r At11!URDAY. APRHt~L,26. 19t41 THE MICHIGAN DAILY _ i- L L6111 }'l1 .Li/'Ii THE MICHIGAN DAILY Letters To The Editor I6 m ; c,- Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Published every morning except Monday during the University year and Summer Session. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newpaper. All. tights of republication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, a second class mail matter. Subscriptions during the regular school year by carrier $4.00; by mail, $4.50. AEPRESENT90 FOR NATIONAL ADVERTISING BY National Advertising Service, Inc. College Publishers Representative 420 MADISON AVE. NEW YORK. N. Y. rRICAGO -BOSTON . Los ANGELES * SAN FRANCISCO Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1940-41 Editorial Staff Hervie Haufler Alvin Sarasohn Paul M. Chandler Laurence Mascott Karl Kessler Milton Orshefsky Howard A. Goldman Donald Wirtchafter Esther Osser Helen Corman * . . Managing Editor Editorial Director . .. . . . City Editor . . . ,. Associate Editor . . . . Associate Editor . . . . Associate Editor . . . . Associate Editor S . . . Editor . . . . Women's Editor * . . . Exchange Editor Business Staff Business Manager Assistant Business Manager Women's Business Manager Women's Advertising Manager . . . . Irving Guttman Robert Gilmour Helen Bohnsack Jane Krause NIGHT EDITOR: EMILE GELE The editorials published in The Michi- gan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only.. Defense Prosperity And Unemployment .. . NOW THAT THIS NATION has dedi- cated itself to the defense of world democracy many people believe domestic prob- lems will be solved or postponed by the me- chanics of, the greater problem. There is the feeling that the ominous horde of unemployed will somehow be absorbed by the defense pro- gram; and that after democracy has won, the "new world order" will automatically include a permanent solution of the employment question. The fact is, however, that not only is a greater period of depression imminent after the war; but the defense program can by no means pro- vide positions for all the mass of jobless who, as Hitler has declared, are a fundamental indica- tion of the inefficiency of a free economy. ACCORDING TO the National Industrial Con- ference Board, there were 6,650,000 jobless in October of 1940; and, although other agencies estimated' as high as nine million unemployed, the census of April, 1940, tended to agree with the Board. Considering the defense contracts awarded with the nine and a half billion dollar appropriation of 1940, the Board estimate that the number of jobless would be reduced to 4,400,- 000 by June of 1941. This estimate deals only with defense work and does not include allow- ance for the rise in civilian production which may result from increased purchasing power. But the Board alsohad to make important as- sumptions that affect the significance of the estimate. THE BOARD assumed that unemployed work- ers would be available at the right time and place; while later practice showed that the loca- tions of vast numbers of jobless did not corre- spond with the location of the jobs, and that the skilled laborers most needed had lost ability during the long periods of enforced idleness. Another assumption was that the prevailing output for each worker would remain the same. Instead, however, industry has preferred to bring many part-time laborers up to full time, to pay overtime to full-time workers, and to develop labor-saving programs and devices rath- er than hire from the ranks of the long-idle jobless. IT WAS THOUGHT that adequate equipment and materials would be available for imme- diate production; but shortages of vital ma- chinery has slowed work and kept men unem- ployed. Nor were labor difficulties taken into account; and the exaggerated publicity of strikes at least indicates the import nce of union ac- tivity. Another assumption 6f the Board was that civil production would maintain a standard level; while, actually, a decline has occurred due to adaptation of many industries to defense pro- duction. AMONG THE OTHER FACTORS that must be considered is the nature of the unemployed. For example, about one-third of the jobless is composed of youth which has been cast on the labor market without the practice and; skill essential to most of the defense industries. Negroes, who constitute a great proportion of - the unemployed, are primarily unskilled; and, more important, are