution which government can make to social progress in this country. Franklin Roosevelt has in large measure brought a new type of administrator into gov- ernmental circles. The conventionalized stogie- smoking politician with a single-minded interest in the dispensation of patronage has been wide- ly replaced by men who are intbrested primarily in social and political reform and in the in- ception of scientific practice and procedure in government. Representatives of this new type are Henry Wallace, Robert Jackson, Frank Murphy, Felix Frankfurter and William Doug- las. And in many lesser posts and throughout the federal departments will be found earnest young men who are passionately devoted to the continuous improvement and the increased im- portance of government. Their indirect influ- ence will. be one of the lasting effects of Frank- lin Roosevelt's administration. The President's precedent-setting third term may well be the most epoch making of his whole administration, for he no doubt conceives of himself as the Defender of Democracy. The events of the next four THERE IS STILL TIME at two a.m. if you are not the worrying kind. If you know you will go right to sleep, and not lie there in the dark turning from one side to the other, worry- ing about the next day, worrying about whether you should get up and turn the study lamp back on and cram just a few more pages down you, just enough pages to put you to sleep, then there is still time to get in between those cool sheets, and forget about everything for awhile. You balance at two a.m. the satisfaction of try- ing, against not having the world stale and sore as it is when you stay up all night, but you have to make up your mind fast, because another hour of sitting there smoking cigarettes that taste like animal leavings, of turning the pages of the book vacantly over and over without read- ing a word because you cannot think, of vain tired wishing that you had done the work when it should have been done, of maybe wishing you were home, will be too much, for then there is no getting back, you might as well stay up, but knowing that lack of decision and not desire to do well on the exam is your motivation, you won't get enough done to make it worth a night's sleep, and so you will spend five hours or so sitting at your desk, scratching your head, afraid of everything in the world, afraid of the nightI outside, afraid to see the sun come up, afraid of being out in the merciless glare of daylight. You will read a page, then read it again, then you will go on and read the next page, but know that nothing of tie first page has remained with you. You will get up and pace back and forth in the room, wishing there was somebody you could talk to, that just one other guy in the world were staying up too, but no one ever is, not on the night you are working anyhow. And from somewhere in the back of your head there comes the thought that even if there were, if there were a room mate there across the desk, you would talk, or listen to the Dawn Patrol, not study, so what would be the use? There is the key word of the whole night for you. What is the use, what's the use, what's the use? You wonder if a man dies, and you go to the mirror and look at yourself, and think about dying, and always if you are the worrying kind, there is a fear of madness, unreasonable certainly, but not so remote when the house silently ticks around you, when far away a car goes by in the night, or you hear the grind of a truck's motor climbing up a hill. YOU FORCE yourself back into the book, and realize you cannot see the type clearly, that your eyes are too tired to read. You close your eyes hoping subconsciously that you will fall asleep, but you do not sleep, you are obsessed now with the sense not of the length of the night, but the shortness of the hours before cold and shivering you must carry your little blue- book into the buzzing classroom, and you see that there isn't a chance in the world of getting through all those pages and pages and pages before it is too late, and for the tightening reality of it, you cannot sleep, you know you will not sleep until it is over, win, lose or draw, and sitting there, you find that you have to force the lids down to keep your eyes shut, and finally you open them, looking just at the wall across the room, not at the book. Your face is tired, Franklin Roosevelt enters upon his third term, he must surely be awed by his own responsibility in helping to determine the answer to the ques- tion of whether or not the U.S. will send another expeditionary force to Europe. Thus it is im- portant for the President to realize the tre- mendous sentiment for peace in this country. Unfortunately a part of this sentiment for peace has been diverted into ineffectual and now dis- credited peace organizations - for example, Verne Marshall's No Foreign War