PAGE PU THE M ICHI G-AN D AlY" WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1941 __ L, THE MICHIGAN DAILY Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Published every morning except Monday during the University year and Summer Session. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitlea to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newpaper. All rights of republication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second class mail matter. Subscriptions during the regular school year by carrier $4.00; by mail s '$4.50. REPRESENTED FOR NATIONAL ADVERT.31ING SY National Advertising Service, Inc. College Publisbers Representative 420 MADISON AVE. NEW YORK, N. Y. CHICAGO * BOSTON + Los AGELES . SAN FRANCISCO Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1940-41 Editorial Staff To The Seniors, L., S., &A, and-,School' Of Education During the five years the Carnegie Founda- tion for the Advancement of Teaching has leveloped the Graduate Record Examinations to assist universities in the selection of grad- uate students. These examinations have been given at a selected group of institutions in the East and Middle West. They are requir- ed of all students entering the Graduate School at the University of Michigan, and can be considered as a final comprehensive exam- ination for undergraduates. Through the generosity of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching it has been possible to make these examinations available at the University of Michigan without cost to the student. After consultation with your depart- ments of concentration, the Executive Com- mittee ~f the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, and the School of Education approved these examinations for all students graduating in June or August of 1941. The general examination will be given in Hill Auditorium' on Wednesday, February 26th, from 7 to 11 p.m. and on Thursday, February 27th, from 7 to 9 p.m. The ad- vanced examination will follow on Thursday night from 9 to 11 p.m. The examinations will be written in pencil. The results of these examinations will be available to each student and will prove very valuable in the discovery of professional or vocational aptitude. Student* who will be prevented from writing these examinations because of illness or out- side work should be excused by Assistant Dean Lloyd S. Woodburne in 1208 Angell Hall or Dean James B. Edmonson in 1433 University Elementary School. Edward H. Kraus, Dean, College of Lit- erature, Science, and the Arts. James B. Edmonson, Dean, School of Education. - EER mbe Drew am ~~*o ,,tA~e State National Unity, Hurt Defense Hervie Haufler Alvin Sarasohn Paul M. Chandler Karl Kessler Milton Orshefsky Howard A. igoldman Laurence Mascott Donald Wirtchafter Esther Osser Helen Corman Managing Editor Editorial Director . . City Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Sports Editor .Women's Editor . .Exchange Editor I Trade Barr iers Prevent Business Staff Business Manager . . . . Irving Guttman Assistant Business Manager . . Robert Gilour Women's Business \Manager . . Helen Bohnsack Women's Advertising Manager . . Jane Krause NIGHT EDITOR: JEAN SHAPERO The editorials published in The Michi- gan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. No Labor Crisis . S THIS COUNTRY begins to divert its economy in the direction of na- tional defense, frequent cries are being heard that strikes in national defense industries are "criminal" and "traitorous." The House Ju- diciary Committee is now considering anti-strike legislation in this field. Last week the group heard testimony from William Knudsen and Sydney Hillman against the strike ban. Newspapers accounts revealed the paradoxical situation that Knudsen, for- merly president of one of the most powerful corporations in the country, appeard more sym- pathetic to labor than most of the Committee members. Hillman stated that passage of the anti-strike laws would be unwise and might do positive harm. Knudsen putting it more strongly said, "attempts to prevent work stoppages by over-all legislation might precipitate an industrial break- down such as appeared in France." T HE FIRST THING that should be considered in any discussion of this problem is whether strikes in defense industries are a serious prob- lem now and whether any legislation is necessary to deal with the problem. Both Knudsen and Hillman agreed that the present situation is not serious. Citing statistics from eleven basic in- dustries related to national defense, Hillman showed that the amount of man-days of idle- ness due to strikes in relation the man-days worked were only small fractions of one per cent. In all industries the number of man-days of idle- ness as a result of strikes in last half of 1940 was 40 per cent below that of a similar period in 1939. Again both Knudsen and Hillman agreed on the alternative to repressive legislation. Volun- tary cooperation was emphasized with the belief that cooling off mediation periods would be desirable. Too often in emergencies like the present, writers and speakers think in terms of produc- tion and not morale. If labor feels itself ex- ploited in an emergency, and if its most fun- damental means of protest-the right to strike-- is prohibited, then it