discriminated against in a majority of the production factories. Then To the Editor: Mr. Niketh's clear-cut support for "packing" the Board in Control of Student Publications is a direct challenge to free speech on the Michi- gan - campus. HIS CONCEPTION of the "tenets of reputable journalism" has been constructed on the basis of his own viewpoint on American foreign policy, not upon the deep-rooted understanding of the democratic process to which his later remarks give lip-service. Perturbed at the writers who "flippantly im- pugn the integrity of our national leaders," Mr. Niketh seeks to reconstruct The Daily feature staff so as to "secure one representative of us." Democracy spoke and America closed ranks"; The Daily writers must not criticize the Roose- velt Administration and must not attempt to open those ranks. Therefore, Mr. Niketh con- tends, we must elect a Board in Control or in- crease the size of the Board in Control so that it weill appoint a Daily staff with views on public policy akin to his own. MR. NIKETH'S REMARKS, however, have some nasty implications. "It is my opinion," he writes, "that we must adopt the technique of certain small but well-knit groups that have captured the important publications posts." And since he had to "look twice at the masthead" to gather whether he was reading "our college newspaper or the Daily Worker," it becomes quite evident that he believes The Daily and the Board in Control to be, manned and nefariously managed by Communists to the detriment of the students, the University, the Republic, and world democracy. It is because we feel that a criticism of The Daily's feature articles should be based upon sounder grounds and more general premises than can be implied from Mr. Niketh's attack, that we propose to state our conception of the function of the editorial page of a campus news- paper. It is only from such an approach that one can make an intelligent and fair evaluation. THE EDITORIAL PAGE of a. college paper is vital to its purpose, for it represents one of the few media wherein the full and free clash of student opinion may take place. The very process of education and the intellectual growth it makes possibly imply the necessity for ex- pressing and testing opinions in the evolvement of individual philosophies. It is the function of the editorial staff to lead and stimulate dis- cussion on the important issues facing the stu- dent in every phase of his life. Each staff writer has the right to express himself-even further is obligated to do so. And this expression must reflect his own individual point of view, unham- pered by any general policy imposed on him from above. He has this right because the letter columns are open to all individuals who would contest these opinions or express their own. It is the function of the columnists, moreover, to express their own personalviews in an effort td kindle the fire of discussion even further and thus to make the role of The Daily more effec- tive. Viewed from this broader perspective, the writings of Touchstone and other Daily editors are indeed justified. May we reply further to Mr. Niketh that the, content of Touchstone's column was more than a "flippant" commentary or a "half-truth" twisted into a "vicious distortion." For, as Mr. Lippman so forcibly pointed out in his column A Question For Americans .. THIS EDITORIAL asks a question-a short, simple question. It is a ques- tion many Americans have thought of asking. But first-some background. In August, 1940, the United States Legislature passed the Selec- tive Service Act, which took 1,400,000 of Ameri- cans, aged 21 to 35, out of private life and placed them in the United States Army-to defend our shores. TODAY, April, 1941, Washington circles are certain that by August, 1941, youths between the ages of 18 and 21 will be forced to join this defense army. U.S. Army officials admit that to defend America against invasion does not require a ter- rific amount of manpower, but merely enough to work the machines of defense, plus a normal standing Army. EVEN PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT assures us that American troops will never be sent abroad, nor would there be any use for Ameri- can troops if they were sent abroad. And yet, in addition to our million 21-35 con- scripts, we will soon have another million-kids from 18 to 21-learning to use millions of bayo- nets "to defend our shores." These 18-21 con- scripts, please notice, will probably not be in place of, but in addition to, our present draft army. And there are rumors that the period of internment will be not one year, but "for the duration." W HY? -- David Lachenbruch the army of construction workers who were em- ployed at building army camps and new defense factories will have to find places in other de- fense production. 