Committee, whose reputed connections with William Rhodes Davis has lessened whatever influenrces the com- mittee was exerting nationally. But the basic desire for peace is nonetheless strong: the Presi- dent must recognize its character and intent. These persons agree with the President in his strong denuciation of the Fascist way of life. They are willing and eager to grant limited eco- nomic aid to Britain (though many of them may hesitate to support the lease-lend bill as a specific form of aid, as an unjustified grant of power to an impetuous executive). They are willing to accept the burden of the costly na- tional defense program. But these persons are at no time willing to sanction actual 'military participation in the Second World War. The President must never overlook that intense and determined desire for peace. ROBERT MAYNARD HUTCHINS, president of' the University of Chicago, has stated the reasons for this point of view brilliantly and con- clusively. He said: "If we stay out of war we may perhaps some day understand and practice freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want and freedom from fear. We may even be able to comprehend and support justice, democracy, the moral order and the su- premacy of human rights. Today we have hardly begun to grasp the meaning of the words. "If we go to war, we cast away our op- portunity and cancel our gains. For a gen- eration, perhaps for a hundred years, we shall not be able to struggle back to where We were. In fact the changes that total war will bring may mean that we shall never be able to struggle back. Education will cease. In its place will be vocational and military training. The effort to establish a democratic community will stop. We shall think no more of justice, the moral order and sore, and your throat is dry. You go into the bathroom and put cold water on your face, resting your eyes in the cool wet of the wash- cloth, and drink some water. Then you go back to the room, and smell as you come in, the stench of a room filled with old cigarette smoke and the ugly odor of ground out stubs. ALL RIGHT, so you do get a little work done, mostly to keep from thinking about how much work you won't get done. Suddenly there is the loud noise of the street cleaning truck that brushes noisily past, growling its way along the curbs, lighting the deserted street, then passing by, turning and coming back, then doing the same over on the next street, until as you sit listening, the sound is gone. Another cig- arette, worse tasting than the last one, and to- bacco crumbs stick to your chapped lips. Silence, and the impulse to run out and follow that street cleaning truck along the silent streets or maybe the man would let you get us beside him and ride along, just for noise and light and motion. Silence again. More of the book, because you have looked at the clock, with the alarm set in case you should fall asleep. The milk truck grinding of slow gear, and clink of bottles, and the world is beginning slowly to awaken, and there is so much more to read, so much that will be asked for. Here and there in the cold1 gray, with the street lights still on, you hear cars starting, being gunned by the early workers in the cold grease of the night now gone, and nothing done, yo might so much better have slept. But the time to think about that was at two a.m. Too late now. Never get up if you turned in now. Artificial light too bright for the eyes. Natural light gray outside the win- dow, not enough to read by. So you get up and put shoes on, and a coat and hat and go out into the quick step air, gasping and breathing thfough the mouth at the cold ache of it in your nostrils. Things are :a little better now, and you smile at the thought of serious psy- chologists telling every year in a feature article that a good night's sleep is the best preparation for an exam, and you snort a curse on the heads of those who study when they should and go to shows during exam week, and then you are in a dingy noisy restaurant, eating a dirty break- fast off chipped plates, drinking weak cold cof- fee, and the cigarette doesn't taste any better after. You go home, go back to your room, and heat the gradual, alarm ringing wakings of the others in the house, and staring at the weak sunshine on the carpet, you think coolly of the exam, and are ready to tell them all to go'to, and the resolves of earlier, to go back some day and get all that stuff straight at your leisure are gone, and all that remains is a feeling that maybe you'll fool them, you'll write the whole three hours anyhow, no matter what you say. The alarm clock rings. You hadn't realized it was time yet. The fear comes back, and hurriedly you get together pen, blotter, pencil, bluebook, and you are afraid, but you start out anyhow. Anyone who construes the above as a plea for a reading period before examinations