is certain that their morale and spirit of sacrifice will be discouraged. A very necessary part of the national defense program that must be stressed is that all classes in the country should feel that this nation is worth defending. ' THERE ARE MANY PLACES in our economy where entrepreneurs are making abnormal profits, inclusive of taxation and where unions feel, consequently, that they should receive a portion of those added profits, and also better working conditions. If the right to use the only weapon at their command is denied them, then the workers are sure to experience a lowered morale. Naturally, there is still the defense problem of getting the maximum production in the short- est time, that must be considered. On occasions where disputes do arise, able government con- ciliators like Steelman and Dewey and coopera- tive, intelligent leadership in labor and industry must be depended upon to act in the best in- terests of all concerned. Ti11muian c ielnosd Thurarv tht he had re- WASHINGTON-Inside the Hitler-Jugoslav conference, as told in the diplomatic dis- patches, was that der Fuehrer did not stage his usual show of scolding and storming the two Serb statesmen, but tried flattery instead. He talked a great deal about the "new order" in Europe, to be formed under German protec- tion after the war is over. All the countries were to be together in a United States of Europe, with Germany preserving law and order. In - this picture, Germany needed a sort of deputy sheriff in the Balkans, and Hitler went on to say that this deputy sheriff could be Jugoslavia. Bulgaria, he said, was too small, Romania too unstable. Therefore. Jugoslavia, if she cooperated with Germany, would be made in effect the real ruler of the Balkans. Hitler also promised the two Jugoslav states- men the Greek port of Salonika, with the sur., rounding Greek Macedonia. He also promised that their country could chop off more of Al- bania, and finally he hinted-though he made no definite promise-that Jugoslavia might get back Fiume and perhaps even Trieste at Italian expense. (Fiume is the famous Croatian sea- port over which the Jugoslavs and Italians near- ly went to war as a result of the Verseilles peace treaty.) These Hitler promises were tempting, but the Jugoslavs are under no delusion that in the "new order" Hitler could not move in on them imme- diately-deputy sheriff or no deputy sheriff. What really counted with Jugoslavia was Turkey. Bait For Turkey The Jugoslavs and Turks have been working] closely together for some years, and the Jugo- slavs knew that they could not possibly resist Hitler unless the Turks would stand with them. Meanwhile, however, Nazi diplomacy had been work in Turkey-this time under the astute di- rection of Ambassador von Papen, who got his first real experience in diplomacy in the United States. He served as military attache of the German Embassy during World War I, and was active in plots to blow- up the Welland Canal, the International Bridge and various munitions plant l at Since then von Papen has risen high, has served as Chancellor of Germany, and is now the man who persuaded Turkey to remain neu- tral. The bait which von Papen used to get Turkey on the hook was the promise of the restoration of the Turkish Empire-French Syria, British Palestine, and everything else right down to Iraq. This would include some of the richest oil fields in the Near East. And it looks as if he succeeded. LETTERS TOl THE EDITOR By EMILE GELE ALTHOUGH colossal political in- congruities are commonplace in democratic government, the United States has given birth to a paradox that reverberates even through the clamor of current war hysteria; for amid frantic nationalshouts of "all out for defense," "united we stand," and "God bless America," the indi- vidual states of the Union have erect- ed against each other trade barriers that make the Balkans look like a high school debating society. I; In spite of the Constitution's spe- cific attempt to insure internal free trade with the provision that a state cannot "lay any Imposts or Duties oft Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary fdr execut- ing its Inspection laws," and by for- bidding partiality against the com- merce, ships, and citizens of other states, nearly every state in the Union uses its revenue or police powers to discriminate against outside goods, persons, and corporations. Michigan affords one of the best typical examples. State grape grow- ers somehow obtained a state tax of 50 cents per gallon on California wines to 4 cents on State wines. In addition to the inconvenience caused California there was a three-fold backfire in Michigan; for State wine drinkers turned to other beverages rather than drink local wines, Cali- fornia retaliated by discriminating against other Michigan produce in- cluding automobiles, and recent sur- veys have shown that the grape grow- ers have only an unsalable surplus for their pains. Losses are placed on another state, the local public, local producers, and the favored groups itself; while no one profits. THE STATE TAXES on margerine are the most universal and best general instances of the present state of Balkanization. Wisconsin, the most avid of 30 anti-margerine states, slapped a cover tax of 15 cents