'ONSIDERING the chief aspects of the unem- ployment question, one must regard de- fense prosperity as an inadequate and temporary stimulus to an apparently inefficient economy. Defense spending is fundamentally unsound as an employment solution because it puts more money into material than into wages. Its in- adequacy, however, can be partly relieved by an nrn 'C0ri a Fth in a c n.C f nn rn. n r 4, 1 c.#' last week, President Roosevelt has not dealt honestly with the American people. Proceeding clearly and certainly along the road to war by small and imperceptible steps-skillfully calcu- lated so as not to provoke explosive opposition at any given time-is not presenting the issues squarely to his constituents, the American people. Sending convoys half-way to Britain is violating the spirit of the Lend-Lease Bill as well as Pres- ident Roosevelt's own remarks at the time of its passage. It exemplifies, all the more strongly, the consistent attempt on the part of the Admin- istration to use every legal trick in its bag of tactical tools to circumvent the very nature of the democratic process that the issues involved in public policy be fairly and clearly presented. FURTHERMORE. Mr. Niketh's insistence on newspapermen "who believe in our system of free enterprise which is the only existing economic order compatible with freedom and human progress"-evidences an extremely naive understanding of the structure of the American economy. If his interpretation of the phrase "free enterprise" is to be taken literally, it makes little sense in terms of such studies as the TNEC investigations, Berle and Means analysis of the role of the large corporation, Prof. Burns' work on The Decline of Competition, and the picture of the American economy drawn by the National Resources Committee. For large concentrations of economic power have made meaningless the classical conception of the free, atomistic role of the individual in economic life. Therefore, the use of the phrase "free enterprise" as a basis for evaluating the editorial page of the Michiganr Daily seems to be a curious sort of catch-all to describe what is patriotic. We have tried to defend on general grounds the free expression of opinion in The Daily edi- torial page and, furthermore, to demonstrate the validity of the specific ideas Mr. Niketh has at- tacked. He has argued for "packing" the Board in Control: first, to insure an editorial policy that would reflect his particular interpretations of proper public policy; and, secondly, to obtain a "feature staff that is representative of us." the first argument is contrary to a constructive arid liberal understanding of the role of a college newspaper. And his second objective he would attempt to achieve by increasing the number of acuty or alumni representatives on the Board- a peculiar method of securing wider student rep- resentation. THE BOARD IN CONTROL as now constituted is exercising an important function for the M/ichigan Daily. It aids in the management of finances, provides for succession in personnel, and ably serves as an advisory and counselling body to the student editors. But to ask that the Board impose an editorial policy on the staff y. to contravene the really vital and unique role of a campus newspaper. Regimentation properly belongs to a totalitarian state; the hope of de- mocracy dies in the free expression of ideas. Edward R. Fried, '41. Harold D. Osterweil, '41 The AReply Churlisb by TOUCHSTONE YESTERDAY about fifteen million high school students in town, and I got an idea. I tried to tell the difference between them and us. Wow! First I though I would proceed on a basis of clothes. College men and women are supposedly the leaders of the nation in the fashion field. So I kept looking for clothes like Our Bill wears in the funny papers. I sneaked close to one group of giddy looking little danes, buzzing ex- citedly and moving their hands around a lot, and they were saying cute and darling and ducky things like that, so I figured aha, high school. Then one of them turned and said, "Well let's let's get back