will be wrong. What's the use of prolonging the agony? So long until soon. POETRY "HEART-SHAPE IN THE DUST," by Robert E. Hayden; Falcon Press, $1.50. By HARRY M. KELSEY AFIRST BOOK OF POEMS by any writer is an interesting document to study. Within its covers the reader may discover the answers to a number of questions: what sort of material can this new poet turn out with the best re- sults; what sort would he like to write; of what sort his future works, if any, will be composed; and what, if anything, he will be noted for twenty years hence. Such a volume is Robert E. Hayden's "Heart- Shape in the Dust" recently published by the Falcon Press in Detroit. Hayden was a Hop- wood winner in the summer of 1938, and the present volume includes ten of the eleven poems included in his Hopwood manuscript, although the publishers advertise that all are included. Why the eleventh was omitted is a mystery to me; it was short, simple and full of feeling, con- taining perhaps the epitome of Hayden's philos- ophy, which none of the other selections in the collection quite do. The work I refer to is en- titled "It Is Not All Night" and may be found in the bound volume of 1938 summer Hopwood winners in the Hopwood room. YES, this collection is Hayden's first published work, and it answers the usual questions. A- Negro himself, Hayden is at his best when writing of the Negro. Unfortunately for him- self, he seems to be a great admirer of Elinor Wylie, and falls down consistently when trying to imitate her style. I believe he realizes this, and will continue to write of the Negro in his own individual moving style, and if he does this I am willing to go on record as predicting that he will be the leading poet of the Negro race, ranking high among the poets of the country at large, twenty years hence. Here is why I arrive at these conclusions: Approximately half of Hayden's poems deal with the Negro. Of these, all are worth read- ing. Of the remaining half, only half are worth reading. The majority of the remainder are imitations of Wylie. Don't tell me I'm preju- diced-I know it. They may be good poems, they may be some of his best, if you like Wylie. But there are very few of her pieces that I can That most of the GOP chiefs are hot under the collar becausetheir erstwhile standard-bearer is behind the Roosevelt measure is putting it mildly. They are so sore they could bite nails. He put the Republican Party on the spot on this highly charged issue-the last thing the boys wanted to happen.; The unannounced Omaha pow- wow is a sequel to a similar gathering of Midwestern state chairmen in Chi- cago last month, which considered means of preventing Willkie fromI getting a grip on the party organi- zation when National Chairman Joe Martin steps out. Martin was set to quit at a National Committee meet- ing late this month. But following the urgent pleas of Tom Dewey, Sen- ator Bob Taft and others, Joe agreed, for the sake of harmony, to remain until September. Participants in the Chicago meet- ing agreed to return home, sound' out the party sentiment regarding Willkie, then meet in Omaha this week-end to exchange findings. But since the Chicago meeting, Willkie, has declared for the lend-lease bill and turned the party almost upside down. How many leaders will attend the Omaha conference is still in doubt. nomic warfare. An attack by a foreign power on United States through South Amer- ica would not necessarily be military. In fact, the odds are greatly in favor of an attempted economic conquest, since political control always follows economic control. Success of such a venture would threaten the United States considerably. The South American problem cannot, therefore, be overestimated. It has long been a source of vexation to the govern- ment. What, then, is the crux of the matter and hov can we prevent a hostile power from gaining control over our Southern neighbors and im- prove our own relations with them? Latin-American countries are largely undeveloped. They are de- pendent foi their livelihood on the exports of some agricultural and mineral products. These exports in the past have largely gone to Europe. Europe takes about $850,000,000 worth of exports, and the South American nations take about $650,- 000,000 worth of European products. United States imports only $420,000,- 000 worth of products from South America and exports $320,000,000 worth of products to these same na- tions. 