per pound on oleomargerine and placed heavy license fees on out-of-state manufacturers, local wholesalers, and retailers to protect the state butter industry. Immediately Southern rais- brs of cotton, the seed of which sup- plies the vegetable oils for margerine, protested and retaliated by boycot- ting Wisconsin beer, paper, cheese and canned milks. All Wisconsin pro- ducers and the public of all the states involved had to pay for the protec- tion of one industry in one state. There are innumerable cases such as: California's law of standards that forbade fruit from Texas, Louisiana, and Florida, all of whom retaliated; the complex system by which cotton states tax butter industries and mar- gerine producers who use cocoa-nut instead of cotton seed oil; the cara- van laws of Far West states against new cars driven or towed across state lines for public sale; and the require-, ment of tourists permits in 13 states. All these "indirect" restrictions on interstate trade are based on the states' revenue power, the police pow- er, or the corporate power. Through the use of their delegated revenue powers the states have de- vised six chief methods of building walls against their neighbors. (1) Most of the states employ special taxes on certain commodities which compete with products made within the state. (2) Over one half the states lay special taxes on certain inter- state corporations such as chain stores in order to protect local mer- chants and producers. (3) One of the most popular discriminatory laws is the tax on non-resident commercial motor vehicles. (4)hVendor licenses are required of the non-resident salesmen. (5) Each foreign insurance company in 29 states must pay a tax on premiums. (6) Since the pass- age of the Twenty-first Amendment, the states have a direct interstate tax power, and every state uses one of at least five types of discrimina- tory liquor tax laws. WHEN the revenue power fails to provide the desired partiality, the states resort to the police power which usually has five aspects. (1) Exclusion of out-of-state producers from milk-markets is facilitated by technical and arbitrary sanitation laws. (2) Exclusion of plant or ani- mal products by means of quaran- tines based on economic considera- tions hidden under pathological titles is a popular method. (3) Then there is the restriction of migratory labor by requiring 'monetary proof" of the ability of self-support. (4) The most common is the regulation of dimen- sions, weights, and equipment of in- terstate trucks and busses. There are at least 1000 diverse and conflicting laws on motor vehicles. (5) States insist on establishing grades, stand- ards, and labels which do not con- form to Federal or other state rules. There are seven standard size apple boxes now in use in the 48 states. All these methods are directed to- ward three ends which are, in the or- der of their importance: to provide protection for home markets; to re- taliate against states which have pro- tected their own producers; and to raise revenues at the expense of those who produce, market, or consume imported goods. Such aims and methods have uniform effects. Although the direct economic ef- fects can in no way be measured, the general losses are evident in business reports of the involved states. State legislators are always slow to realize that the small favored groups are benefitted at the great expense of by mascott J ~4 YESTERDAY we were quoted as saying in March, 1939: "If the democracies are not equipped to assume a stand, our interrelated in- terests should force us to give them aid, physi- cally as well as morally . . . Our foreign policy must not be based upon a quixotic theory of isolation." Today in 1941, we still maintain that posi- tion. The extreme isolationism that is (say) characteristic of the America First Committee we more than ever decry. Our interventionism, however, stops at the point at which American aid to England becomes active military aid, for there we feel we will have lost much more than we have gained. Our interventionism also stops when we are forced to give up some of our most fundamental liberties in the very name of de- mocracy (a policy which it seems to us is the most tragic paradox in some interventionists' positions). BUT THAT QUOTATION of our editorial of March, 1939, did not cover our full position. Back in 1939, in that same editorial we also said the following (which was, incidentally, not in- cluded or even implied in yesterday's letter): "American aid to the democracies, however, does not mean that that aid must be unqualified. If the present leaders of the governments of Britain and France dognot sincerely desire to take a firm stand against the aggressors and thus preserve lasting peace in the only way, there can be noexcuse for our giving those 'great democracies' our help. "fHE SITUATION demands a clarification and explanation of policy from Chamberlain and Daladier. It also demands an intensive in- vestigation by American authorities of all per tinent factors before they offer American aid in any way to the 'great democracies'." And we still maintain that position of 1939. The situation today demands a clarification of policy from Churchill, specifically a statement of Britain's war aims, and, above