to the house," and I saw that they were wearing sorority pins - The main difference between university women and high school girls, I decided, is only that the university women are a little plumper. Need more exercise and less self-confidence. Next a seriouys looking group of young men discussing the situation in Europe. Getting wise by now, so I tagged them as high school debaters -a subtle deduction. Wrong again. One of them looked at watch, yipped "Jesus, we gotta play a concert in five minutes." Band-don't know which high school. Crowd of uncomfortable looking people stand- ing on front steps of Angell Hall getting picture took. High school, I said to myself. Right. We don't have our pictures took. WENT INTO COKE SHOP at the proper hour. Went out again. No use even trying. No difference at all if you put both classes behind a tall glass with the juke box going up front. All God's chillun drinks cokes. Saw some snazzy signs on the grass, very very collegiate, very very funny and sort of pitifully earnest about keep off the grass, humor adoles- cent, object better civil consciousness. High school, I named to myself. Wrong again. Ex- Boy Scouts, organized for the protection of lawns under a Greek letter name. We are all nice kids at heart. Doing our best to keep ourselves physically fit, mentally alert, morally straight. Saw a tired looking person, with glasses, and books under arms. A symbol, I decided. Ob- viously college, with an exam. Wrong. Young high school teacher, hunting for her group to take them back to the bus. rEVVAT. nffCT.AT.- Th~rn.i 0jf.art dffr" ire D)w"Pednoi andQ Robeit S.Allei WASHINGTON - There was a sec- ret telephone call to the White" House during the dealocked coal ne- gotiations that Franklin Roosevelt will never forget. It came from John L. Lewis, who ate humble pie and per- sonally asked Roosevelt for help. In last year's election no one assail- ed Roosevelt more bitterly in public than Lewis. His private remarks were even more vitriolic. And when the coal parleys began, Lewis insisted that the Government keep hands off. DEFENSE CHIEFS, foreseeing ex_ actlywhat happened later, want- ed Secretary Perkins to certify the case to the new Defense Mediation Board before the mines were shut down. But she balked, on the advice of her conciliation chief, Dr. John Steelman, reported to be playing close to Lewis. Lewis, who had opposed the cre- ation of the Mediation Board, was vehemently against turning the coal negotiations over it. Its first request was sure to be that the mines con- tinue running in the interest of de- fense production. Lewis' strategy was to shut down the mines tight, thus forcing all operators to sign up at the same time. So by not calling in the Mediation Board, Miss Perkins and Steelman played squarely into John L.'s horny hands. Lewis Phones Roosevelt LATER, however, the situation got out of his hands. Southern op- erators refused to accede to Lewis' de- mands, walked out of the negotia- tions. This kind of resistance he had not expected. And as the deadlock continued, Lewis became worried over mounting public sentiment. It was at this point that John L. swallowed his pride and turned for help to the man he had blasted last October with fire and brimstone. Telephoning the President, Lewis asked for assurance that the Gov- ernment's Bituminous Coal Division would act speedily in authorizing an increase in coal prices. This, of course, would permit the coal operators to pass the wage boost on to the public. Roosevelt was friendly - but made no promises. HE TOLD LEWIS he was sure the Bituminous Coal Division would act expeditiously, and referred him to Secretary Ickes, boss of the coal bur- eau. Then Lewis telephoned Ickes, who was equally polite and equally unresponsive. Next day, Defense Price Regulator Leon Henderson, after conferring with Ickes, issued an order freezing coal prices until the Division had time to make a careful survey of the situiation. And Ickes, several days later, announced that preliminary statistics indicated that improved mining methods had reduced the av- erage cost of producing coal 18 cents a ton. This would hardly justify a price raise. Danish Minister's Rent N DEFYING Hitler by signing the treaty placing Greenland under the United States, the Danish Minis- ter added insult to injury by agree- ing to the plan while living on Ger- man territory. For the Danish Le- gation is Washington is located in the building formerly