THE MICHIGAN . D+ IL - 'PA' 'i°. ! THE .. .nmICHIGAN BwA ./t fJ48. Dai~t~ ~vK1 ~Z~'~8~J ~JL~1 V J Tww A~v eU f9WWWA'"I r I&T ri A YT 'UT 1 T.I V AH;IIA1 DAIL Y National Democracy Group Stresses Student Freedom Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority bf the Board in Control of Student Publications. Published every morning except Monday during the University year and Summer Session. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newpaper. Al ,rtiseo repuiaton of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, MlchlgAn, as second class mail matter._ nu seriputons during the regular ichool year by- carrier $4.00: by mail, $4.50 r.PR5ESNTE Pf)R tATIONAL ADVERTLINIhGVV National Advertising Service; Inc. College Publishers Representative 420I MAbISON AVE. NEW YORK. N.Y. chICAGO - BOSTON - Los ANCELsE SAN FRANcisco Vember, Associated Collegiate Press, 1940-41 Editorial Staff Hervie Haufier Alvin Sarasobd Paul M. Chandler Karl Kessler Milton Orshefsty Howard A. Goldman-. Laurence Mascott Donald Wirtehafter Esther Osser pelen Corman * . . Managing Editor Editorial Director City Editor Associate Editor . . . Associate Editor . . . Associate Editor * . . Associate Editor .ports Editor 'Women's Editor Exchange Editor Business Staff Business Manager . Assistant Business Manager Women's Business Manager Women's Advertising Manager Irving Guttman Robert Glmour Helen Bohnsack Jane Krause NIGHT EDITOR: ROSEBUD SCOTT The editorials published in The Michi- gan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. America Sells To Expanding Japan . . JAPAN in the last few months has dropped all pretense of maintaining peacetime economic relations with the United States by freezing yen assets in this country and by gradually withdrawing the financialbacking of large Japanese companies; yet, the United States government continues to' support the spreading "new order" in the Far East, an order which conflicts directly with American interests. Recent restriction on scrap iron and machine tools was regarded as a progressive move toward reconciling the United States' diplomatic and economic policy; and apparently, most people think this act should be the final movement in the right direction. For during the period of greatest tension in recent times, the United States has permitted an enormous increase in sales of certain strategic.materials to Japan. PROBABLY the most prominent example of economic irony has been the 250 per cent in- crease of oil purchases by Japan in the United States during the. past year. In November of 1939 Japan bought 215,000 barrels of American gasoline; while in November of 1940 746,000 barrels were purchased. This oil, undoubtedly used. to grease the machinery of Japan's south- ward expansion, is symbolic of the asinine cod- dling of a nation which has repeatedly expressed its animosity toward American interests. It is significant that a similar increase in oil pur- chases occurred during 1937, immediately before the assault on China. Another example of the obvious commercial trickery connived by the United States govern- ment is Japan's chartering ships sorely needed in Eastern trade and aid to Britain. The Mari- time Commission passed a license regulation which prohibited Japanese use of American ships, but certain shipping companies are so attracted by Japan's bid of $20 per ton for tankers usually renting at $5 per ton that they have transferred their vessels to Panama and legally rented them to Japan from there. T HIS CATERING to Japanese commercial de- sires has produced such a shortage of vessels in the Far East that shipping rates have gone up 25 percent in the last few months. At a time when rubber imports are exigent for the United States, less shipping is being done. As the Philippines are growing restless over the military expansion of Japan, their economic problems are intensified because the United States cannot import sufficient sugar. American ships that should be aiding in American defense are carry- ing goods for an Axis power. Past events have justified a compromising pol- icy' regarding Japan, a policy which permitted the export of certain vital materials so that Japan would not be forced to penetrate the Dutch East Indies and adjacent territory in search of war commodities. Recent Japanese activity in Indo-China, Thailand, and islands within 700 miles of Singapore has indicated a determined advance into the Indies regardless of American commercial policy. Some observers believe Matsuoka's current visit to the Axis leaders is a prelude to more vigorous military pressure in