all, some def- inite plan of the British idea of the social and political reconstruction of Europe after the war. INCIDENTALLY, we fully agree with "Studs" Sarasohn, our boss, that all discussions either in this column or in the "Letters to the Editor" column should be limited to treatment of the issues and factors involved, not the personalities We have tried to follow this creed as much as possible. We hope that our critics will also at- tempt to do so. MANY CHARGES have been made against us, manly questions asked of us-many of them under the assumption that this unassuming, little column is the citadel of campus appease- ment and isolationism. The assumption is false. We will still attempt, despite the charge, to print in a series of columns our conclusions on American foreign policy. We feel that, regard- less of their intrinsic worth, they are still valua- ble in their stimulus to discussion. But this is all the room we have for today. The City Editor's SC RAT CH PRA fITHERE'S ONE MAN in Ann Arbor who suffers more torture from students than all the consumers, competitors, taxpayers, or the general public. In nearly every case of interstate discrimination the general loss smothers the specific gain. ONE SURE and constant effect is the formation of hatreds be- tween conflicting states. The recent trade battle between California on 'one aside and Texas, Louisiana, and Florida on the other nearly went the full limit "short of war." All states involved in such strife are affected by a feeling of hostility that makes the current movement for national unity a hollow farce. The surest and most distressing effect is that trade barriers always boomerang to some extent. State pro- ducers are hurt more than benefitted because of the inevitable reprisals. Even if the favored groups escape economic boycott, other producers will feel the weight of retaliation. STATES HAVE ALWAYS insisted on their sovereign powers and have tried to act as indepedently as possible of the Federal government; therefore, remedies within the realm of state rights have been proposed to promote the abolition of trade barriers. States who feel wronged by other states should attempt to swal- low their anger and withhold retali- atory legislation. When this has been done, a gradual repealing of existing barrier laws should be started. States should, encourage the passage'of uni- form laws, and arrange among them- selves reciprocal agreements similar to those employed internationally by Secretary Hull. After this has been completed, there should be more sur- veys and factual studies made {of the problem to expose all undesirable as- pects for elimination. These general remedies for the cur- rent interstate disease can all be ap- plied by the states themselves; but if they fail to take action the national government has the historic sanction and current inclination to intervene. The public will blindly protest to high heaven against heavy taxes, but refuses to open its eyes to the waste of millions of dollars through inef- ficient government; and nearly all state legislatures are influenced or run by so many pet factions that they often lose sight of the general wel- fare. The machinery of state govern- ment, therefore, has in the past failed to meet its obligations in regard to trade barriers, and may continue to do so. If the states hesitate to solve the interstate problem, the present Federal administration will readily assume its responsibility to act in the interest of national welfare-and if necessary at the expense of the states rights. f DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN To the Editor: In the midst of the hectic exam period, eight University of Michigan students took time out to join 5,700 other young people in Washington, D.C. ,who convened from schools, farms, shops, churches, "Y's" and many other youth organiza- tions in thy'Town Meeting. Of Youth." They joined in discussing the American scene., Peace, civil liberties, jobs and the rights of conscripts drew the most attention. The delegates tried to reach a common minimum program that would warrant the support of the majority of young people in the country. Speakers from every geographic section of America pieced together their experiences. They graphically drew a picture of growing repres- sion in the academic, labor and political fields that is rapidly spreading to every phase of Amer- ican life. A fifteen-year-old Missouri share- cropper touched the entire gathering when she said, "We need a school built to have school in. We need books, blackboards; we need paper. We think instead of sending billions to England we should have a right to edivuation." Leonard Detweiler, a leader in the National Intercollegiate Christian Council, in view of the growing trend to repression asked, "Are we going to change from the land of the free and the home of the brave to the land of decree and the home of the slave?" He warned the delegates and visitors that the Lend-Lease Bill was the step that could make possible the dispatch of another A.E.F. to Europe. Written and personal messages were received from youth organizations in England, Canada, many South and Central American countries, China and India. A message to World Youth was read that stated, in part, "We extend our