111YCL:'IULl 1JLALG 4V GGV Dew Pm% ~obetS.Alleu WASHINGTON - While Wendell Willkie is making front page news in London favoring the lend-lease armament bill, a group of potenty Mid-western Republican leaders is scheduled to meet in Omaha this week-end to discuss what to do about him. By GEORGE W. SALLADE APPEARING BEFORE the House Committee on Foreign Affairs last week to testify on President Roose- velt's lease-lend bill, Secretary of State Cordell Hull warned that if Germany won the European war she would immediately attack the United States. probably not directly but through the weakest part of our de- fense system. South America. No tru- er appraisal of the South American problem has ever been made. It is certainly the most vulnerable part in the Western Hemisphere, not only to iactual militarv invasion but to eco- ti p w e ti d B ti a z a V a 1: A I 9 g li s t n t Some of the big shots, wary about LTHOUGH reciprocal trade agree- being tagged openly with a move to ments have helped alleviate the axe Willkie, may not attend in per- situation, at least prior to the war, son but will send less conspicuous South America was still sending a friends to act as "unofficial observ- great bulk of her products to Europe. ers.' The largest share went to Great Britain, but since Hitler came into Is A Spade power with his barter trade, Ger- I Still A Spade? ... many's share has been increasing. Of course, the war has effectively put hat he thought the United States roposals for absorption of surpluses ere superficial and of fleeting ben- fit. A possible first step would be he investment of more capital in the evelopment of strategic materials. olivia produces antimony, used in he manufacture of plates for stor- ge batteries, tungsten and tin. Bra- il has what is believed to be the argest iron-ore reserve in the world and oil reserves, perhaps greater than ienezuela's and Mexico's. .There are ilso large areas in Brazil, particu- arly the Amazon basin, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela where rubber could be ;rown. These returns would have to be imited to about 10%. Also at the ame time industries could be en- couraged. The most trade always akes place between industrialized nations with large purchasing power ike United States and Great Britain. The porcelain dinnerware and glass- ware industry in Chile, Peru, Argen- tina and Chile, the making of leather gloves in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, and the making of wines in Peru and Chile should all be increased. With both of- these steps the economic problem could still not be handled thoroughly. There must be a central authority or agreement. Agreements fixing prices, dividing the market for exports among the nations, limiting crops, and distributing surpluses should be made. The best ways to counteract Nazi propaganda are (1)to encourage more exchange students, (2) send more American movies to South America, and (3) have better news service to South America. Nothing creates better feeling between na- tions than exchange students. Amer- ican movie stars are practically idol- ized by our Latin neighbors and more news service would help to lessen the influence of the Nazi news broadcast with their propaganda. More Ameri- can sort wave programs would also be a wise step. THE AIRLINES situation is not quite as bad as it looks. Pan American still retains a slight su- periority over its foreign rivals. How- ever, its equipment is becoming obso- lete. The government would do well to aid the company in modernizing its services. The Civil Aeronautics Authority should also continue its new policy of awarding scholarships to South American students who wish to receive American training. With the adoption of all these steps in the economic and other fields Hitler can be defeated in South America and that continent made the strongest instead of the weakest link 41 the chain of United States defense. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN THURSDAY, JANUARY 30, 1941 VOL. LI. No. 91 Publication in the Daily Official Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the University. Notices To the Members of the University Council: There will be a meeting of the University Council on Monday, Feb. 10, at 4:15 p.m., in Room 1009 A.H. Group Surgical Service: Sufficient enrollments have been received to make the plan effective for those who signed applications either during the enrollment period in November or the period just closed. Service under the terms of these enrollments will be available to all applicants beginning February 5, 1941. To Members of the Faculty of the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts: The fourth regular meeting of the Faculty of the College of Litera- ture, Science, and the Arts for the academic session of 1940-1941 will be (Continued on Page 5) )OTLIGHT rvE w wvvI To the vast sea of confusion which Germany out of the South American swirls about those of us who, at the ! market except for what she can buy insistence of feminine acquaintainces and sell through the roundabout way play an occasional rubber of bridge, Iof Russia and Japan. Ely Culbertson, the self-appointed The Nazis, however, have by no Caliph of Contract, has added new means stopped their other methods whirlpools of complication. of undermining the