the areas that provide products of great importance to American economy. fAPAN has indicated in all her recent actions By CHESTER BRADLEY (Note: Six University students last week-end at- tended the National Conference For Democracy held at Harvard University. Among the attendants were Irving Zeiger, Robert Solomon, Margaret Camp- bell, Alestair Craig, Leada Miller and Chester Brad- ley. Herein are a few reactions and interpretations of that conerence, none of which is intended to represent the opinions of the whole Michigan group.) ITNO LONGER REQUIRES an astute political prophet to predict the dominant trends and tendencies of a pre-war state. Even a politically naive citizen can describe with surprising ac- curacy and preciseness the exact patterns of repression in that pre-war state. Numberless persons are at such a time excessively sensitive to even the mildest criticisms of their govern- mental institutions. They are hedged in with fears, suspicions and hatreds. They distrust their closest neighbors, especially if those neigh- bors bear what they deem a "foreign" name. They shun, indeed openly attack, all bold and daring social thinking. As the period of con- traction becomes intensified, they advocate vio- lent repression of whatever they choose to call "subversive." They begin to talk nostalgically and sentimentally about an abstracted "way of life." Such is pre-war society. In precisely such a portentous atmosphere youthful delegates gathered at Harvard last week-end to attend the National Conference For Democracy In Education. To nearly all of them it was evident that their own United States gov- ernment was nearing formal involvement in the Second World War. The inevitable contraction had already set in. To their alert and impres- sionable young minds the concrete details of that contraction were clear. In New York, for exam- ple, the Rapp-Coudert Committee was carrying on its revelations of what it considered "radical" teaching. The textbooks of Harold O. Rugg were still under fire from the National Asscia- tion of Manufacturers. Increased militarization on the college campus was everywhere reported. The delegates were acutely aware that they were facing a repetition of the repressive era growing out of the First World War. They knew what undesirable effects it would have on the content of their own education. They knew their campus press would be threatened by regimentation, that the preservation of other civil liberties would be difficult, if not impossible. Still they had the courage and determination to fight those devel- opments as best they could. TO THE 400 DELEGATES coming from 63 colleges and universities in 15 states academ- ic freedom was an issue of major importance. The delegates realized that academic freedom was an essential prerequisite of education in democracy, that limitations and restrictions on that freedom would ultimately destroy its es- sence. Academic freedom was not a particularis- tic concept, they argued, applicable only to a certain set of narrowly defined conditions. To fulfil its real meaning in a democratic society, it necessarily had to be universial. On that issue the delegates took a forthright stand, deserving of widespread support. It is no longer popular to defend academic freedom, whenever it is specifically threatened in the universities across the country. So many modern liberals have resorted to thinking almost solely in terms of 'discipline" and have failed to chal- lenge serious threats to their one-time popular principle of academic freedom. Part of this fail- ure is sometimes due to their fear of the 'Red" label, no matter how .indiscriminately and un- fairly that label is applied. Thus they are no longer eager to join in a common defense of those ideals which at one time were inestimably prec- A Briton Ridicules American Aid . . N OT VERY MANY YEARS after our entrance into the first World War, it became a vogue in England to refer to our part in that conflict as purely monetary. But in 1941, a certain Englishman is too impatient to wait until after the war's end before mocking Ameri- can aid. This man, C. J. Grey, editor of Jane's All the World's Aircraft (the most authoritative publication in its field), wrote a caption for a photograph of an American bomber being towed across the Canadian border in the begin- ning of the war. He remarked, "Horse traction was used in the early part of the war because flying war planes between the two countries was regarded as non-neutral. Now that the United States has decided to support the war financially 'to the last