occupied by the Austrian legation, and turned over to the Germans by Minister Edgar Prochnik after the Vienna anschluss. Relations between landlord and tenant have been anything but cord- ial for some time. Danish Minister de Kauffmann has even broken off diplomatc relatons wth the German Embassy to the extent of refusng to pay hs rent direct to the Nazi rep- resentatives. Instead he turns it over to the real estate firm which nego- tiated the lease for the property. Just what action will be taken fol- lowing the latest overt act is not clear. The Germansmay order de Kauff- mann to move out of the house, as they did his next-door neighbor, Czech Minister Vladimir Hurban. Hurban refused to comply and has been sustained by the State Depart- ment, but what assistance they may be able to render de Kauffmann, whose legation is actual German pro- perty, remains to be seen. Wooden Trainers THE OPM may claim that since Aluminum was put. on the priority list the supply problem in this vital metal is well in hand, but Army Air Corps heads are taking no chances. They are quietly considering a plan to change the specifications for basic and primary training planes from aluminum to wood and fabric. THE USE OF WOOD and fabric in construction of planes is as old as aviation itself, and still is common in private plane manufacture. If the plan is put into effect, it will mean a (Continued from Page 2) Chairman. Interviewing will be Tues- day, April 29, by appointment. Coming Events Varsity Glee Club will have no re- hearsal Sunday. Meet Monday at 7:30 p.m. in Union for the Rotary dinner concert. Formal dress will be required. There will be a short meet- ing on Thursday, May 1, and election of officers will be held May 8. Both of these meetings will be in the Union at 7:30 p.m. Graduate Outing Club: Regular meeting at 2:30 Sunday afternoon. Final plans will be made for an over night outing on May 3-4. Brmng fee for reservation. The Institute of Aeronautical Sci- ences will make an inspection tour of The Stout Engineering Laboratories the Air Traffic Control Station at Wayne County Airport, and the Stin- son Factory on Tuesday, April 9. Transportation will be provided by bus. Pay Mrs. Anderson in the Aero Office the fare as soon as possible. Only Juniors and Seniors are ex- cused from classes Tuesday for the trip, and bnly members of the Insti- tute will be accommodated on the bus. Those who intend to drive snould see Professor Stalker for permission. Bus leaves East Engineering Build- ing at 8:30 a.m. The International Center: Sunday evening at 7:30 Mr. William Strick- land of the American Automobile Association (AAA) will speak in the Center on some attractive, inexpen- sive motor trips for the summer vaca- tion. This talk is in the series with others on travel information for foreign students. Graduate Students, and others in- terested, are invited to listen to a program of recorded music in the Men's Lounge of the Rackham Build- ing on Tuesday, April 29, at 8:00 p.m. The program follows: Beethoven, Symphony No. 7. Ravel, La Valse. Strauss, Don Quixote. Lutheran Student Association: The a cappella choir will meet for re- hearsal Sunday at 4:00 p.m. in the Zion Parish Hall. The Lutheran Student Foundation will hold its an- nual business meeting and banquet in the Zion Parish Hall Sunday at 5:30 p.m. Rev. Paul Krauss from Fort Wayne, Ind., will be the prin- cipal speaker for the evening. All interested are invited. A joint luncheon meeting of the Ninth Adult Education Institute and the Ann Arbor Woman's Club will be held in the Michigan League Tues- day, April 29 at 12:15. Speaker, Carl Sandburg. Reservations should be made at the extension service (tele- phone 354) by Monday noon. Stu- dents and faculty invited. Ann Arbor Friends: Study Group will meet Sunday at 3:30 p.m. in Lane Hall, to continue the discussion of the bases of Quakerism. All women interested in living in a cooperative next semester please come to 328 East Huron on Sunday, April 27, at 1:45 p.m. There will be inter- viewing by the personnel committee. Churches Disciples Guild (Christian Church) 10:45 a.m. Morning Worship, Rev. Fred Cowin, Minister. 6:30 p.m. Disciples Guild Sunday Evening Hour. Dr. E. W. Blakeman, Director of Religious Education at the University, will speak on "The Bible as Literature." Informal discussion, social hour, and refreshments will follow. Unitarian Church: 11:00 a.m. "The Impersonal Enemies of Religion,"f sermon by Rev. Marley. 