United States in From a hospital sickbed, Culbert- South America. Their most-used son has issued a ukase which is des- weapons now are propaganda and tined to bring delight to 4,000 bridge control of local airlines. Agents try teachers, who welcome every inova- to stir up the long dormant fear of tion as an excuse to get a new influx the "colossus, of the North" and its same time bringing woe to the gen- j imperialism. They and their Italian eral public. He sets up a new sys- allies do their best to create inci- tem whereby the lowly duece assumes dents. For example, the Mayor of r ! ' ' a new importance-if a singleton. Buenos Aires recently issued a ban We have nothing against the duece against the showing of Charlie Chap- except respect-particularly when it lin's movie, "The Great Dictator," in is wild. But that is another game. Buenos Aires because of a protest by As to bridge this is all right with us, the Italian ambassador. Although except that we haven't learned last his action was condemned . by his year's rules, or' the rules of the year countrymen, this incident shows the before than-or in fact any rules. situation we Americans must face. When we are involved into a bridge In the case of the airlines it is even game we are a miserable spectacle. more threatening. Openly Germans We peer dubiously at the cards, ven- are the Deutsche Lufthansa from ture a bid, and find ourselves in over West Africa to Natal, Brazil, to Rio, our head with the partner's response, to Buenos Aires, across to Santiago, After the hand is played, the part- Chile, the Lufthansa Peru, and Syn- ner, usually feminine, takes full ad- dicato Condor, operating from Belem, vantage of the opportunity to chide Brazil, to Rio to Buenos Aires to our bidding and playing derelictions. Santiago. Supposedly under native Nothing so builds up an inferiority control but using German pilots and complex in the average male as an equipment are VARIG and VASP in evening of bridge. And now comes Brazil, Lloyd Aereo Boliviano in Culberston to make still deeper this Bolivia, Aeroposta Argentina, operat- winter of our discontent. ing from Buenos Aires to Tierra del We are going back to the good Fuego, CAUSA in Uruguay, going old respectable farmer game of check- from Montevideo to Buenos Aires, ers. and SEDTA in Ecuador. on---T IS CLEARLY apparent, there- on the Federal Writers Project; and Ifcre, that strong action must be he knows the Negro, Southern and taken quickly. The economic prob- Northern, knows their needs and ilen is, of course, paramount. What wants, their prayers and their thanks, to do with the surplus South Ameri- their hates and their loves, their can exports? It is not enough to pro- fears and their exultations. He has a pose a huge cartel. The Associated style of recording all these which is Press quoted Senor Leopold Melo, moving and convincing. If Hayden head of the Argentina delegation to were to write a poem in that style the Havana conference, as saying wherein he claimed to have witnessed the journey of a Negro's soul on its way to Heaven, I would believe every word of it. But I know he wouldn't, SP because one of his chief character- f istics is his realism. n . ... I WOULD ADVISE the reader of "Heart-Shape in the Dust" (a title borrowed from a Wylie poem) to turn first to the last piece in the volume. "These Are My People," a mass chant which has been drama- tized by the Chicago Negro group1 theatre, and read it through two orI three times, preferably out loud. Then, with an understanding of what Hayden is driving at and a feel- ing of his style, read such pieces as "Southern Moonlight," "Coleman,"' "Speech," "Bacchanale," "Obituary," "Poem for a Negro Dancer" and "Ga- briel." Don't bother to read IThe Falcon," "Sonnet to E." "Poem," "World's Fair" and others of the sort. And if you like what you do read, go over to the Hopwood Room and look up "It Is Not All Night" and then WJR WWJ CKLW WXYZ 750 KC - CBS 920 KC - NBC Red! 1030 KC - Mutual 1240 KC-NBC Blue Thursday Evening 6:00 News Music; Oddities Rollin' Bud Shaver 6:15 Musical Newscast; Tune Home Chas. Materi Orch, 6:30 Inside of Sports Frazier Hunt Conga Time Day in Review 6:45 The world Today Lowell Thomas In the News To be Announced 7:00 Amos 'n Andy Fred Waring News Easy Aces 7:15 Lanny Ross Dinner Music CBC String Orch. Mr. Keen-Tracer 7:30 vox Pop Xavier Cugat They Shall Intermezzo 7:45 vox Pop. Presents Not Pass Met. Opera Guild 8:00 Ask-it Basket Coffee vignettes of Melody Horace Heidt's 8:15 Ask-it Basket Time Child Welfare Pot O' Gold 8:30 Olson Oddities The Aldrich In Chicago Tommy Dorsey 8:45 Musical; News Family Tonight Orchestra 9:00 Major Bowes Kraft Music Hall Echoes Gabriel Heatter 9:15 Major Bowes - BinguCrosby, Of Heaven Jas. Bourbonnaise 9:30 Major Bowes Bob Burns, News Ace John B. Kennedy 9:45 Major Bowes Trotter Orch. Good Neighbors Let's Dance i"