Englishman,' prepara- tions are being made to fly flying fortresses di- rect to England." This statement is not the prattle of a politi- cian or a newspaper columnist. It was made by- a man who is in close touch with the English airplane industry and, those who run it. C. G. Grey is not extending any hand across the sea to us, and he reaffirmed this in a press inter- view after the Air Ministry had rebuked him. MR. GREY'S PUBLISHERS admit that they made a slip in letting the caption go into print. But Mr. Grey himself did not make any mistake when he revised "Uncle Shylock" for his worldwide readers. For he is equally out- spoken on other phases of American aid. He terms the U.S. flying fortresses "utter damn nonsense and a huge flying target." He also doesn't "care a damn" about an export ban on the book he edited.- If America is going to aid Britain it should do so without any illusions. Jane's All The World's Aircraft has given us an inadvertent view of a resnected Englishman's nnininns on our finan- ious to them. Fortunately the delegates at the Harvard Conference had retained their single- minded devotion to those ideals. One had only to observe the immediately evi- dent seriousness and earnestness of the delegates to realize that as a group they were prepared to oppose clear abrogations of democratic prin- ciples in education as they returned in their de- cision to set up a permanent organization, to be known as the National Conference for Democracy in Education, designed to implement by specific action the thinking and discussion of the Con- ference. AS ALWAYS at such meetings there was dis- played a seemingly, naive faith in the ulti- mate efficacy of passing resolutions, signing pe- titions, formulating vocal protests. Likewise su- premely idealistic was their simple, and perhaps unjustified, faith in the final effectiveness of their campaigns of protests planned for their individual campuses. Yet, even if those cam- paigns resulted in the reinstatement of a few sus- pended faculty members and students, they must have inwardly recognized that the whole delicate problem of civil rights in a democracy would not automaticaly then be solved. That the whole question was directly related to a world at war was painfully true. Athough the delegates public- ly proclaimed their intention to carry on at least a rudimentary campaign for democratic principles in education, they must have known that the shadows of a war world were settling down over their own United States, that their courageously conceived campaigns would neces- sarily have limited effects. Even in the enthus- iasms of an actively operating social conscious- ness, one must still be a political realist. P RADIOCode For Broadcsters By DAVID LACHENBRUCH ON JULY 10, 1939, the National Association of Broadcasters, at their convention at Atlantic City, adopted a code, and pedged that they would'keep it. Four hundred and twenty-five member stations signed this pledge, and that included members of all major networks. What were the provisions of this code, and how well were they kept? Some of the main points were that news should be broadcast with- out bias or editorial comment, there should be no paid sponsorship permitted for broadcasts on controversial issues, that eventually all re- ligious or evangelistic programs should be out- lawed, that time allotted for controversial issues should be distributed fairly to all elements con- cerned and that forum programs should be encouraged. There were also time limits imposed on commercial announcements. T IS MY OPINION that the broadcasters have failed miserably to live up to their pledge. Referring to news "commentators" they ex- plained: "The primary service which a broad- caster can render in the news field is to inform the public as to what is happening and to make as clear as possible the significance of events, rather than to express either his own approval or disapproval or to devote some time to the editorial opinions of some particular commenta- tors." Since the war, there are any number of editorial commentators, who prefer to "color" their news instead of giving it straight. Some occasional offenders are Lowell Thomas, Kal- tenborn, Kennedy and Boake Carter, when he broadcasts. Are there now paid sponsors for controversial subjects? Of course! Listen some night to Fa- ther Coughlin's pal, Gerald L. K. Smith. Or how about turning to WJR tonight at nine, when you'll hear a talk on a very very contro- versial subject by W. J. Cameron, sponsored by a very very controversial manufacturer of mo- tor cars. This political sermon