greetings to all nations at peace, to the people of Qppressed and colonial lands who fight for freedom. To the Youth of England, of Germany, of Italy, of Greece and Canada, we extend our deepest sympathy for the destruction and blood- shed which the last 12 months of war have WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1941 VOL. LI. No. 101 Publication in the Daly Official Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the University. Notices Student Tea: President and Mrs. Ruthven will be at home to students this afternoon from 4 to 6 o'clock. e r t t a fl a p a. r Protection of University Property Against Theft:e Whenever it becomes known thatt property has been stolen or is miss- ing, notice should be given with ut- most promptness at the Business Of-l fice, Room 3, University Hall. This1 applies to articles owned by the in- stitution or owned privately. For the protection of property it is important that doors and windows be locked, inside doors as well as out-, side doors, when rooms are to be left, unoccupied even for a brief period. The building custodians cannot be responsible for conditions after the hours when they are on duty or when persons with keys to buildings unlock doors and leave them unlocked. It is desirable that department heads make a careful check two or three times a year of all keys to quarters under their charge, to make sure that keys have not been lost and are not in the hands of persons no longer re- quiring their use. It is strictly con- trary to University rules to have dup- licate keys made or to lend keys is- sued for personal use. A reward of $50 is offered to any person for information that directly or indirectly leads to the apprehen- son of thieves on University prem- ises. Shirley W. Smith Instructions for Reporting Accidents: (1):Report All Accidents occurring in line of duty involving any person on the University payroll in what- . - - ma°v x7hP'hrm warn] [° ojm es receiving care elsewhere will bef esponsible for the expense of suchI reatment. Whenever possible a writ- J en report of any accident should accompany the employee to the In-r ormbition Desk on the Main Floor of the University Hospital. This re- port will be authority for the Hospit- al to render necessary medical care. (3) Emergency Cases. Emergency medical care will be given at the Hos- pital without a written accident re- port. Ambulance cases should be tak- en directly to the Ambulance En- trance, at the rear of the Main Build- ing of the University Hospital. In all such cases the written accident re- port should be forwarded as prompt- ly as possible to the Business Office of the Hospital. The so-called Workmen's Compen- sation law is for the mutual pro- tection of employer and employee. In order to enjoy the privileges provid- ed by the law all industrial accidents must be reported promptly to the correct authorities. These reports en-1 title each employee to compensa-! tion for loss of time and free medi- cal care as outlined in the law. to the north door of University Hall. Waiting in the driveway blocks traf- fic and involves confusion, incon- venience and danger just as much when a person is sitting in a car as when the car is parked empty. University Senate Committee on Parking Faculty, College of Engineering: There will be a meeting of the Facul- ty of this College on Thursday, Febru- ary 27, at 4:15 p.m., in Room 348, West Engineering Building. The purpose of this meeting will be: Consideration of Plans for an Alum- ni Conference. A. H. Lovell, Secretary Students, School of Dentistry: There will be an assembly at 4:15 this afternoon in the Kellogg Insti- tute Auditorium. Professor Wesley H. Maurer will speak on the subject: "Propaganda Today." All dental students and hygienists are requested to be in their seats in the Auditorium promptly at 4:15 so that the lecture may begin on time. The Compensation Law covers any A Board of Naval Medical Exam- industrial accident decuring while iners will meetain Naval R.O.T.C. an employee is engaged in the activ- Headquarters, North Hall today, for ities of his employment which re- a physical examination of those cand- sults in either a permanent or tem- I idates for commissions in the U.S. porary disability, or which might con- Naval Reserve who have submitted ceivably develop into a permanent their applications and have made ap- or temporary disability. pointments. Further Information. If at any time an employee wishes further in- Civilian Pilot Training: The quota formation regarding any compensa- for the Spring Phase of CPT has not tion ease, he is urged to consult yet been filled. Any students, ex- either the Business Office or the Of- cept freshmen, who are interested fice of the Chief Resident Physician should obtain further information (Continued on Page 6) immediately at the Department of at the Hospital or the Business Of- Aeronautical Engineering, B-47 East fice of the University, on the Campus. Engineering Building. Shirley W. Smith L i Notice: Attention of all concernen and particularly of those having of- fices in Haven Hall, or the Western ,mri.inn of f1 1JNtura 1 Scince iild- |Freshmeni who competed In the Hopwood contest should call at the Hopwood Room for their manuscripts, this afternoon. R. W. Cowden ,ar, m .. ®.. w ,,. .