12 Noon: Annual Parish meeting: Reports and election of Trustees. 7:30 p.m. Liberal Students Union: "Propaganda."' Discussion led by Professor Mentor Williams. Zion Lutheran Church will hold regular services Sunday morning at 10:30. Mr. Wiederanders will deliver the sermon on "The Risen Shepherd." First Methodist Church: Student Class at 9:30 a.m. with Prof. George E. Carrothers in the Wesley Founda- tion Assemly Room. Morning Wor- ship at 10:40. Dr. Charles W. Bra- shares will preach on "Seeing the World." Wesleyan Guild meeting at 6:00 p.m. A student program on "China Today." Supper and fellow- ship hour following the meeting. St. Andrew's Episcopal Church: SunoIay, 8:00 a.m. Holy Communion; 9:30 a.m. High School Class, Harris Hall; 11:00 a.m. Morning Prayer and Sermon by the Reverend Henry Lew- is; 11:00 a.m. Kindergarten, Harris Hall; 11:00 a.m. Junior Church; 8:00 p.m. College Work Program, Harris Hall. Installation of officers and cabinet and Rededication of Bishop Williams Memorial Chapel. Recep- tion following. First Baptist Church: 10:30 a.m.- 12:15 p.m. A unified service of wor- ship and study. Sermon: "The King- dom of God." A special program of worship, study, and activity for chil- dren of the Kindergarten and Pri- mary groups. 6:30 p.m. The Roger Williams Guild will meet in the Guild House. 6:30 p.m. Dr. Himler, psychiatry specialist at the Health Service, will speak on "Religion and Mental Health." The High School Young People's Fellowship will meet in the church. Ann Arbor Society of Friends meet- ing Sunday in Lane Hall. There will be a silent meeting for worship at 5:00 p.m. and a business meeting at 6:00 p.m. All interested are invited. On Monday there will' be an infor- mal luncheon at Lane Hall at 12:15 p.m. for Professor Jesse Holmes, Pro- fessor Emeritus of Philosophy at Swarthmore College. Reservations may be made at Lane Hall until Sun- day night. Professor Holmes will de- liver a talk at Lane Hall on "Can Re- ligion be Scientific" at 4:15 p.m. Monday. Everyone interested is in- vited. He will, also speak at the meeting of the Fellowship of Recon- ciliation in the evening. First Church of Christ, Scientist: Sunday morhing service at 10:30. Subject:"Probation After Death." Sunday School at 11:45 a.m. Trinity Lutheran Church will hold regular services Sunday morning at 10:30. Rev. Yoder will deliver the sermon on "A True and Tested Lead- ership." First Congregational Church: 9:30 a.m. Junior and Intermediate Depts. of Church School. 10:30 a.m. Primary and Kinder- garten Depts. of Church School. 10:45 a.m. Services of Public Wor- ship. Dr. L. A. Parr will preach on "The Sin of Accidia." 5:30 p.m. Ariston -League High School group will meet for a pot- luck supper at Pilgrim Hall. 7:00 p.m. Student Fellowship will hold a joint meeting with the Ypsi- lanti group in Pilgrim Hall. Miss Es- ther Ewell, State Director from East Lansing, will lead a discussion on "The Tie That Binds." First Presbyterian Church: Sun- day morning Worship, 10:45. "A World-Riddle", subject of the sermon by Dr. W. P. Lemon. Westminster Student Guild, supper at 6:00 p.m. with meeting at 7:00 p.m. Dr. Lemon will speak on "Hu- man Moods in Great Literature." This will be Readings from the Bible and World Literature with organ accompaniment. The Sunday Evening Club, ,8:00 p.m. Mrs. Reischer will give a talk on "Travel Through the Artist's Eyes." DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN RADIO SPOTLIGHT WJR CKLW WWJ WXYZ 760 KC - CBS 800 KC - Mutual .950 KC - NBC Red 1270 KC - NBC Blue Saturday Evening 6:00 Stevenson News British Sketchbook Ty Tyson v, Day In Review 6:15 Detroit Gas Com To Be Announced S. L. A. Marshall Sandlotters 6:30 Inside of Sports America Recordings Vass Family' 6:45 D. Kennedy Con rSpeaks Girl Reserves New World News 7:00 People's Between Ourselves Organ Music Town Talk 7:15 Platform News-Val Clare Sports Parade News Ace 7:30 News Comes Sons of World Of Little 01' 7:45 To Life the Saddle; News Music Hollywood 8:00 The Marriage To Be Knickerbocker The Greed 8:15 Club Announced Playhouse Hornet 8:30 Duffy's Tavern Hawaii Truth or Bishop and 8:45 News at 8:55 Calls Consequences the' Gargoyle 9:00 Your To Be National Barn Song of 9:15 BMI Hit Announced Dance with Your Life 9:30 Parade Contact a Corny At 9:35-NBC 9:45 Sat. Serenade -Musical Cast Symphony,- 10:00 Musical Chicagoland Uncle Ezra's Arturo 10:15 Wayne King Concert Program Toscanini,