is listed on most radio programs as a Sunday evening hour of symphonic music. So most people who turn on the radio to listen to good music, not to have their opinions seduced, are subjected to this controversial matter. And there is no equal time allotted to any opposite sides. ALSO IN THE CODE were provisions for the limiting of time for commercial announce- ments. In evening programs, it's interesting to note, the limit is two and a half minutes per 15-minute program, three minutes per half-hour program and six minutes per hour program. I have found that many programs do not adhere to these limitations, but will check further and have statistics in Thursday's column. The code for children's programs should make anyone familiar with that type of enter- tainment snicker: "Scripts should be based on sound social concepts and written for a child audience. They should inculcate respect for parents, adult authority, law and order, clean living, high morals, fair play and honorable living. They must not contain horror, torture or suspense . . . supernatural or superstition." WINGS OF DESTINY - PROPAGANDA? This half-hour cigarette program (WWJ- 10 p.m. Friday)--is the one which gives away an airplane a week. And here's what you have to do to win the plane this week: - You write an essay on "America needs 50,000 planes for defense because . . ." That's a subtle, but efficacious form of propaganda, 'which can be- come vicious. Besides influencing opinion, no matter who its sponsor, may have as its aim using the con- testant a sne memb, o. a +tlaimc.m 4-fmm ,r, FIRE & WfRTER by mascott THE CASE of democracy vs. the Ford Motor Company has finally come to a showdown. And what a sh owdown. In this column, we're not going to attempt to pose as an authority on the CIO vs. Henry Ford, et al. We can say only that we were in Dearborn during the first day of the strike, that we visited and talked with officials and members of the CIO and that we talked and visited with and escaped death four times at the hands of the workers and service men inside the plant. But let's skip the rhetoric. * * * QUESTION NUMBER ONE: Was the strike premature and why was it called last Tuesday night? From all the evidence we could garner, the Ford Company, faced with an election and possible strike at River Rouge, began a systematic re- placement of regular CIO workers with illiterate, ignorant "scabs" in an attempt to stock the election with anti-CIO votes and to build up a substantial "scab" crew who could run the plant in the event of the strike. Last Tuesday night, however, when members of the CIO saw even more of the "scabs" sent in while their men were being "layed off", they concluded that they could wait no longer, n; t even for the NLRB de- cree-for if they waited too long, the "scab" vote and crew would be too substantial. * * * QUESTION NUMBER TWO: what validity has the Ford claim, via Capizzi, that "Communism is rife in the UAW-CIO strike?" Mr. Capizzi's claim cops the award for the most vicious "red herring" of an extreme red-baiting year. In the first place, the charge is irrelevant since the Wagner Act is a law deal- ing with collective bargaining rights and. the fact that the employer must deal with any union official that ful- fills the terms of the act. Secondly, the "red-charge" is somewhat impo- litic on Ford's part since the UAW- CIO at its most recent convention adopted a resolution attacking "Com- munism, Naziism and Fascism" and it was Mr. Henry Ford, Sr., that not too long ago accepted a medal from Herr Hitler. AS A MATTER OF FACT, every- where we went in Dearborn last Wednesday we found an almost unanimous hatred on the part of the CIO for the *!;-&2!*! Communists. General reasons cited by the CIO for its hatred of the Communists was (1) they (the Communists) can hurt us more than they can help us and (2) you can never trust them (the Communists). Incidentally, the Ford claim that the CIO is deliberately attempting to wreck national defense does not square with the all-out aid to England opinions of most of the UAW-CIO leaders, specifically Reu- ther, and the famed Reuther plan. QUESTION NUMBER THREE: What's going on inside the Ford plant? The inside of the River Rouge plant is a strange mixture of incongrous silence of machinery and stark ter- ror of the hundreds of "scabs." These "scabs" are mostly negroes, not too long out of the Deep South. We sus- pect that their ignorance has been capitalized upon. We do know that they have been told that the "CIO is out to kill them," and that the CIO 'hates negroes." These statements are, of course, outright lies since the CIO has promised and. given (we've seen them) safe conduct of all "loyal workers" through the picket lines to get out and, secondly, since the CIO has a substantial Negro membership) and officialdom. It is all, we fear, part of a deliberate attempt to split and discredit the CIO by stirring up race riots in Detroit and Dearborn. THE TENDENCY toward race riots has always been evident in De- troit and environs. Already, even last Tuesday, a few CIO men, facing the greatest struggle of their lives and seeing the Negro "scabs" barring the way to successful accomplishment of that struggle, began identifying "scab" with Negro. The vast majority of the CIO membership and leaders are showing splendid. understanding in their valiant attempts to stop this emerging prejudice-pointing out, for example, the large number of Negroes that are CIO members and also that the Negro "scabs" have been mis-led -but the tendency is growing and may offer one of the most tragic aspects of the strike and the most ser- ious offense on the record of Fascism in Dearborn. * * * INCIDENTALLY to Jack Weeks and the Detroit Free Press: No, you wern't the first newspaperman to en- ter the Ford plant under strike. Three Dailv men. all of us henring innocent (Continued from Page 6) "The Flying Cadet of U. S. Army," will be shown. All interested stu- dents are urged to be in prompt at- tendance at this meeting. The Department of Naval Science and Tactics will show sound movies on Astronomy on Tuesday, April 8, at 8:00 p.m. in the Amphitheatre, third floor of the Rackham Building. These movies are used for instruc- DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN Frosh Project Decorations Com- mittee. There will be an important meeting of the Committee at 4:15 p.m. Monday in the League. Every member should attend. Churches Zion Lutheran Church will hold palm Sunday, services on Sunday ings at Monday, the Michigan League o n tional purposes at the U.S. Naval morning at 10:30. Mr. Roland Wie- Faculty Women's Club:7 Reading Section will meet day afternoon, April 8, at in the Mary B. Henderson the Michigan League. Academy and consist of (1) Explor- ing the Universe, (2) The Solar Family, (3) The Earth in Motion, (4) The Moon. There will be no lec- ture in connection with the exhibi- tion. The public is cordially invited. The League house Representatives will meet at 4:3 p2.i on Tuesday, April 8, in the League. It is abso- lutely necessary that a member from each house be present for election of next year's officers will take place. Phi Beta Kappa annual meeting on Monday, April 7, at 3:30 p.m. in 1018 Angell Hall. Phi Delta Kappa business meeting on Tuesday, April 8, at 7:00 p.m. in the East Conference Room of the Rackham Building. German Table for Faculty Members will meet Monday at 12:10 p.m. in the Founders' Room, Michigan Union.. Members of all departments interest- ed in German conversation are cord- ially invited: There will be a brief talk on "Mexikanische Reisebilder" by Mr. H. W. Nordmeyer. The Monday Evening Drama Sec- tion of the Faculty Women's Club will meet on Monday, April 7, at 7:45 p.m. in the Michigan Union. The Civic Theater will present the program and members are urged to bring guests. I IL The Play on Tues- 2:15 p.m. Room of Hillel Institute of Jewish Studies:' The Avukah-Hillel Study Group willa meet Monday at the Hillel Founda- tion at 7:30 p.m. Members of the GREAT VESPERSa student choirs will listen to record- Says "WHEN THE ANIMAL in us wars against the soul it uses weapons stolen from an arsenal of the spirit,"f says a modern preacher. This weekn many persons with arguments in partw from the Scripture or with inferences" from a sketchy record will indulge1 in a type of religious adoration which encourages race animosity. Society needs a religion of racial confidence. Here is a Christian opportunity in line with the ideals for which Jesus lived and died. In America racial integrity is a right. Can we make that right popular? If the intellectual as he comes to Good Friday wishes to halt the dis- temper which now threatens religion in the entire western world, he should remind himself that over-simplifica-s tion of religious history and literature tends to distort the facts on whichC faith must rest. Research has doneI much in recent years to exalt the Gospel of Mark. A significant service could be performed if all would care-a fully reread the four Gospels. In do- ing so, one should compare them,t holding rigidly in mind that an in- tense national pride runs through the writings of Matthew, while aC sermon-like argument about God's eternal Word, written long after Je- sus' death, animates the Gospel ofI John. Drama, poetry and music are1 powerful allies of faith and are need- ed in religion. But one's social sense1 or critical faculty should never be checked at the door like an idle um-s brella. TO CATCH the spirit of Jesus and know His aim is of the essence. To be as considerate of truth as He was is also essential. Not only does Jesus' grandeur continue to hold the imagination and the affection of mil-X lions of adherents, but He has the love and respect alike of those who7 are direct critics and others who aret frank sinners. What is it in Himk which seems to have a purging value? What insights actually advance the person and the group toward a King- dom of God on earth? Wherein is' He social Savior? How may we fol- low him into all truth? In such a search we may move toward religious understanding and eventually toward unity. As Christians we can face the fact that our religion roots in Judaism; that prior- to our Christ, Moses and the Pronhets taught: that deranders will deliver the sermon on the theme: "The King Cometh. " Disciples Guild (Christian Church) 10:00 a.m. Students' Bible Class H. L. Pickerell, Leader. 10:45 a.m. Morning Worship, Rev. Fred Cowin, Minister. 6:30 p.m. Disciples Guild Sun- day Evening Hour, A Lenten wor- ship service will be followed by a discussion of "Creative Living in a World of Chaos" led by H. L. Picker- First Methodist Church: Student Class at 9:30'a.m. with Prof. George E. Carrothers. Morning Worship Service at 10:40. Dr. Charles W. Brashares will preach on "Times of Triumph." Wesleyan Guild meeting at 5:00 p.m. beginning with Tea and Election of officers for next year. At 6:00 p.m. there will be a Com- munion Service as the closing meet- ing for the Social Action Discus- sion series. At 7:00 p.m. the students having reservations will leave for the Ford Sunday Evening Hour. At 8:00 p.m. there will be an Easter play, "On the Third Day," presented by members of the Church Drama Guild in the Social Hall. St. Andrew's Episcopal Church- Sunday: 8:00 all. Holy Commun- ion; 9:30 a.m. High School Class, Harris Hall; 11:00 a.m. Holy Com- munion and Sermon by the Rev. Henry Lewis; 11:00 a.m. Junior Church; 11:00 a.m. Kindergarten, Harris Hall; 6:00 p.m. Student Din- ner and Election of the Cabinet, Harris Hall; 7:30 .p.m. Choral Even- song in the church with music by the Men's and Boys' Choir; 8:30 p.m. Student Guild, Harris Hall. Games and refreshments following the serv- ice of Choral Evensong in the church. First Presbyterian Church: The sixth in Lenten series, "The Insep- arable Society" by Dr. W. P. Lemon. Westminster Student Guild: Sup- per at 6:00 p.m. At 7:00 p.m. the members of the Guild will present Charles Rann Kennedy's play, "The Terrible Meek." The Sunday Evening Club will meet at 8:00 p.m. Trinity Lutheran Church will hold Palm Sunday services on Sunday morning at 10:30. Rev. H. O. Yoder will deliver the sermon on the theme: "The King of the Kingdom Re- jected." First 'Church of Christ, Scientist: Sunday morning service at 10:30. Subject: UNREALITY. Sunday School at 11:45 a.m. First Congregational Church: 10:00 a.m. Last address on the Lenten Symposium, "Religion and Life": Prof. Paul M. Cuncannon will talk on "Religion in Public Af- fairs" 10:45 a.m. Dr. L. A. Parr, in the seventh of his sermons on the Lenten theme, "Vital Questions," will preach on "Is He Redeemer, or a Mere Dreamer?" 5:30 p.m. Ariston League High School group will meet for supper at Pilgrim Hall. Program will fol- low, in which Lois Kivi will review the book, "Stand by for China." 7:00 p.m. Student Fellowship. A discussion will be led by Ken Morgan on "God of the Student." Ann Arbor Society of Friends (Quakers) meets Sunday in Lane Hall. 3:30 p.m.: Study group: "The Bases of Quakerism." 5:00 p.m.: Silent Meeting for Wor- ship. 6:00 p.m.: Mr. Herman Long will speak on "The Effect of Growing Up in a Minority Group on Personality." All interested are invited. First Baptist Church: 10:30 a~m.: Sermon, "God's Needs," by Rev. C. H. Loucks. 6:30 p.m. The High School Young People's Fellowship will meet in the church. Mrs. Judson King will speak. 8:00 p.m. At Vesper Service the Senior Choir will present Sowerby's cantata, "Forsaken of Man." This will be followed by a reception for the choir in the Guild House. Unitarian Church: 11:00 a.m. "Crucifixion Con- firmed." Sermon by Rev. Marley. 7:30 p.m. Liberal Students Union, Round Table Discussion, on "Aca- demic Freedom" led by Mrs. Edward Bryant of the League of Women rl